1 . Yang Le Ge Yang, a game on WeChat’s mini program platform, has spread widely on Chinese social media, with a related topic lopping the trending charts (排行榜) on Weibo.

The game is characterized by comic-like art design and background music and its brief introduction that less than 0.1% of players can complete all the levels.

In order to pass the level efficiently, a huge crowd, especially the teenagers, focus their energy and pocket money on seeking the strategy, with little knowledge of the potential risk of being cheated.

Hanging over the situation, China’s top legislature (立法机关) took an effective measure against telecom and online fraud (诈骗) on September 2 by adopting widely expected law that will smooth out these crimes (犯罪) which have long disturbed the public and led to people’s financial losses after receiving spam messages (垃圾短信) and calls.

The law on telecom and online fraud, which has 50 articles, was passed after being reviewed three times by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. China’s top legislative body, aiming to offer strong protection of people’s rights and punish cheaters.

As some people, particularly teenagers, were defrauded by being tricked into buying online game equipment, the Cyberspace Administration of China has worked with the Ministry of Public Security in the fight against cheaters since the beginning of this year. So far, they have dealt with more than 12,000 such cases and asked internet operators to improve the public’s channels to provide fraud-related information.

1. Why does the passage begin with a popular game?

A．To share a hot game.	B．To entertain the readers.
C．To introduce the topic.	D．To attract readers’ attention.

2. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 and 4?

A．Telecom and online fraud is a new crime.

B．Teens focus on the game as a result of feeling secure and protected.

C．China’s legislation will take action to fight against the online fraud.

D．Some individuals fail to recognize the truth of spam messages and calls.

3. What can be learned about the law against the online fraud?

A．It was officially reviewed 50 times.

B．It didn’t reach the public’s expectation.

C．It hardly contributed to guarding against online fraud.

D．It was passed to protect people’s rights and punish cheaters.

4. What might the writer continue to write in the following paragraph?

A．The ways to rise to frauds.

B．The details of various frauds.

C．The frauds that teenagers were tricked into.

D．The channels to provide fraud-related information.

2 . “There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist, “that is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s statement and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are charged with corruption (腐败).

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse (分散的) “halo effect” its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble distinguishing these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions (起诉) under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

The study finds that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tend to get more lenient punishments. Their analysis rules out the possibility that it is the firm’s political influence, rather than its CSR stance, that accounts for the leniency: Companies that contribute more to political campaigns do not receive lower fines.

In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labor-rights concern, such as child labor, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.

Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are relying on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.

1. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with___________.

A．uncertainty

B．interest

C．approval

D．tolerance

2. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by___________.

A．guarding it against malpractices	B．protecting it from consumers
C．winning trust from consumers	D．raising the quality of its products

3. The underlined expression “more lenient” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___________.

A．less debatable

B．more lasting

C．more effective

D．less severe

4. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record___________.

A．comes across as reliable evidence	B．has an impact on their decision
C．is considered part of the investigation	D．increases the chance of being punished

3 . 课本原文填空。

Besides such ethical concerns, the legal situations the autonomous vehicle industry is likely to be confronted with have     1     heated debates. In this emerging industry, manufacturing and programming standards are not yet     2    . Moreover, the quality and safety of the technology used in self-driving cars is still being challenged. This could lead to extraordinary cases like who should be held     3     when self-driving cars are involved in accidents — should it be the driver, the software programmer or the manufacturer? Manufacturing and programming standards first have to be agreed upon to make it possible for law courts to decide who is at fault when things go wrong. As     4     in autonomous vehicle design and technology are in progress, the final agreement on laws and regulations     5     this industry remains to be seen.