1 . Too many deaths and injuries occur while mobile phones are being held. Tougher new laws will come into force in a further severe action on using a mobile phone behind the wheel from next year.
It is already illegal to text or make a phone call, other than in an emergency, using a hand-held device while driving. From 2022, laws will go further to ban drivers from using their phones to take photos or videos, or play games. This will mean anyone caught using their hand-held device while driving will face a 
fixed penalty notice and six points on their license. Drivers will still be able to continue using a device “hands-free” while driving, if it’s secured in a cradle (支架).
The government will also revise The Highway Code to explain the new measures. It will also be more precise about some facts, making it clear that hand-held mobile phone use at traffic lights or in motorway jams is illegal except in very limited circumstances.
There will be an exemption (豁免) to the new law for drivers making a contactless payment using their mobile phone. This will cover, for example, places like a drive-through restaurant or a road toll, and will only apply when payment is being made with a card reader. Anyway, it will not allow drivers to make general online payments while driving.
Mary Williams, chief executive of Brake — the road safety charity, said, “If drivers take their attention away from driving, this can be deadly. Using a hand-held phone at the wheel is never worth the risk. This important road safety decision by government, along with Road Safety Week, is very welcomed. The theme for Road Safety Week is road safety heroes — we can all be road safety heroes by giving driving our full attention.”
1. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ________.| A．present some new findings about using a mobile phone behind the wheel |
| B．describe the relationship between road safety and driving with full attention |
| C．report new problems caused by drivers who use mobile phones while driving |
| D．introduce new laws that will go further to ban drivers from using mobile phones |
| A．Hand-held mobile phone use at traffic lights is always illegal. |
| B．Those using their hand-held devices while driving will be fined. |
| C．Younger drivers are more likely to use hand-held devices at the wheel. |
| D．Using phones to take photos or videos while driving will not be allowed. |
| A．Positive. | B．Negative. | C．Uninterested. | D．Objective. |
The White House on Tuesday announced new actions,
The FBI will also publish a new interactive page
The Department of Health and Human Services is providing nearly $50 million from the American Rescue Plan
The COVID-19 Health Equity Task Force,
The White House has faced pressure to take more concrete
3 . At work, Morgan Philpott cares for sick children. In his off-hours, the Australian nurse turns his attention to an equally unprotected group unwell koala. “They really run the risk of becoming extinct inside our lifetime,” Philpott said at an animal hospital on Sydney’s outskirts while helping
At work, Morgan Philpott cares for sick children. In his off-hours, the Australian nurse turns his attention to an equally unprotected group unwell koala. “They really run the risk of becoming extinct inside our lifetime,” Philpott said at an animal hospital on Sydney’s outskirts while helping treat a rescued koala affected with a disease.
Disease among the koalas, bushfires, drought, cutting down of forest, and loss of urban habitat are some of the many destructive forces that continue to threaten their survival. These forces, a government report warned in June, could make Australia’s symbolic animal extinct in New South Wales—the nation’s most populous state—by 2050.
The country’s worst summer of bushfires in a generation destroyed more than 11.2 million hectares, nearly half the area of the United Kingdom, putting the gray tree-hugging animals into the center of national conservation and a hot political issue. In New South Wales, at least 5,000 koalas were killed in the fires that burned 80 percent of the Blue Mountains World Heritage Area and 24 percent of koala habitat on public land, the government’s June report said.
New state laws have sought to limit the ability of farmers to clear land considered important for koala habitat, setting off a political debate between urban conservationists and people in the bush who wanted to manage their land. The rate of tree-clearing and I loss of habitats are behind all of the other factors that threaten them in those developed areas which include dog attacks and vehicle accidents said Kellie leigh. head of Science for wildlife. a nonprofit conservation organization.
1. Morgan Philpott is mentioned in paragraph 1 to ________.| A．introduce the topic | B．describe his job duties |
| C．stress the importance of koala rescue | D．excite readers interest in his work |
| A．free koalas from disease | B．allow farmers to clear land |
| C．protect habitats for koalas | D．prevent bushfires from happening |
| A．Koalas affected with disease are well protected. |
| B．New measures to protect koalas have won nationwide support. |
| C．Bushfires are the most destructive force threatening koalas survival. |
| D．Many causes could lead to the extinction of koalas in New South Waies. |
4 . John Lubbock, a British member of the Parliament (议会), led to the first law to safeguard Britain's heritage-the Ancient Monuments Bill. How did it happen?
By the late 1800s more and more people were visiting Stonehenge for a day out. But the visitors left behind rubbish and leftover food. It encouraged rats that made holes at the stones' foundations, weakening them They also cut pieces off the stones for souvenirs and carved pictures into them, says architectural critic Jonathan Glancey. It was the same for other pre-historic remains, which were disappearing fast Threats also included farmers and landowners as the ancient stones got in the way of working on the fields and were a free source of building materials.
Shocked and angry, Lubbock took up the fight. When he heard Britain's largest ancient stone circle at Avebury in Wiltshire was up for sale in 1871, he persuaded its owners to sell it to him and the stone circle was saved.
"Lubbock aroused national attention for ancient monuments "says Glancey." he did for heritage what Darwin did for natural history."
But Lubbock couldn't buy every threatened site. He knew laws were needed and tabled the Ancient Monuments Bill. It proposed government powers to take any pre-historic site under threat away from uncaring owners.
For eight years he tried and failed to get the bill through parliament finally in 1882, it was voted into law. It had however been watered down; people had to willingly give their ancient monuments to the government. But what it did do was plant the idea that the state could preserve Britain s heritage better than private owners.
1. What's the second paragraph mainly about?| A．The threats caused to the ancient remains. |
| B．The facts that people explored the heritages. |
| C．The history of the UK's ancient remains. |
| D．The anger Lubbock expressed about the relics. |
| A．He couldn't afford a site any more. |
| B．He wanted to stir up more attention. |
| C．He wanted to make contributions as Darwin. |
| D．He couldn't save every site with his own effort. |
| A．It failed to be voted into the law. |
| B．It was got through as expected in the end. |
| C．It allowed people to sell their monuments. |
| D．It made people trust the government's protection. |
5 . The city of Rome has passed a new law to prevent cruelty to animals. All goldfish bowls are no longer allowed and dog owners must walk their dogs.
This comes after a national law was passed to give prison sentences to people who desert cats or dogs.
“The civilization of a city can be measured by this,” said Monica Cirinna, the councilor (议员) behind the hew law.
“It's good to do whatever we can for our animals who in exchange for a little love fill our existence with their attention,” she told a Rome newspaper.
The newspaper reported that round bowls don't give enough oxygen for fish and may make then go blind.
“Rome has tried to protect fish more than anywhere else in the world, It stands out for recognizing that fish are interesting animals who deserve our respect and compassion every bit as much as dogs and cats and other animals,” said Karin Robertson, a director of the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
Last year a law was passed in Italy that gives people who desert pets big fines and prison sentences Since then local governments have added their own animal protection rules.
The northern city of Turin passed a law in April to give pet owners fines of up to $598 if they do not walk their dogs three times a day.
The new law in Rome also says that owners mustn't leave their dogs in hot cars or cut their dogs' tails to make them look lovelier. The law also gives legal recognition to the “cat ladies” who feed homeless cats The cats live all over the city from ancient ruins to modern office car parks.
1. The new law passed in Rome will ________.| A．help improve fishing environment | B．guarantee better conditions for goldfish |
| C．stop people from catching goldfish | D．discourage keeping goldfish at home |
| A．exchanges with other cities | B．protection for ancient ruins |
| C．awareness of animal protection | D．recognition of animal lovers |
| A．pity | B．praise |
| C．support | D．popularity |
| A．keep their dogs or cats in cars | B．feed homeless animals in car parks |
| C．raise their cats near ancient ruins | D．shut their dogs home all day long |
6 . Sociologists indicate that people obey the law because they see it as a legitimate (合法) authority. But McAdams, the Bernard D. Meltzer Professor of Law and Aaron Director Research Scholar, shared his two different theories of how the law works specifically: by allowing people to coordinate (配合) and by signaling new information and beliefs. McAdams explains them in depth in The Expressive Powers of Law: Theories and Limits.
The coordination theory is that law works as a focus to help people avoid conflict or other undesirable situations, “One example is a one-way traffic sign. We could imagine working without sanctions (制裁) or legitimacy, because you would be a fool to ignore it,” McAdams said, “Seeing the one-way sign, you know other people will see it too, and you expect that you’ll have a head-on crash if you go the wrong way. Your reason to follow the one-way lines is independent of sanctions or legitimacy, which is simply to coordinate with people.”
But law also works specifically by signaling information about risk or public attitudes that causes people to update their behavior. “People take the beliefs of others as input into their own beliefs and changing their beliefs can cause them to change their behavior,” McAdams said. For example: A new smoking ban might reveal a rising disapproval of cigarette smoking, and it might also reveal that lawmakers now believe it’s harmful.
Either of these could change behavior. “If I’m a nonsmoker, I might be willing to bear more of a cost to avoid secondhand smoke, and that might include resisting smokers. And if I’m a smoker, and I think that secondhand smoke is more harmful than I used to, then I might expect more resistance if I don’t give in,” McAdams said.
1. What does the author intend to do in the first paragraph?| A．To introduce the topic of the text. | B．To tell readers who are McAdams. |
| C．To offer some advice on obeying laws. | D．To explain what are McAdams’ theories. |
| A．Public attitudes need updating all the time. |
| B．People’s beliefs will decide their behaviors. |
| C．Lawmakers’ beliefs are of importance to public behaviors. |
| D．Others’ beliefs will have a bad effect on people’s own decision. |
| A．Why the law is important. | B．How the law affects the public. |
| C．Why people obey the law. | D．How people learn more about the law. |
7 . Who cleans the dishes in an advertisement for dish soap? Maybe you automatically imagine a woman doing the job. Similarly, men are usually the owners and drivers in promotions（广告宣传） for cars. It seems that advertisements have created gender stereotypes （关于性别的刻板印象） for audiences.
Some people think that needs to change. In June, Advertising Standards Authority（ASA）in the UK set out a new rule, which states, “Ads must not include gender stereotypes that are likely to cause harm, or serious or widespread offence.”
“The evidence we published last year showed that harmful gender stereotypes in ads contribute to how people see themselves and their role in society. ” Ella Smillie, the ASA's project leader on gender stereotyping, told the BBC.
In the ASA's list of ads，a German milk powder manufacturer（制造商）, for example, wanted to stress that their product helps children develop. Its poster featured a baby girl as a ballet dancer and a baby boy as an engineer.
These stereotypical roles in advertisements may mislead people as to what they can do with their lives. “It may hold some people back from fulfilling their potentials, or from aspiring（渴望） to certain jobs and industries, bringing costs for individuals and the economy,” Smillie told the Guardian.
Some may say that advertising is only a small reason that gender stereotypes exist，and regulating （规范） them won't solve the real problem.
But it can be a start. “While advertising is only one of many factors that contribute to unequal gender outcomes, tougher advertising standards can play an important role in tackling（处理） inequalities and improving outcomes for individuals, the economy and society as a whole,” Guy Parker, chief executive of the ASA, said in a news release.
1. For what purpose did the author write the first paragraph？| A．To entertain readers. | B．To introduce the topic. |
| C．To inform the bad news. | D．To stress the importance of ads. |
| A．Because they can have a negative influence on the audience. |
| B．Because they can increase the costs of many manufacturers. |
| C．Because they can discourage people from making money. |
| D．Because they can help advertisers to promote their products. |
| A．By making a comparison. | B．By providing statistics. |
| C．By presenting research findings. | D．By using examples. |
| A．An advertisement. | B．A legal document. |
| C．A business newspaper. | D．A medical magazine. |
8 . Beijing's transportation commission released a new regulation on Wednesday banning passengers from eating or drinking on the subway in a move intended to create a more comfortable space for travelers. Uncivilized behavior, such as selling products or playing loud music, are also prohibited under the regulation.
It will be included in the passenger's credit record that if a passenger disobeys the rules, and the he could be forbidden from taking the subway in the future, the commission said. The commission also assigned special inspectors and supervisors to identify improper behavior on subway trains. Prohibitions against smoking electronic cigarettes and using fake tickets were also added to the rules.
Liu Daizong, China transport program director at the World Resources Institute, applauded the new measure and said that as an enclosed space, a subway car will be filled with odors if passengers are allowed to have food. "These easily cause arguments between passengers, but there was no basis for law enforcement（实施） officers to get involved before," he said.
In January, a woman named Wang caused heated discussion online after she was filmed eating snacks and spitting out the food debris onto the floor of a car on Beijing's Line 13.She was later found by netizens to be the same woman previously filmed eating chicken claws and spitting out bones in a Shanghai subway car. Netizens had dubbed her "chicken feet lady". Other passengers asked Wang to clean up her mess but she refused, leaving the food packages in the subway car when she got off.She was later controlled by police in Beijing on suspicion of disrupting public transport.
Han Yanni, a 26-year-old white collar worker in the finance industry in Beijing, said drinking water and bread is her daily routine on the subway, especially in the morning rush. "Except for onions or sunflower seeds, I can put up with most of the eating behaviors," she said. "Especially if they take a garbage bag for their trash."
1. Which statement is true according to the passage?| A．It is not prohibited that a man smokes electronic cigarettes on the subway. |
| B．If a person breaks the rule, he may lose the chance of taking the subway now. |
| C．A passenger may be supervised by someone when taking the subway in Beijing. |
| D．One can eat bread if he or she brings a garbage bag in Beijing subway. |
| A．an awful smell of food | B．food remains | C．used napkins | D．food package |
| A．She had spitted out all she had eaten in a Shanghai subway car. |
| B．She got away with what she had done in Shanghai. |
| C．She called herself “chicken feet lady”. |
| D．She had cleaned up the mess she had caused on Beijing’s line 13. |
