解题方法
1 . 在某项投资过程中,本金为
,进行了
次投资后,资金为
,每次投资的比例均为x(投入资金与该次投入前资金比值),投资利润率为r(所得利润与当次投入资金的比值,盈利为正,亏损为负)的概率为P,在实际问题中会有多种盈利可能(设有n种可能),记利润率为
的概率为
(其中
),其中
,由大数定律可知,当N足够大时,利润率是
的次数为
.
(1)假设第1次投资后的利润率为
,投资后的资金记为
,求
与
的关系式;
(2)当N足够大时,证明:
(其中
);
(3)将该理论运用到非赢即输的游戏中,记赢了的概率为
,其利润率为
;输了的概率为
,其利润率为
,求
最大时x的值(用含有
的代数式表达,其中
).
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c41d793c851a2f72f787913ba23e459c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3a22baa009d2d45f6a37332ec3363285.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/903d7f7559c216e2516b9886c8f96008.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e60c0d3a709196db0791a93ed0db409.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bf99487d7860d017c0747ff966edfd77.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cad52924df9291d5d191d18e09374ee1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6cdff4a44b674e8060072b7326549bf0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e60c0d3a709196db0791a93ed0db409.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fdbd2aa0b04224ad335d43a53d81ae16.png)
(1)假设第1次投资后的利润率为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2858005b9ae89ae080d83dcc13cf8e81.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/97c01fdc7bc471af0b264a04aef0823e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/97c01fdc7bc471af0b264a04aef0823e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c41d793c851a2f72f787913ba23e459c.png)
(2)当N足够大时,证明:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f58c4f5f1d988a104655727aa501683c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cd8f40e552f049c19252845917375c17.png)
(3)将该理论运用到非赢即输的游戏中,记赢了的概率为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2708fa6298e52f617383efc175b71ddc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2858005b9ae89ae080d83dcc13cf8e81.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9b9cb8e6ff801523b0304576cd69fd2d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2b3e95410f3b4fcb0cba425b521d1f67.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5092000864ee720978d6d701c953a388.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1938c5439464042af3cbd35cf65be156.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85a89183e464e81e2c692ed239023ecd.png)
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名校
解题方法
2 . 伯努利不等式又称贝努力不等式,由著名数学家伯努利发现并提出.伯努利不等式在证明数列极限、函数的单调性以及在其他不等式的证明等方面都有着极其广泛的应用.伯努利不等式的一种常见形式为:当
时,
,当且仅当
或
时取等号.
(1)假设某地区现有人口
万,且人口的年平均增长率为
,以此增长率为依据,试判断
年后该地区人口的估计值是否能超过
万?
(2)数学上常用
表示
,
,
,
的乘积,
.
①证明:
;
②数列
,
满足:
,
,证明:
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ffb9a7b379a1c221a80a57ae335f5c2c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f7aa7d0c68906937a6392606de445d68.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0b550ee821ee1838384835e81fc34b67.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bb45f673c56a289ea78831c9237e8d20.png)
(1)假设某地区现有人口
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0efba7147f5b9ced8bc4a72f0a9fb8af.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3ba01d85cd57bded85cf3302538084bd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6f8c4c029e552954bd493b49aeab82d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c18ea011a4bce91e9f27c828b05b34eb.png)
(2)数学上常用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8cca374b4e6d3ebc183c5b21d4ea7220.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e72adb45c60c2f63b46e65ff787302bf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3e88093a749c0d46e0ee931ecfaff925.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/daa5e9bd516f6282483b92cfe6074623.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96abfe2da27a63e6affb19a0c80236d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a841d8525dad99ea07cc0f7eeb96aaa.png)
①证明:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e548f475d3b31274ea78bc7e06013da.png)
②数列
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/83cf38189d5cbf627d2b82ac0eb76006.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/034ba25825c13725931c483aa47c9363.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b80c1ed7b10ac7ca1cd81cdd39a8fcc0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ed2f1c445c8f1f9ab8055017beb6fdf3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7395787456de0be7174732f0d2939cf0.png)
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2024·山东·模拟预测
解题方法
3 . 如图①,将
个完全一样质量均匀长为
的长方体条状积木,一个叠一个,从桌子边缘往外延伸,最多能伸出桌缘多远而不掉下桌面呢?这就是著名的“里拉斜塔问题”.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/3/23/bc879c7d-8f43-4e6c-b6d8-ddd10ad2a335.png?resizew=507)
解决方案如下:如图②,若
,则当积木与桌缘垂直且积木重心
恰与桌缘齐平时,其伸出桌外部分最长为
,如图③,若
,欲使整体伸出桌缘最远,在保证所有积木最长棱与桌缘垂直的同时,可先将上面积木的重心与最下方的积木伸出桌外的最远端齐平,然后设最下方积木伸出桌外的长度为
,将最下方积木看成一个杠杆,将桌缘看成支点,由杠杆平衡原理可知,若积木恰好不掉下桌面,则上面积木的重力
乘以力臂
,等于最下方积木的重力
乘以力臂
,得出方程
,求出
.所以当叠放两个积木时,伸出桌外最远为
,此时将两个积木看成整体,其重心
恰与桌缘齐平.如图④,使前两块积木的中心
与下方的第三块积木伸出桌外的最远端齐平,便可求出
时积木伸出桌外的最远距离.依此方法,可求出4个、5个直至
个积木堆叠伸出桌外的最远距离.(参考数据:
,
为自然常数)
(1)分别求出
和
时,积木伸出桌外的最远距离.(用
表示);
(2)证明:当
时,积木伸出桌外最远超过
;
(3)证明:当
时,积木伸出桌外最远不超过
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b6a24198bd04c29321ae5dc5a28fe421.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/3/23/bc879c7d-8f43-4e6c-b6d8-ddd10ad2a335.png?resizew=507)
解决方案如下:如图②,若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c87b351f16728b0023fd63678f8103c7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f919bd3dde10dbbc076f7ec5149699.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b00c12002fe4b07e3f91c7ae5c9192dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cc2d3df37e73a8abea815f37dbb3fff5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/895dc3dc3a6606ff487a4c4863e18509.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/895dc3dc3a6606ff487a4c4863e18509.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dc11468f07d42dda1d7d51107aab02fe.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/18b4ed74387268c43450135937805101.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7050b91eacc62f73d872eeb628f3565c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2926c82d9ad9f5ba647c83fa3024f323.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3c4f6f74444b2b7947fc6e35c8d62322.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3c4f6f74444b2b7947fc6e35c8d62322.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be604061cf1591f7069472269d4c9719.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b6a24198bd04c29321ae5dc5a28fe421.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0af3a30b2f1dbc2fa12eb6759eee69d0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/041a7c8fc017f596542c5e6ec7d1c40b.png)
(1)分别求出
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be604061cf1591f7069472269d4c9719.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fac3649308b528fd56545ba102dc42d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
(2)证明:当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ca71b6d6fd74f098d1e78161820dd3b6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0d916a406adac9fa4dcfbad152547ac9.png)
(3)证明:当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/30589b25ca71883ec4a5d1824c243bad.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81731a804207d04115c15a16f3a27011.png)
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