A patent is an official document
Inventions are the result of hard work. It may only take a moment of inspiration to think of a good idea but it takes a lot of research and experimentation to turn it into a(n)
Patents also benefit the society
2 . Owls(猫头鹰)can be found in many parts of the world. And today, one kind of owl, the barred owl, is causing a problem in forests of the northwestern United States. Barred owls are a large species native to eastern North America, but they began moving west at the start of the 20th century. In parts of the Pacific Northwest, barred owls are now causing a drop in the population of a kind of smaller and less aggressive(侵略性的) bird: the northern spotted owls. The U.S. Geological Survey is doing something unusual to protect spotted owls: killing barred owls. As a member of the department, David Wiens has mixed feelings about the program. “It’s a little unpleasant, I think, to go out killing owls,” he says. “But we knew that barred owls were really stronger than spotted owls and their numbers were growing too fast, so it makes sense to do that.”
It is a controversial( 有争议的) program. “A decision not to kill the barred owl is a decision to make the spotted owl disappear,” says Bob Sallinger, a director at the nonprofit Audubon Society in Portland, Oregon. However, Marc Bekoff, a professor of ecology(生态学 ) and biology at the University of Colorado, Boulder, strongly disagrees with the experiment and says humans should find another way to help spotted owls.
If reducing the barred owl population improves the number of spotted owls, the U.S. Geological Survey may consider killing more barred owls as part of a longer-term effort. Enough success has been noted for the experiment to be extended to August of 2021.
1. Why are barred owls being killed ?| A．They are breaking the laws of nature. |
| B．They are killing each other to survive. |
| C．They are destroying large areas of forests. |
| D．They are putting the spotted owls in danger. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Uncaring. | C．Supportive. | D．Negative. |
| A．New Ways to Help Forests |
| B．How to Keep Ecological Balance |
| C．Killing One Species to Save Another |
| D．Time to Protect Animals |
3 . The biggest soccer organization in the U.S. introduces new rules to make the sport safer.
The U.S. Soccer Federation announced that players in its teams who are 10 or younger are no longer allowed to head the ball. Players aged from 11 to 13 have limits on how often they can practice heading.
The new rules are set to stop kids from getting hurt because of a blow to the head that shakes the brain. Players may get headaches by heading the ball. Even worse, they may also get concussions, which will cause lasting brain damage.
Heading the ball can be one of the most dangerous parts of soccer. Sometimes the force of hitting the ball with their heads gives players concussions. But more often, players receive concussions when they jump to head the ball and by accident knock heads with other players or fall and hit their heads on the grass.
“More concussions happen during the act of heading than any other action in soccer,” says Dr. Robert Cantu, an expert on brain damage.
So far, the new rules are only used by teams that are part of the U.S. Soccer Federation. But the group says it hopes more soccer teams will soon follow its example.
Former U.S. soccer star Brandi Chastain is one of the leaders of the activity to ban heading among young soccer players. She welcomes the rule change but wants the rule to include all players under 14.
1. The new rules are made to________．| A．keep young players from being hurt |
| B．teach young players how to practice heading |
| C．make the U.S. Soccer Federation more famous |
| D．encourage young players to improve their skills |
| A．She is against them. | B．She supports them. |
| C．She is unsure about them. | D．She doesn’t care about them. |
| A．New rules in soccer. | B．How to protect young players. |
| C．Brain damage becomes more common. | D．The introduction of the U.S. Soccer Federation. |
While many of us go to sleep before midnight, some teenagers choose to stay up much later. They are not driven by the burning desire to write a better essay or achieve a higher grade. Instead, they are busy playing online games. Known as young Internet addicts (有瘾的人), they have long been a problem in China. A report released (发行) in 2016 by the China Youth Association for Network Development showed that there were over 24 million young Internet addicts among China’s young urban Internet users. The report also said that over 18 million youths had a tendency to develop Internet addiction.
To deal with the problem of Internet addiction among teenagers, the Cyberspace Administration of China has released draft (草案) regulations which carried out a ban on online gaming. If the regulations are adopted under-18s would be banned from playing online games between midnight and 8 am.
As soon as the government’s draft law surfaced, it drew great attention from the public. Some support the law as a way to better protect teenagers, saying that too much overnight gaming is harmful to teenagers’ health and believing the period between midnight and 8 am to be important to human physical functions. However, others wondered whether it would be practical if it came into effect, as teenagers could just borrow their parents’ IDs to register (注册) accounts to play online games. The Guangming Daily suggested that parents should help their teenagers find a balance between the cyber world and the real world.
China is by no means the only one trying to fight against teenager gaming addiction. Germany introduced a regulation in 2002 in an attempt to stop teens from playing online games from 10 pm to 6 am. Meanwhile, the UK, the US and Australia have forced a rating system on computer games to make sure that teenagers cannot access “adult” content such as violence, sex or bad language.
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5 . A video of a three-year-old girl being kicked by her own mother during a photo shot went viral on Thursday, indicating China’s underperformance in regulating the emerging child modeling industry.
The girl, known as Niu Niu, was physically abused (虐待) by her mother in several videos. The videos have annoyed Chinese media and Internet users alike. Many netizens and scholars call for local authorities to carry out further investigations into possible child abuse.
In response to the public outcry (强烈抗议), Niu Niu’s mother issued an apology via Sina Weibo on Thursday, condemning accusations of abuse. She noted that she was merely guiding her daughter for better shots and the girl is well looked after.
Despite her apology, many E-shops which used Niu Niu’s images for brand promotion have canceled their cooperation with the mother, while over 110 well-known child garment shops on Taobao have signed up for a campaign to provide better protection for child models.
“It is necessary to adopt comprehensive laws and regulations to further protect the kids, preventing their parents and companies from exploiting them,” Fang Zhiqing, a lawyer and child protection expert, said.
Niu Niu is not alone. In Zhili, a small town in Zhejiang province, thousands of children from across China are taken here by their parents to seize the chance of fame. With a population of 450,000, Zhili has over 13,000 manufacturers of child clothing. In 2017.the town earned over 7 billion yuan by selling clothing for children online, thus providing opportunities for child models.
“China’s current advertisement law isn’t workable with respect to the industry of child modeling, as it lacks clear regulatory measures and clear legal punishment.” Fang added, “It is important to issue new laws which regulate child modeling.”
1. What caused the public outcry?| A．A girl being physically abused by her mother. |
| B．Problems in Chinese advertising industry. |
| C．Several cases of child abuse in recent China. |
| D．Videos showing how child models work. |
| A．Local authorities have thoroughly looked into Niu Niu’s case. |
| B．Niu Niu’s mother admitted abusing her daughter. |
| C．Shops stopped their cooperation with the mother. |
| D．The online sales of child clothing are increasing. |
| A．China’s current advertisement law isn’t workable. |
| B．There are too many child models in China. |
| C．New economic laws should be issued in China. |
| D．China should regulate child modeling. |
6 . Traveling by subway can sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during rush hour. There are the times when you have to avoid cups of coffee that could spill (溅) on you. The smells of some passengers’ food are very strong, too. According to the Beijing subway passenger regulations, which went into effect on May 15th, passengers except babies and the sick are no longer allowed to eat or drink on the subway. Violators (违反者) who do not stop after being asked to will be asked to get off. The violation will also be recorded in the violators’ credit record.
Some support the rule. The reason is that the smell of food and drink can annoy other passengers. “The smell of food fills the carriage, causing people discomfort, especially in the hot summer, Besides, eating on the subway produces rubbish. And on subway trains, people often spill their drinks,” said Zheng Yiou, 17, a student from Hefei.
However, others question this rule. “Some citizens live so far from their work places that they have limited time to have breakfast before they go to work. Eating while they travel saves them time and decreases the chance that they will be late for work,” He Songlin, a 17-year-old student from Chengdu said, “And some people, like those with low- blood sugar levels, get sick if they can’t eat when they must.”
Other Chinese cities like Nanjing and Chengdu have similar regulations. Some foreign cities also ban eating and drinking on the subway. For example, eating and drinking have long been banned on the subway in Washington DC. Singapore fines people who eat or drink on the subway up to 500 Singapore dollars, which is RMB 2,417 yuan.
Chen Yanyan, a professor from Beijing University of Technology, believed we should consider the need of some people to eat or drink on the subway. “Commuters (上班族) and travelers are sometimes too busy to eat. Maybe we could learn from Tokyo, where there are many subway stations equipped with services, allowing passengers to eat and drink,” she said.
1. In which city was subway passenger regulations carried out on May 15th?| A．Chengdu. | B．Nanjing. |
| C．Washington DC. | D．Beijing. |
| A．Eating on the subway. | B．Drinking on the subway. |
| C．Being fined up to 2417 yuan. | D．Being asked to get off the train. |
| A．Worried. | B．Sympathetic. |
| C．Doubtful. | D．Uninterested |
| A．Food and Drink Banned on Subway. |
| B．The Adventure of Subway Traveling |
| C．Ways to Eat and Drink on Subway. |
| D．The Services on Subway Stations |
7 . You will read about how you are a citizen (市民)in your school,community and nation.
Citizens Have Rights
As a citizen,you have rights that the government protects.A right is something you may do.As a citizen,you have a right to speak freely and to practice your religion.
Citizens Have Responsibilities
Along with rights,citizens have responsibilities.A responsibility is something that you should do.For example,you should follow the laws.
Good citizens care about people’s rights.They try to make things fair and safe for everyone.Good citizens work together to solve problems.Children can be good citizens by solving problems together in their school or community.
| A．A law is a rule that everyone in a community,state or country must follow. |
| B．They may follow proper steps to deal with problems. |
| C．You also have the right of privacy. |
| D．How to be a good citizen? |
| E．Being a Good Citizen |
| F．A citizen is a person who belongs to a place. |
| G．We are all good citizens. |
8 . We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be
Rules can help the public make the right
If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be
Sometimes it may not be so easy to know
| A．kind | B．sensitive | C．fair | D．generous |
| A．equally | B．slightly | C．clearly | D．increasingly |
| A．suggestion | B．conclusions | C．turns | D．choices |
| A．accidents | B．mistakes | C．falls | D．deaths |
| A．interesting | B．vital | C．easy | D．valuable |
| A．seldom | B．rarely | C．merely | D．never |
| A．trouble | B．power | C．prison | D．control |
| A．roughly | B．eventually | C．deliberately | D．exactly |
| A．awful | B．cruel | C．unhealthy | D．unnecessary |
| A．still | B．even | C．later | D．somehow |
| A．nervous | B．anxious | C．afraid | D．guilty |
| A．begging | B．starving | C．growing | D．wandering |
| A．follow | B．instruct | C．treat | D．protect |
| A．disgusting | B．confusing | C．unsafe | D．unimportant |
| A．predict | B．explain | C．decide | D．consider |
The first one is about drinking. Now，you may not buy alcohol in this country. If you are under 18 years of age，nor may your friends buy it for you.
Secondly，noise. Enjoy yourselves by all means，but please don’t make unnecessary noise，particularly at night. We ask you to respect other people who may wish to be quiet.
Thirdly，crossing the road. Be careful！The traffic moves on the left side of the road in this country. Use pedestrian crossings and do not take any chances when crossing the road.
My next point is about litter (throwing away waste material in a public place)．It is an offence (违法行为) to drop litter in the street. When you have something to throw away，please put it in your pocket and take it home，or put it in a litter bin.
Finally，as regards something，it is against the law to buy cigarettes or tobacco if you are under 16 years of age.
I’d like to finish by saying that if you require any sort of help or assistance，you should contact your local police，who will be pleased to help you.
Now，are there any questions?
1. The main purpose of this speech would be to________.
| A．prepare people for international travel |
| B．declare the laws of different kinds |
| C．give advice to travelers to the country |
| D．inform people of the punishment for breaking laws |
| A．keep in touch with | B．join |
| C．report | D．get in touch with |
| A．In this country，if you are under 18 years of age，you may not buy alcohol，but your friend can buy it for you |
| B．you may not buy cigarettes or tobacco unless you are above 16 years of age |
| C．because the traffic moves on the left side of the road，you must use pedestrian crossings when crossing the road |
| D．you can’t make noise except at night |
