Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were not very valued because “everyone’s a winner”. And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation”.
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mindsets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work.
A fixed mindset is supported by the belief that talent(才能) is genetic -you’re a born artist or mathematician. The fixed mindset believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame(羞耻). When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame others, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
On the other hand, a growth mindset believes that no talent is entirely born and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊) isn’t the most important thing, the growth mindset sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, they are quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, they enjoy this experience.
We are all born with growth mindsets. Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world. But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mindsets by encouraging certain actions and misdirected praise. Dweck’s book, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
1. What does the author think about the generation born between 1980 and 2001?| A．They don’t do well at school. |
| B．They are often misunderstood. |
| C．They are eager to win in sports. |
| D．They are given too much praise. |
| A．doesn’t want to work hard |
| B．cares a lot about personal safety |
| C．cannot share his ideas with others |
| D．can succeed with the help of teachers |
| A．Admitting failure is shameful. |
| B．Talent comes with one’s birth. |
| C．Scores should be highly valued. |
| D．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable. |
| A．Encourage them to learn from failure. |
| B．Prevent them from making mistakes. |
| C．Guide them through the difficulty. |
| D．Help them grow with praise. |
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【推荐1】When it comes to academic achievement, intelligence is an important factor——but it is certainly not the only, or even the most important factor.
According to a new Australian study, personality is a better predictor of success in school than intelligence as measured by traditional standardized tests. Specifically, students who were more hard-working and opener perform better academically than those who were merely intelligent.
Australian researchers compared measurements of the Big Five personality traits (特性)——extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience——to college students’ grades and test scores. They asked students to complete personality self-assessment, and also asked others who knew the students well to complete assessments of them. They found that the students’ self-assessments were as effective as intelligence in predicting academic performance, and that the reports from those who knew them well were nearly four times more accurate in predicting academic performance than intelligence.
The researchers found that the factors of openness and conscientiousness had the largest influence on academic success, in agreement with previous research which has linked these two traits with various types of achievement Studies have shown openness to experience which has to do with intellectual curiosity, and how excited we get to acquire new information——to be the number-one predictor of creative achievement. Conscientiousness, on the other hand, is only one of the Big Five traits that is consistently predicting success.
“In practical terms, the amount of effort students are prepared to put in, and where that effort is focused, are at least as important as whether the students are smart,” the study’s lead author, Dr. Arthur Poropat of Griffith University’s School of Applied Psychology, said in a statement. “And a student with the most helpful personality will score a full grade higher than an average student in this regard.”
The findings come as an important reminder that children who may not be considered “smart” by traditional measures may still become highly successful through their own efforts. And since personality may be more malleable (可塑的) than intellectual capability, helping struggling students develop beneficial personality traits——particularly intellectual curiosity and a strong sense of work responsibility——may be a powerful means of improving academic performance. Fortunately, high-IQ students who struggle more with attitude and social skills can also learn to develop these qualities.
“Personality does change and some educators indeed have trained aspects of students’ conscientiousness and openness, leading them to greater learning capacity,” Poropat said in the statement. “By contrast, there is little evidence that intelligence can be ‘taught’, despite the popularity of brain-training apps.”
1. According to the passage, intelligence ________.| A．is one of the Big Five personality traits |
| B．has a great influence on success in school |
| C．plays a decisive role in academic performance |
| D．is more accurate than personality in predicting success |
| A．Students didn’t make self-assessments seriously. |
| B．Intelligence accurately predicted academic performance. |
| C．Students’ self-assessments are not related to their intelligence. |
| D．Assessments done by others are more reliable than self-assessments. |
| A．Intelligence. | B．Responsibility. | C．Openness. | D．Conscientiousness. |
| A．high-IQ students have good personality traits |
| B．intelligence can be developed with brain-training apps |
| C．personality-training may help unintelligent students achieve success |
| D．openness and conscientiousness aren’t very important to smart children |
【推荐2】Nowadays, social media is flooded with stranger and stranger food and wellness trends. One of them may well be shared images of black ice cream with activated charcoal (活性炭) in it. Besides, you’ll find activated charcoal in pizza crusts, burger buns, cold-pressed juices and cocktails. At your local drugstore, you’ll see it in cleansers, shampoos and toothpaste.
The charcoal in activated charcoal is created by burning carbon-rich materials such as wood, bamboo, coconut shells and olive pits, transforming them into a concentrated black substance. Then the charcoal is “activated” by steaming it at high temperatures, which opens up its carbon structure and makes it have many small holes that can stick unpleasant substances (dirt, oil, bacteria) on its surface.
“There’s no scientific evidence for the ‘detox’ action—the process of removing harmful substances from one’s body, the claimed health benefits of such diets. It doesn’t hurt you, but it doesn’t have the claimed effect”, says registered dietitian Abby Langer. “Over the last several years, Japanese and Korean beauty rituals have entered the North American cosmetic market. Activated charcoal has long been used in those countries as a purifying ingredient”, says Dr. Dennis Orgill, medical director at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “There is no clinical evidence for the effectiveness of activated charcoal as a beauty ingredient. Likewise, there is no good evidence showing that using charcoal will make your breath fresher or teeth whiter.” From my perspective, the reason for its recent popularity is that marketers know we’re suckers for anything novel. The Canadian Dental Association wouldn’t recommend using charcoal products because they have no demonstrated health benefits, and they may even be too rough and damaging to your enamel (牙釉质). If you’re seeking brighter skin, and a whiter smile, drinking plenty of water every day and eating high-fibre foods is a better way to go.
1. What do we know about activated charcoal?| A．It serves well as a health ingredient. | B．It is widely criticized in social media. |
| C．It is added to food and other products. | D．It exists in nature and can be exploited directly. |
| A．Activated charcoal has the “detox” action it promises. |
| B．Evidence of the health and beauty functions hasn’t been found. |
| C．North Americans have created and used activated charcoal for long. |
| D．Japanese and Korean beauty rituals have won high praise in North America. |
| A．We’d like to follow the tradition. | B．We are easily persuaded by others. |
| C．We’d believe in the medical experts. | D．We are extremely crazy about new things. |
| A．Positive. | B．Negative. | C．Indifferent. | D．Uncertain. |
【推荐3】After a few weeks when the Omicron variant (奥密克戎变体) of the coronavirus (冠状病毒) seemed to infect (传染) everyone including the vaccinated and boosted, the United States is finally seeing encouraging signs.
As cases decline in some parts of the country, many people have begun to hope that this surge (急剧上升) is the last big battle with the virus-that because of its unique characteristics, the Omicron variant will usher (引领) American out of the pandemic (流行病).
The variant spiked in South Africa and Britain, and then fell off quickly. Twitter is excited about charts showing declining virus levels in sewage in Boston and San Francisco. On Monday, the top European regional official of the World Health Organization suggested that Omicron offers reasonable hope for “stabilization and normalization”.
“Things are looking good,” a top adviser on the pandemic, said on Sunday. “We don’t want to get overconfident, but they look like they’re going in the right direction right now.”
What’s driving the optimism? The idea is that so many people are gaining immunity through vaccination or infection with Omicron that soon the coronavirus will be unable to find a foothold (立足点) in our communities, and will disappear from our lives.
But in interviews with more than a dozen epidemiologists, immunologists and evolutionary biologists, the course of the virus in the United States appeared more complicated-and a bit less rosy.
“By infecting so many people, Omicron undoubtedly brings us closer to the end of the pandemic,” they said. The current surge in infections is falling back, and there is reason to hope that hospitalizations and deaths will follow.
The path to normalcy (常态) may be short and direct-the goal just weeks away, and horrific surges may become a thing of the past. Or it may be long and bumpy, pockmarked with outbreaks over the coming months to years as the virus continues to find footing.
1. What do we know about the pandemic according to Paragraph 2?| A．Cases decline in most parts of America! |
| B．Many people expect sudden increases will remain for some time. |
| C．Omicron is different from other variants of the virus. |
| D．American people are tired of fighting against the virus. |
| A．The virus levels in sewage in the world will stay stable. |
| B．The top adviser was overconfident about the direction. |
| C．All the people in the U.S. will gain immunity. |
| D．The number of people infected with Omicron in the U.S. is falling. |
| A．The road to normalcy is short and direct. |
| B．The road to normalcy is long and bumpy. |
| C．It is uncertain. |
| D．It will never end. |
| A．Omicron is loosening its hold, but the pandemic has not ended. |
| B．Omicron is getting worse, but the pandemic will end |
| C．Omicron is a variant of the coronavirus |
| D．Omicron-human’s last big battle with the coronavirus |
【推荐1】When you are choosing a college, a lot of factors will probably play into your decision: the school’s reputation, the classes offered and the professor in your major, to name a few. However, given the ever-increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all their students. Here are some of the fun “extras” offered by the school.
Michigan Technological University
Taking advantage of the cold winter weather, Michigan Technological University sets itself apart with its on-campus ski resort, Mont Ripley, which is accessible and free for all students. Instead of hitting the campus gym, you'll be able to get your exercise outside on the slopes. When the pressure of school become too much, just head out for a day of free skiing and you'll be left feeling fully refreshed.
University of Missouri
At the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus recreational centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach" complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as an inexpensive full-service spa. Even if you don't enjoy working out, Missouri's recreational center will give you a reason to go to the gym.
New York University
If you're a fan of museum, NYU is the perfect university for you. Not only will you be located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will provide you with access to many of them. You can take advantage of visiting museums anytime you want — which means you'll never be bored on the weekends.High Point University
If you see yourself quickly tired of dining-hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University has a great option: a private steakhouse for students. Besides the cheap steaks, the campus also offers ice cream from a campus ice-cream truck, a movie theater and a shopping center.
1. Who is the text intended for?| A．The general public. | B．College freshmen. |
| C．Educational experts. | D．High school students. |
| A．Michigan Technological University. | B．University of Missouri. |
| C．New York University. | D．High Point University. |
| A．To make the campus life more colorful. | B．To draw more students’ interest in schools. |
| C．To improve students’ academic performance. | D．To promote the cooperation among universities. |
【推荐2】It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia — where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part — other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia (安乐死). In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says.
1. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.| A．the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries |
| B．physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia |
| C．changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law |
| D．it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage |
| A．observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia |
| B．similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries |
| C．observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes |
| D．the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop |
| A．face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia |
| B．experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient |
| C．have an intense fear of terrible suffering |
| D．undergo a cooling off period of seven days |
| A．opposition | B．suspicion | C．approval | D．indifference |
【推荐3】A new suburban neighborhood, Oberbillwerder, is being planned just 15-minute outside of Hamburg. It has all the facilities that most neighborhoods have except driveways and cars. Unlike typical American suburbs where houses have driveways and a garage, this community isn’t banning cars but you will not be able to park at home, and you may not want to drive at all.
Karres en Brands is a Dutch design company that is working with the Danish firm Adept on this new community that will have 7,000 homes and 5,000 office spaces. The new planned development will have schools, stores and offices that residents can walk or bike to on the green loops (圈) that connect the neighborhoods with public spaces.
The parking structures will feature ground level community spaces like gyms and indoor farming. These parking areas will also store and collect energy for the community and as demand for parking spaces decrease, the developers expect them to evolve into new structures.
Oberbillwerder will be an exciting urban area that will be built around the existing landscape and will include a series of canals in low lying areas. The water system will become one of the central qualities of the new community. This combines nature instead of blocking or changing it to fit a traditional neighborhood. The community will also be energy neutral and use the most environmental technologies including reusing waste water, green roofs, and farming space for residents who want to grow their own food.
The developers expect to break ground in 2025 and the entire project is expected to be completed by 2040 according to Fast Company. While most people will be driving electric cars by then, this urban plan is more about a more natural use of space and better quality of life rather than just about reducing greenhouse gases from car emissions.
1. What can residents do in the new planned community?| A．Drive cars. | B．Take buses. | C．Walk dogs. | D．Go biking. |
| A．The parking areas. | B．Ground spaces. | C．Parking decrease. | D．Indoor farming. |
| A．The existing canals will be kept. | B．Energy will be provided for free. |
| C．The water system will be a bright spot. | D．Growing food will be forbidden completely. |
| A．Live better. | B．Lower costs. | C．Have more water. | D．Rid car emissions. |
If you are in the presence of a shy person, talking and asking casual (随意的) questions may bring him out of his shell. Think of what would be most acceptable to the other person, for you to talk, or to listen. Either way the goal is to make yourself pleasant.
Always remember to listen, but listen intelligently. To have anyone “hang on our words” is the most unnoticeably clever way in the world to please somebody. For a few extremely happy seconds we are the center of attraction, but when it is our turn to be audience, let us remember how we felt as the actor, and let’s be genuinely (真正地) interested in what the other fellow is saying.
Other people will like us, if we like them. If you want friends, keep your mind and heart open to friendship. Be alive to the other person’s world.
1. This passage is mainly about ________.
| A．the ways of talking to a shy person |
| B．some favorable qualities to be a psychologist |
| C．how to make yourself attractive to your listeners |
| D．how to make a friend and be a friend |
| A．make him become active |
| B．make him feel more nervous |
| C．help him understand the question better |
| D．help him listen intelligently |
| A．attract them | B．be attracted |
| C．listen attentively | D．talk widely |
【推荐2】Summer Fun at Happy Kids’ Learning Centre
Are you looking for something that can add color to your summer holiday? If yes, here are the summer courses that you cannot miss!
Children Can Cook
The course is to improve children's knowledge in the kitchen. They will learn basic cooking skills, kitchen safety, and how to buy proper ingredients （原料）and follow steps in recipes （食 谱）.Children can sit comfortably and eat what they have cooked at the end of each lesson.
Little Writers
The course is divided into two parts. In the first part, children are introduced to famous stories and their writers. In the second part, they are taught to write their own stories. Children also get the chance to write other text types, such as poems and plays.
Acting for Fun
This is a course that lets children enjoy the fun of acting. Through acting and speaking in front of people, children will be more confident. Parents are welcome to watch the performance given by the children at the end of the course.
Watercolor Painting
This course teaches children the basic skills of painting people and animals. We encourage children to watch, imagine and create their own works.
1. How many parts are there in the writing course?| A．One part. | B．Two parts. |
| C．Three parts. | D．Four parts. |
| A．Acting for Fun. | B．Watercolor Painting. |
| C．Little Writers. | D．Children Can Cook. |
| A．Cook a meal for their parents. |
| B．Act with their parents in public. |
| C．Read more books during the holiday. |
| D．Attend activities at the learning centre. |
【推荐3】Recalling their college days,friends Miguel Amaro,Ben Grech and Mariano Kostelec all say that their biggest problem was finding somewhere to live in the first place.
As an international student from Argentina,Mariano had to pay 12 months’ rent in advance to get his place in London.Dutchman Miguel booked some super-expensive residence in Nottingham because he didn’t know any better.Ben from the UK was looking around the streets of Nottingham knocking on doors trying to find a place.
A year after graduating from their own separate universities,the three men realized that there was a business opportunity.They came up with a plan to create an online marketplace matching students with accommodation(住处)。So in 2011 the three started work on their business and website Uniplaces.
They invested around E50,000.Later that year they won first round funding of 200,0000 euros led by the founder of UK property website Zoopla.
From there it was down to business,getting a permanent office in Lisbon,Portugal and persuading landlords(房东)to join the site and checking properties(房产)。The Uniplaces website was then officially launched in 2013,with an initial 50 properties in the Portuguese capital listed on the site.
Mariano,28,says,”We picked Lisbon as our first city as it totally made sense to stay here It is a low cost,good location with access to great talent such as good engineers,and people with excellent language skills,which is great when dealing with so many international students.”
Students using Uniplaces pay one month’s rent in advance via the website,and the sum goes through to the landlord 24 hours after they move in.I hereafter they pay directly to the landlord.Uniplaces takes a service fee of 20%-25%of the student’s first month’s rent
Since its launch,three million nights have been booked through the platform.which currently lists over 40,000 properties.The company has now employed 132 employees
Incomes grew four times in 2016 compared to the previous year.But it hasn’t been all smooth for the three entrepreneurs(创业者)。
1. What is the possible relationship among the three people?| A．Classmates. |
| B．Roommates. |
| C．Competitors. |
| D．Partners. |
| A．rent rooms for the tourists |
| B．sell properties for the landlords |
| C．evaluate properties for residents |
| D．find accommodation for students |
| A．Advantages of making full use of the Internet. |
| B．The development of the company in the future. |
| C．Obstacles in the course of running the business. |
| D．The trend of the online accommodation industry. |
【推荐1】The data shows that there is a gender imbalance of twenty million more men than women under thirty in China. You would think that so many suitably bachelors out there that any young Chinese woman could have her pick. But the fact is that there are many "Shinny" in China. Media reports say there may be as many as 500,000 "Shinny" in the capital.
The term “Shinny”, directly translated as “leftover women", refers to peculated women in their late twenties who are still single. Quite simply, "no" means women and "sheen" means left over but, depending on how you look at it, "sheen" can also man successful. Some believe that the phrase was invented as a play on words to mean that "shinny" is actually a positive way to portray being a single, successful woman.
"Shinny" are pioneers in modern day China. They are able to enjoy their success in big cities with very little restriction. They are aware of the pressure society puts on them to get married but they are all highly educated and financially independent therefore there is not an immediate need to find a husband to support them.
Chinese people often think males should be higher in a relationship in every sense, including height, age, education and salary. This leads to a phenomenon in which A-grade men marry B-grade women, B-grade men marry C-Grade women and C-grade man marry D-grade women. Only A-grade women and D-grade men can't find partners. Apparently, if you are an "A-grade" woman, finding a husband better than you(a must in Chinese culture apparently) is hard to do.
These women are “leftover" because they are "too successful" and therefore have high standards when it comes to picking their lifelong partners. They are free and able to live independently, which was not so possible for previous generations. Right now it seems family guilt is the only real factor contributing to decreasing China's "Shinny" population, as daughters give in to the demands of their families. As China rapidly modernizes, the term "Shinny" may even develop into a wholly positive label.
1. The underlined part in Paragraph I implies that Chinese young women| A．will be picked up by single young men | B．will become "Shinny" in large numbers |
| C．have a wide range of choices for husbands | D．prefer to stay in the capital of the country |
| A．They are educated in the capital. | B．They are almost thirty years old. |
| C．They prefer to be single women. | D．They are successful in business. |
| A．are pincers in modern society | B．have no restriction in life |
| C．bear no pressure from society | D．don't need to depend on others |
| A．Because they can't fad wives of higher grades. |
| B．Because they have different education backgrounds. |
| C．Because Chinese culture requires them to do so. |
| D．Because men won't marry successful women. |
| A．They may become positive images. | B．They may become more successful. |
| C．They will have higher standards for partners. | D．They will ignore the demands of their Israelis. |
【推荐2】A Powerisers
The ability to jump two meters in the air may not be something you have thought too much about. And most people have never considered running at 30 kilometers an hour. But just stop for a moment and think about how our new product could change your life.
Your daily journey to your place of work is probably a mad dash for the bus. There is no point in taking your car because there are traffic jams, and anyway the car parks are probably very expensive or, worse still, full. Here is where Powerisers can help. It takes just a couple of minutes to put them on and then you are away, going past others or even jumping over the object which blocks your way.
That is the practical use for our product, but then there is sport and exercise. Powerisers are set to be the next extreme sport and the deep-fit tools. You can imagine the 100 meters, the high jump or basketball performed by athletes wearing Powerisers. And what better way to build your muscles and keep fit?
Our product is very simple. It is powered by a superlight spring, which uses the gravitational(重力的) pull from your body weight and pushes you with superhuman strength. There have been no records of serious injury related to the use of Powerisers, but extreme caution is recommended. We strongly advise the wearing of protective clothing, including at least a helmet(头盔).
Powerisers make you feel as if you were walking on the moon. Now we make two different models: Basic and Professional. The Basic model is designed for the occasional users and costs around $ 500. The Professional model, which is designed for the competitive use, has a strongly-made structure and different springs, though that comes at the increased price of $800. Our Powerisers are guaranteed for two years and will be replaced without question if they fail during that period. That is how confident we are.
1. According to the passage, Powerisers can help you ______.| A．get on the bus | B．jump over blocks |
| C．relax hard muscles | D．lift heavy weights |
| A．prevent them from being injured |
| B．provide them with superhuman strength |
| C．Offer them the feeling of walking on the moon |
| D．Bring them good results in competitive situations |
| A．To advertise a sports product. |
| B．To show advantages of taking exercise |
| C．To explain basic principles of Powerisers. |
| D．To introduce the development of Powerisers |
【推荐3】Elderly people may struggle to sleep as well as they did during their youth because they start to lose part of the brain that helps them fall asleep, scientists believe. There seem to be two main difficulties: falling asleep at the start of the night and then waking up too early in the morning—yet finding it almost impossible to get back to sleep.
Researchers have found out a group of cells in the human brain which block off conscious(有意识的) thoughts, allowing us to sleep. They think these neurons(神经元) gradually break up as we age, leading to greater sleep problems in later life.
Clifford Saper, a professor from Harvard Medical School in the US who led the research, said, “On average, a person in his 70s has about one hour less sleep per night than a person in his 20s. The loss of these neurons with aging may be an important reason why older people often face sleep interruptions.”
Professor Saper's team discovered a group of neurons—the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus(腹外侧视前核)—were functioning as a sleep switch in rats. They then found the same process was happening in humans. The cells turned off the brain's arousal(唤醒) systems to enable the animals to fall asleep.
Professor Saper said, “Our experiments in animals showed that the loss of these neurons produced severe sleeplessness, with animals sleeping only about 50 percent as much as normal and their remaining sleep being interrupted.” A group of ventrolateral preoptic nuclei in the human brain are found in a similar location and have the same chemical makeup as that found in rats.
The researchers analyzed data from 45 elderly people and found people with fewer neurons in the “sleep switch” area were more likely to have sleepless nights.
“The fewer the neurons, the more broken the sleep became. These findings provide the first evidence that the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus in humans probably plays a key role in causing sleep. These results may, therefore, lead to new methods to deal with sleep problems in the elderly，” Professor Saper said.
1. One sleeping problem the elderly people have is that ________.| A．they can't fall asleep at night |
| B．they often wake up too early in the morning |
| C．they can't fall asleep till late into the night |
| D．they often have terrible dreams while asleep |
| A．The elderly usually have fewer ventrolateral preoptic nuclei than the young. |
| B．On average, a person in his 70s has only about one hour's sleep per night. |
| C．One's sleep quality is closely connected with the living environment. |
| D．The rats in the experiment suffered from serious sleeping difficulty. |
| A．introduce ways to deal with sleeping trouble |
| B．help the elderly improve their sleep quality |
| C．explain the main difficulties that the elderly have |
| D．inform readers of the findings of an experiment |
