In 1985, 16-year-old Douglas Casa, ran the championship 10,000 meter track race at the Empire State Games. Suddenly, with just 200 meters to go, he collapsed, got back up and then collapsed again on the final straightaway, with his body temperature at dangerous levels. He had suffered an exertional heat stroke(运动型中暑). Fortunately, with immediate and proper treatment, he survived the potentially deadly stage.
Exertional heat stroke is caused by severe exercise in the heat, and is one of the top three killers of athletes and soldiers in training. When you exercise, nearly 80% of the energy you use is transformed into heat. In normal circumstances, your body can give off the heat as quickly as it’s generated through cooling methods like the evaporation(蒸发) of sweat. But with severe heat stress, your body is unable to lose enough heat due to too much exercise, which raises your corer temperature beyond normal levels. The cells no longer function properly and begin to leak their contents. If these leaky cells increase rapidly through the body, the results can be destructive.
So how do you judge an exertional heat stroke? The main criterion is a core body temperature greater than 40°C observed along with physical signs of central nervous system disorder such as very confusing behaviors or even loss of their sense of self.
As far as treatment goes, the most important thing to remember is cool first, transport second. It’s essential to start rapid cooling on site in order to lower it as quickly as possible. After any athletic or protective device has been removed from the victim, place them in an ice water container, cooling as much surface area as possible. But before you start anything. emergency services should be called.
The sun is known for giving life, but it can also take life away if we’re not careful. But although exertional heat stroke is one of the top three leading causes of death in sports, it has been 100% survivable with proper care.
44. What is the function of the first paragraph?
A.To tell a story. | B.To present findings. |
C.To put forward a theory. | D.To lead to the main topic. |
45. What will happen to over—exercise in extremely hot weather?
A.There will be minor physical and mental injury. |
B.The heat in the body will be released with sweat. |
C.Misfunctioning cells will damage the body seriously. |
D.High body temperature will result in sweating more. |
46. What is the first step to save a person suffering an exertional heal stroke?
A.Rush him to the hospital. |
B.Call the emergency services. |
C.Cool him down with cold water. |
D.Take the equipment off the person. |
47. Which of the following reflects the statement about the sun in the last paragraph?
A.Time tries all things. | B.Every coin has two sides. |
C.Never judge by appearances. | D.Keep something for a rainy day. |