2 . Mona Lisa, the famous picture _________ by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1505, is getting _________ by the year. Visitors have noticed _________ but repairing the world’s most famous painting is not easy. Nearly 6 million people go to _________ the Mona Lisa every year, many attracted by the mystery of her smile. ”It is very interesting that when you’re not looking at her, she seems to be _________, and then you look at her and she _________," said Professor Livingstone.

_________, the actual history of the Mona Lisa is just as mysterious as the smile.

Da Vinci himself loved it so much that he always _________ it with him, until it was_________ sold to France’s King Francis I in 1519. In 1911, the painting was __________ from the Louvre by a former employee, who took it out of the __________ hidden under his coat. He said he planned to __________ it to Italy. The painting was sent back to__________ two years later. During World WarII, the French __________ the painting in small towns to keep it out of the__________ of German forces.

6 . In the 1960s, African American mothers noticed something wrong in their children’s seemingly innocent class photos. Every year, youngsters tidied up in their Sunday best for their school picture, yet these treasured images didn’t ____ Black and White children equally. White children were rendered (使成为) as they look in everyday life, while African American children lost ____ of their faces and turned into ink blots (墨渍). The film could not simultaneously capture both dark and light skin. For decades, this flaw of the film remained out of ____, when Black boys and girls and white boys and girls were photographed separately. But with the integration of schools, Black mothers ____ that color film left their Black children in the shadows.

In 2015, two London-based photographers, Adam Broomberg and Oliver Chanarin, wanted to find out why the film could not capture the ____ of children of all races in a school photograph. When these photographers tested the film, they found the film was optimized for ____ skin. It was this film’s hidden history that was the ____ faces in a class photo came out so differently.

All that changed, ____, when large corporations made a fuss about Kodak’s film, which they bought in bulk for advertising. A team of two unlikely businesses – furniture makers and chocolate manufacturers – ____ against Kodak’s films for discriminating against dark hues.

Kodak employees worked hard to fix the film, making new film formulations and testing them by taking photos. While the complaints from Black mothers could not change Kodak, those from these companies could. By the late 1970s, new - and more ____ - formulations of color film were in the works, and the new and improved Kodak Gold film was on the market by the following decade.

Technologies, such as photographic films, sometimes capture the beliefs and values of the times. This bias built into technology has ____ today. Today, some web cameras, following instructions from algorithms (算法), are unable to recognize a dark face, but do so ____ for a white one.

What the makers of film and cameras and other technologies have experienced is a tacit (心照不宣的) subscription to a belief of a standard. ____, they have gotten on the escalator of “this is how we do things” without asking why. Scholars would describe this type of bias as one that implicitly (完全地) and ____ accepts norms. But it isn’t the ____ fault; they are only doing what the lines of code written by humans tell them to do. These devices capture the biases that exist in our world and, in turn, speak to whom a culture values.

7 . Unearthing the Importance of the Life-Sized Terracotta Warriors

The unexpected unearthing of the Terracotta Army is renowned as one of the world’s greatest archaeological events. Discovered in northwestern China and dating back to its first dynasty, the ceramic(陶制的)figures have shed light on the country’s ancient artistic practices and age-old burial traditions.

In addition to offering a glimpse into Imperial China’s distinctive approach to_______art, the sculptures are also celebrated for their scale ---both______each individual sculpture’s height and the group as a whole.

Here, we present the history of the Terracotta Army, including its creation in the third century BCE and its_______in the 1970s.

In 246 BCE, Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, took________the empire at just thirteen years old. As ruler of the first Imperial Empire, he is credited with several accomplishments, including standardized scripts and coins, the construction of the Great Wall, and the_______of the state.

To celebrate his triumphs and_______his life, he ordered the construction of a necropolis(陵寝)in Xi’an. He filled his necropolis with precious possessions as well as thousands of specially-made terracotta soldiers to _______ him in the afterlife. Though 7,000 laborers devoted decades to constructing the over-the-top necropolis, the_______ was left unfinished when Qin died in 210 BCE.

Historians theorize that the heads and bodies of the warriors were made through________ production. This means that each individual part, such as the arms and legs, were made independently of one another to speed up manufacturing. Then, after being________in the kiln, a large furnace for burning, baking and drying, these various parts became one figure.

For centuries, Qin Shi Huang’s massive necropolis remained undetected. However, in 1974, workers stumbled upon a large_______ of a terracotta warrior while digging a well. Inspired by this surprising find, archaeologists began to explore the area, resulting in the discovery of thousands of similar soldiers in four pits.

Designed with an impressive level of detail, each figure is a one-of-a-kind work of art. The life-sized sculptures are______in height according to military ranking --- some as tall as Yao Ming, while some as short as 1.77 meters, with their uniforms, hairstyles, and even facial shapes and expressions following suit. Though they appear the same shade of grey, the figures would have originally been______painted, highlighting their lifelike features and drawing attention to their eye-catching artisanship.

________the 8,000 soldiers themselves, 130 ceramic chariots and 670 horses were also found in the necropolis._______, clay figures of dancers, acrobats, and musicians were also unearthed, though these vivid figures are greatly outnumbered by the stoic army.

8 . Tired from a full day’s work, Rosa Parks got on a Montgomery bus on December 1, 1955 and forever became one of the inspirational people who _______ the world. She sat down among several white passengers, along with three _______ African-Americans, in the middle of the bus.

At a later stop, after Parks had _______   her seat, a white passenger _______ the full bus. By the then-current Montgomery laws, the black passengers were _______ obligated to leave their seats and give them over to _______white passengers.

It seemed a _______ situation as the white passenger _______ his way down the aisle(过道). The bus driver, James F. Blake, left the driver’s _______ and moved directly up to the four black passengers. His ________ was to get the black passengers to move to the ________ of the bus-basically, it was standard operating procedure.

While the other three black passengers ________ Blake and moved on, Rosa Parks refused to do this. Blake eventually contacted the ________ police and they arrested her.

This ________ is considered one of the moments in the history of the Civil Rights movement in the United States. It ________ a year-long bus boycott in the city of Montgomery, ________ by Martin Luther King, Jr. That movement changed civil rights in the United States ________.

Parks lived to the age of 92, dying in 2005. She was ________ a posthumous statue in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. She was also granted the ________ of “lying in honor” at the Capitol Rotunda, only the third ________ citizen to be so honored.

9 . Black Friday refers to the day after Thanksgiving. On this particular day, crowds of shoppers flood into stores to________ the season’s biggest holiday bargains. But the real story behind Black Friday is a bit________.

The most commonly repeated story behind the post-Thankgiving shopping-related Black Friday tradition________ it to retailers (零售商). As the story goes，after an entire year of_________ at a loss, stores would earn a profit，________ in black ink， on the day after Thanksgiving，________ holiday shoppers blew so much money on________ products. Though it’s true that retail companies used to record ________ in red and profits in black when doing their________，this version of Black Friday’s origin is not an accurate story behind the________.

The true story behind Black Friday is not as________ as retailers might have you believe. Back in the 1950s， the________in the city of Philadelphia used the term to________the chaos that happened on the day after Thanksgiving，when tens of thousands of suburban shoppers and tourists flooded into the city ________ the big Army-Navy football game held on that Saturday every year. The police would have to take extra-long________ and not be able to take the day off so as to deal with the________ crowds.

The term didn’t ________ to the rest of the country until much later. Sometime in the late 1980s， retailers found a way to turn it into something that reflected ________ on them. The result was the “red to black” concept mentioned earlier. The Black Friday story________ in shopper’s mind， and pretty soon the term’s darker ________ in Philadelphia were largely forgotten.

10 . At the end of the First World War, in 1918. China was convinced it would be able to reclaim the territories occupied by the Germans in present-day Shandong Province. After all, it had fought along with the Allies. However it was not to be. The warlord government of the day had ________ struck a deal with the Japanese, offering the German colonies in return for financial support. The Allies, ________, acknowledged Japan’s territorial claims in China. When it became known in China in April 1919 that the negotiations over the Treaty of Versailles（凡尔赛条约）would not ________ China’s claims, it gave rise to a movement that might be considered even more revolutionary than the one that ended the Empire.

In the course of this May Fourth Movement, some 5,000 students from Peking University hit the streets to ________ the Versailles Treaty. But more was at stake than Japan’s grabbing of land. When one considers the 1911 Revolution as a mere regime（政体）change, it become clear that the numerous popular demands for modernization had not been satisfied yet.

The May Fourth Movement was part cultural revolution, part _______ movement. On the cultural side , the students had been inspired in the preceding two decades by Western thought, creating a feeling of frustration and _______ with Chinese tradition. In the intellectual ferment（酝酿/骚动）that resulted from this, answers were sought for the questions why and how China had lagged behind the West. The negative influences of traditional morality, the clan（宗族）system and Confucianism were seen as the main causes. China in its shaky state could only be cured by “Two Doctors”: Doctor Science（赛先生）and Doctor Democracy（德先生）.

At the same time, intellectuals untied in the New Culture Movement attempted to make Chinese culture more ________ to social groups beyond the traditional scholar-officials. To this end, they advocated a Literary Revolution, in which wenyan, the ossified（僵化的）system of ________ language, was to be replaced by a system based on conversational language, the so-called baihua. Hu Shi is one of the scholars who ________ with this movement, and meanwhile Lu Xun is seen as one of the most productive practitioners of this type of writing that came into _______ in the 1920s.

The social aspects of May Fourth consisted of attempts to free the Chinese woman, although this was often limited to movements to bring foot-binding to a halt. Nonetheless, in the cities newly ________ women, modern girls who had been educated, became a loud voice for further changes.

May Fourth is seen as a critical _______ for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party. Before 1919, there was hardly any interest in what was happening in Russia. After May Fourth, Marxism was seen as a _______ revolutionary ideology for a predominantly agricultural society such as China still was.

Even today, May Fourth functions as a point of _______ for China. The Party may interpret the events of 1919 as being brought about by its earliest members, and it may turn Lu Xun into the Marxist writer he would refuse to be, but the fact ________ that May Fourth truly set China on its revolutionary path.