1 . A ship that sank off the coast of California decades ago was recently reconstructed in detail. The 3D digital model even included hundreds of sponges (海绵动物) that have gathered on the ship’s surface since it sank.

Named American Heritage, the supply ship sank in Santa Monica Bay on May 4, 1995, and for decades its exact location was unknown. Researchers with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) spotted a strange shape in that area in 2008. But it wasn’t until May 2018 that MBARI scientists identified its exact location and mapped the site in detail, showing what appeared to be a shipwreck (失事船只).

Even then, the identity of the shipwreck was uncertain. Yet another MBARI team revisited the location to do further exploration. They sent remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and took photos of the damaged ship. Though it was covered with deep-sea sponges and other animals, the scientists were able to spot letters spelling out its name, confirming that the shipwreck was American Heritage.

As one of the MBARI scientists who found American Heritage, chief ROV pilot Knute Brekke had worked on the ship before. And he was on duty with the diving company American Pacific Marine — the owner of American Heritage — the night the ship began taking in water and eventually sank.

MBARI spokesperson Kim Fulton -Bennett said to Live Science about the discovery, “The model is not complete, as floating ropes and poor visibility kept the pilots from getting too close to the wreck. But the 3D reconstruction is detailed enough to show that American Heritage is now home to thousands of sponges. Shipwrecks often turn into the shelter for diverse communities of ocean life.”

1. What is the main idea of the text?

A．A valuable treasure was discovered.

B．Special sponges were found under sea.

C．3D model reconstructed a sunken ship.

D．A sunken ship was gotten out of water.

2. Which is the right order of the following events?
① Something strange was found in the area.
② ROVs were sent under sea to take photos.
③ A ship sank in Santa Monica Bay.
④ The identity of the ship was confirmed.
⑤ Scientists tried to locate the shipwreck.

A．②③⑤④①	B．③①⑤②④
C．⑤③①④②	D．④③①②⑤

3. What can we learn about Knute Brekke?

A．He was familiar with the sunken ship.

B．He was in charge of a diving company.

C．He was responsible for the rescue work.

D．He was the first one to witness the accident.

4. What’s Kim Fulton-Bennett’s attitude towards the 3D model?

A．Critical.

B．Doubtful.

C．Amazed.

D．Objective.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The celebrations with the military parade for China's 70th anniversary（周年纪念日）on National Day have clearly shown     1     this nation has developed quickly with confidence in the system     2     (adopt) under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

On the one hand, National Day     3     (say) that China at 70 has achieved scientific and technological developments. On the other hand, it also reminded     4     (we) of the suffering the country experienced after the Opium War of 1840.

The parade also told the     5     (story) of "Made in China" and "Created in China". The achievements did not fall     6     the sky and nor were they stolen. Instead, they were the result of the hard work,    7    (wise) and courage of the Chinese people.

Under the leadership of the CPC, the Chinese people have created     8     miracle in 70 years. The truth of socialism with Chinese characteristics     9     (prove) by history and practice to be a correct path. It has become evident that China will     10     （sure）achieve the goal of the great renewal of the Chinese nation.

3 . Bill Bowerman was a track coach.He wanted to help athletes run faster. So he had learned how to make running shoes. He had also started a shoe company with a friend. It was 1971. Running shoes at the time were heavy. They had spikes(鞋钉)on the sole(鞋底). The spikes tore up the track and slowed down runners.

To make a lighter shoe, Bill tried the skins of fish. To make a better sole, he wanted to replace the spikes. Bill look through his wife Barbara's jewelry box. He hoped to find a piece of jewelry with an interesting pattern. He would then copy the pattern onto the new soles. Nothing worked. Bill was stumped. Then, one Sunday morning, Barbara made Bill waffles(华夫饼)for breakfast. Bill watched her cook. He studied the cross pattern on their old waffle iron.

Inspiration(灵感)hit.

The pattern on a waffle iron was just what Bill was looking for. The squares were fatter and wider than sharp spikes. The pattern would help the shoes grip (抓牢) any surface without tearing into it.

When Barbara left the house, Bill ran to his lab. He took the liquid chemicals that, when mixed, would harden into the sole of a shoe. He poured the mixture into the waffle iron and the Waffle Trainer was born.

Bill's company put the Waffle Trainer on the market in 1974. It was a huge hit. Maybe you've heard of that company called Nike. And today it's worth around $100 billion.

It was the waffle iron that had changed the course of Bill's life and helped turn Nike into a well-known name. Today, the waffle iron is kept at Nike headquarters. It serves as a reminder that if we keep trying, we can find a solution to even the toughest problems. And those solutions can come from unlikely places，even the breakfast table.

1. What was wrong with the running shoes before the Wattle Trainer was made?

A．They were easily worn out.	B．The spikes hurt runners' feet.
C．The spikes were sharp and heavy.	D．They were too expensive.

2. What does the underlined word "stumped" in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Inspired.	B．Defeated.
C．Satisfied.	D．Doubted.

3. What can we say about the birth of Waffle Trainer?

A．It was made quite by accident.	B．It was invented by Bill's wife.
C．It was based on many lab tests.	D．It was supported by another company.

4. What can we learn from Bill's experience?

A．Where there's a will, there's a way.	B．Good is rewarded with good.
C．Two heads are better than one.	D．A misfortune may turn out a blessing.

4 . The Egyptian city Thonis-Heracleion was founded in the eighth century B.C. For centuries, its location at the mouth of the Nile River made it a gateway to Egypt which foreign traders needed to pass through. This brought it both wealth and influence. Its name shows the city' s foreign ties: Thonis was its Egyptian name, but the Greeks, who had close contact with the Egyptians, named it Heracleion after the hero Hercules.

The neighboring city Canopus shared Thonis-Heracleion' s wealth and prestige (声望). Both cities appear in the writings of ancient historians and poets. But then they disappeared from all records. For centuries, no one even knew where these once-great cities were located.

In 1933 a British pilot flew over a bay in Egypt and spotted ruins. He reported his find, but nothing came of it. Not until 2000 did anyone research into the bay thoroughly. That year French archaeologist Franck Goddio used a tool that measured variations in the earth's magnetic field ( 磁场 ) to make a detailed map of the ocean floor. The map helped him and his team choose the most promising areas to dig.

At the bottom of the ocean, Goddio’s team found the remains of Thonis-Heracleion and Canopus. They carefully dug the cities out from mountains of sand that had settled over them. They made some amazing discoveries, such as a five-meter-tall statue. A stele, (石碑) records the city' s name and information about laws, such as tax regulations. And 69 ships lay buried in the same bay - the largest group of ancient ships ever found.

For all their glory, these cities were built on a foundation of soft clay ( 黏 土 ). As their populations grew, the weight of people and homes pressed the clay. In A.D. 800 the ground below the city collapsed (坍塌), causing people to run away. The ground collapsed again some time later, and over the course of 1,000 years, the land sank under the waves. Under the water, sand settled gently over the ruins, saving them from being destroyed.

1. What can we learn about the city Thonis-Heracicion?

A．It was less famous than Canopus.

B．It was once an important center of trade.

C．It   was   once under the   control   of the Greeks.

D．It was recorded in more detail than Canopus.

2. Goddio found the sites of Thonis-Heraclcion and Canopus   .

A．completely by chance

B．according to the historical records

C．with the support of the British pilot

D．thanks to the map of the ocean floor he made

3. What do we know about the treasures found by Goddio's team?

A．They are still in good condition.	B．They are of little historical value.
C．They were hidden in the mountains.	D．They belonged to Thonis-Heracleion.

5 . Mr.Selfridge, the Wisconsin-born retailer (零售商) who left school at 14, rose to become a partner in Marshall Field’s, Chicago. Founded in 1852, it was one of the first and most ambitious US department stores. Mr.Selfridge had done well with Marshall Field’s. He liked to say, “The customer is always right,” which made the Chicago store popular. And he is believed to have invented the phrase “Only (so many) Shopping Days until Christmas”.

When he visited London on holiday in 1906 he was surprised to find most of the city’s department stores were no match of their American and Parisian competitors. This led Selfridge to leave the US and establish Selfridges, a department store named after him, at the west end of London’s Oxford Street. In Oxford Street, Selfridge’s design team shaped an ambitious classical palace building with a wall of plate glass windows.

Opened in 1909, Selfridges offered customers a hundred departments along with restaurants, a roof garden,reading and writing rooms, reception areas for foreign visitors, a first aid room and most importantly, a small army of knowledgeable floor-walking assistants who served as guides as well as being thoroughly instructed in the art of making a sale.

Mr.Selfridge did much to make the department store a destination rather than just a big and comprehensively stocked city shop. It became a place to meet and for ladies to lunch. Mr.Selfridge later introduced the department store as a key element of the 20th Century culture, and Chaplin acknowledged the growing trend for shopping in the department store in his film The Floorwalker.

1. What can be learned about Mr.Selfridge from Paragraph 1?

A．He was well-educated.	B．He was a modest man.
C．He was a gifted businessman.	D．He was dishonest.

2. What was Selfridges’ most impressive characteristic?

A．The broad choice of goods.	B．The large number of departments.
C．The small group of guards.	D．The well-trained sales guides.

3. What is the main purpose of the article?

A．To encourage shoppers to spend more.	B．To introduce the history of Selfridges.
C．To compare different department stores.	D．To explain how to start a department store.

6 . Every March, the country celebrates the achievements of women in American history. Even though these achievements go back a long way, most schools didn’t start focusing on women pioneers and their achievements until recently. Today, most schools teach kids about the many contributions women have made to our country.   How did this change come about?

On March 19, 1911, a German woman named Clara Zetkin organized the very first International Women’s Day. Inspired by American working women, the event took on the causes of peace in an effort to end World War I as well as women’s rights. However, people’s interest in International Women’s Day still dwindled over the years. It gained momentum (势头) again in the 1960’s when the women’s movement caused women to wonder why they weren’t included in the history books.

By the 1970s, more female historians began to look back at women’s contributions in history. In 1978, a California school district started Women’s History Week to promote the teaching of women’s history. School officials picked the week of March 8 to include International Women’s Day. It was so popular that, in 1981, Congress passed a resolution, making the week a celebration for the entire country. The concept of studying women’s history continued to grow in popularity. In 1987, a group of women asked Congress to expand the celebration. That same year, Congress declared the entire month of March National Women’s History Month.

Today, schools and communities across the country celebrate the month with special lessons and activities designed to teach the ways women have helped shape the US. The women who have worked hard to make Women’s History Month a reality would like to see women’s history studied all year, not just every March. In 1996, the National Women’s History Museum was founded. It is a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and celebrating the various historic contributions of women. The organization is working with Congress to open a permanent (永久的) museum site in Washington, D.C.

1. What was ignored in school education in the past according to the text?

A．Popularizing American history.

B．Introducing the history of WWI.

C．Sharing Americans’ global contributions.

D．Teaching about American women’s achievements.

2. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “dwindled” in paragraph 2?

A．Started.

B．Survived.

C．Decreased.

D．Completed.

3. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3?

A．How Women’s History Month became a reality.

B．How women were included in the history books.

C．Why women’s history should be taught at school.

D．Why women’s contributions should be honored in history.

7 . Human Civilization, Progress and Advancement

How did some regions come to be wealthier and more powerful than others? Two historical events have shaped what is known as human civilization, and have ________ vast chasms in prosperity and power among human societies.

The first major cleavage(分裂) among human societies was between hunter-gatherer communities and settled, agriculturally-based communities. The former had ________ few members in a single community, largely because of limited ________ nutrition. The settled societies, on the other hand, enjoyed much ________ populations. Raising livestock in large numbers and harvesting large amounts of plants enabled them to ________ vastly greater nourishment than the hunter-gatherers, and thus they become more ________. The appearance of agriculture also allowed many members of society to engage in activities other than ________ food.

The development of social ________ allowed the products of what we know as civilization to arise: new inventions, art, music, architecture, cities, philosophy, etc. All of these things are possible only if people can ________ their time to something other than obtaining food or physical security, which hunter-gatherer peoples must do more or less full-time, and ________ peoples are able to separate classes and groups. The second major development to ________ certain human societies to advance beyond others was the rise of industry and manufacturing. The Industrial Revolution occurred thousands of years after the development of agriculture, beginning in the 18th century and becoming ________ in the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution was the single most important event in the modern era in allowing some societies to ________ in material wealth far beyond others.

Whether this development is sustainable(持久的) ________to be seen. It is not clear whether a previously agricultural society can fully reap the benefits of high technology and information technology without first ________ the massive social, cultural and political adjustments precipitated(加速) by industrialization.

1.

A．observed

B．created

C．praised

D．adopted

2.

A．symbolized

B．signaled

C．signed

D．featured

3.

A．available

B．special

C．ordinary

D．strange

4.

A．larger

B．smaller

C．wider

D．longer

5.

A．balance

B．produce

C．protest

D．obtain

6.

A．populous

B．incomplete

C．inactive

D．impossible

7.

A．consuming

B．seizing

C．testing

D．obtaining

8.

A．prizes

B．classes

C．parties

D．sides

9.

A．donate

B．direct

C．devote

D．control

10.

A．unstable

B．natural

C．settled

D．unsatisfied

11.

A．allow

B．punish

C．manage

D．plunge

12.

A．consolidated

B．outdated

C．limited

D．involved

13.

A．disappear

B．contribute

C．conquer

D．advance

14.

A．delays

B．remains

C．leaves

D．waits

15.

A．opposing

B．seeking

C．undergoing

D．promoting

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Searching for Guinevere

Stories of kings and queens have appealed to readers for centuries, and arguably, the tales of King Arthur and Guinevere are among the most appealing. Arthur ruled the kingdom of Camelot, and Guinevere was his queen.     1     The debate has continued for centuries. Though many scholars have found evidence that the legendary Arthur was, at the very least, based on a real person who lived in Britain roughly between 450 and 500 CE, they continue to search for the historical identity of Guinevere. Guinevere first appeared as King Arthur’s queen in one of the most widely-studied works of Arthurian literature, The History of the Kings of Britain , written by Geoffrey of Monmouth around 1135 CE.     2    

Guinevere is identified by Geoffrey a noblewoman of Roman descent （血统） who met King Arthur in the court of Duke Cador of Cornwall.     3     In Malory’s portrayal, Guinevere had no real power as a monarch but served as a kind of spiritual leader, providing guidance and moral support to the knights in their roles as defenders of the kingdom. Le Morte d’Arthur was also one of the first works to refer to Guinevere’s romance with the knight, Sir Lancelot.

As many Arthurian scholars know, the distinction between history and literature was unclear in the Middle Ages.     4     Yet regardless of whether Guinevere was real or fictional, her story has endured centuries-and through each retelling, she continues to live on in the imaginations of people around the world.

A．Geoffrey’s historical treatment of the legend is often mentioned as evidence that Guinevere existed, as the book deals with the lives of a number of historical rulers.

B．Consequently, the true identity of Guinevere may never be known with certainty.

C．So why were they so much welcomed by writers?

D．In Le Morte d’Arthur, Sir Thomas Malory describes a prosperous England under King Arthur and Guinevere.

E．Three centuries later, however, THomas Malory painted a very different portrait of Guinevere in Le Morte d’Arthur.

F．But were they real people or fictional characters?

9 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

A terrible fire began to burn at France’s world-famous Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral (巴黎圣母院)    1    the evening of April 15. Flames could be seen rising through the top of the monument.     2    (it) tall, narrow top later fell down. It took 15 hours for 400 French firefighters     3    (put) out the fire.     4    (fortunate), the main stone structure, including the two bell towers, has been saved, but there is little information on the condition of the cathedral’s glass windows and paintings.

Notre-Dame     5    (date) back to the 12th century. French writer Victor Hugo used it as the setting of his famous story, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame,    6    was first published in 1831. Sitting in the center of Paris, along the Seine River, Notre-Dame is one of the world’s most famous tourist     7    (site). About 12 million people visit it each year.

One man said, “Notre-Dame     8    (destroy) but the soul of France was not.” French President Emmanuel Macron promised that Notre-Dame would be rebuilt and asked for worldwide help repairing it. Many countries offered assistance, because Notre-Dame is part of the     9     (culture) heritage of mankind and     10    symbol for Europe.

10 . Can we humans avoid war? Can war be prevented ?

    1    . Throughout the ages, from the Stone Age to the Atomic Age, men     have been fighting, first with swords and shields, then with pins and cannous, and now,hydrogen bombs and missiles are used for military purpose. But, in spite of all these. it is still belief that war can prevented and prace can be won, but it requires the effort of every one of us.

    2    If it ever happens, two - thirds of the world and much of the civilization which men have gained   through time,patience and effort will be destroyed.Will then the remaining one - third of the world be able to   survive on its own?

Our task now is not to blame the past，but to plan for the future.

If there is peace in the world, men can use their rockets to explore the mystery of space,their submarines to explore the depth of the sea,their missiles to deliver to mails and their fine equipment to penetrate(穿透）jungles of Africa ,instead of using them military.

Governments can use their money to build more schools,so that more children can be educated to be useful citizens.    3    , They can also design new machines to increase the production of goods and thus improve the way of the people.

    4    It requires,in my opinion,the understanding and friendship be-tween all people from all nations.Let no one suffer discrimination by reason of color,race,reli-gion,or national origin.Let the rich support the poor and the strong help the weak.

We know that neither peace nor such a dream world can come true in a day or month.    5    .But let us plan and begin now.

A．How can a peaceful world be achieved?

B．The process may even take decades or centuries.

C．Peace can be won through the efforts of all human beings.

D．Things for military use can be transformed to peaceful use.

E．Scientists can use atomic energy to power steamships and planes.

F．I am sure that we would not like to experience another world war,

G．History tells that there were wars, great or small，in every century, in every decade.