The next time a giant Big Mac or Coke flashes into your mind when you’re walking home from the pub, you may not simply have the snacks. And that picture of the model putting on Chanel — no, you’re not daydreaming.
A British startup has created a new advertising system that uses lasers to project images up to 200 metres tall from the sides of tall buildings, enabling advertisers to reach people from virtual billboards(广告牌)in the sky. Passers-by will see each image for only between one tenth and quarter of a second, as their eye eye catches the light from certain angles.
Advertising agencies and big businesses have already signalled their interest, but Skyline campaigners have branded the technology “greedy” and said that it could fill our skies with showy and tasteless brands.
The Echo system, from Lightvert, uses a high laser projector to bounce light off a narrow reflective strip fixed to the side of a building, visible up to 1km away. This creates large-scale images that are captured briefly in the viewer’s eye as a result of the “persistence of vision” effect: the same effect that leaves an imprint of a light source on your vision after you’ve turned away.
Daniel Siden, the technology’s inventor, explained: People often think this could be subversive, but it’s not subliminal advertising(隐性广告)as the imagery registers on the conscious level. It’s actually less invasive and more fun than traditional advertising. Mr.Siden said that planning experts have indicated that planning permission should not be a problem outside of conservation area. He said that the system was safe because of the distance between the projector and passers by. And images would be above the line of sight of drivers and cyclists
and below the field of vision of airline pilot. The images have been tested and shown not to cause epileptic seizures(癫痫发作).
Because it uses only one strip of reflected light, the system needs a small amount of the power, about one-twentieth of a standard 96-sheet digital outdoor display for an image of the same height.
The owners of high-rise properties could use the system to make large returns from installing the laser projector and reflective strip. The company puts the cost of a unit measuring 100 metres at under £750,000, based on the present design, anticipating that costs will drop.
Still, some Skyline campaigners dislike the technology and believe it delivers subliminal advertising. Barbara Weiss of the Skyline Campaign, said: “It’s actually offensive. London’s latest tall buildings are not particularly well-built or well designed, but unfortunately people are forced to look at them. Adding stupid advertising that’s invasive in its nature will only make it worse.”
1. Why does the writer cite the example of Big Mac, Coke and Chanel in paragraph 1?A.Because he attempts to promote these products to potential consumers. |
B.Because he studies the association between products and images in advertising. |
C.Because he tries to illustrate the effectiveness of flashing images of advertised goods. |
D.Because he wants to introduce a new advertising technology to readers. |
A.Pedestrians can see the flashing images on one side of the building from specific angles. |
B.The system is composed of a laser projector, a reflective strip and a physical billboard. |
C.The image lasts between one tenth and quarter of a second in vision even if you turn away. |
D.It’s a new advertising system developed by a time-honored British company. |
A.Subconscious | B.trouble making |
C.harmless | D.imaginative |
A.Environmentalists worried about energy consumption. |
B.Drivers, cyclists and pilots whose sight might be affected. |
C.The Skyline Campaign regarding the image as flashy. |
D.The patients who suffer from epileptic seizures. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Tiny microbes(微生物) are at the heart of a new agricultural technique to manage harmful greenhouse gas. Scientists have discovered how microbes can be used to turn carbon dioxide into soil-enriching limestone(石灰石), with the help of a type of tree that grows in tropical areas, such as West Africa.
Researchers have found that when the Iroko tree is grown in dry, acidic soil and treated with a combination of natural fungi(霉菌) and other bacteria, not only does the tree grow well, it also produces the mineral limestone in the soil around its root.
The Iroko tree makes a mineral by combining Ca from the earth with CO2 from the atmosphere. The bacteria then create the conditions under which this mineral turns into limestone. The discovery offers a new way to lock carbon into the soil, keeping it out of the atmosphere. In addition to storing carbon in the trees’ leaves and in the form of limestone, the mineral in the soil makes it more suitable for agriculture.
The discovery could lead to reforestation(重新造林) projects in tropical countries, and help reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in the developing world. It has already been used in West Africa and is being tested in Bolivia, Haiti and India.
The findings were made in a three-year project involving researchers from the Universities of Edinburgh, Granada, Lausanne and Delft University of Technology. The project examined several microbiological methods of locking CO2 as limestone, and the Iroko-bacteria way showed best results. Work was funded by the European Commission under the Future&Emerging Technologies(FET) scheme.
Dr Bryne Ngwenya of the University of Edinburgh’s School of GeoSciences, who led the research, said:“By taking advantage of this natural limestone-producing process, we have a low-tech, safe, readily employed and easily operating way to lock carbon out of the atmosphere, while improving farming conditions in tropical countries.”
1. The passage is mainly introducing ________.A.some useful natural fungi and bacteria |
B.a new way to deal with greenhouse gas |
C.a newly-found tree in West Africa |
D.the soil-enriching limestone created by scientists |
A.Most tiny microbes like living in dry, acidic soil. |
B.CO2 can be broken down by natural fungi and bacteria. |
C.The more greenhouse gas is, the more active tiny microbes become. |
D.Tiny microbes get along well with the Iroko tree in special soil. |
A.Carbon dioxide. |
B.Carbon. |
C.Soil. |
D.Limestone. |
A.The action of the tiny microbes can increase the oxygen in the earth. |
B.Researchers have done the experiment on trees in Africa for three years. |
C.Researchers tend to use natural power to solve their problem. |
D.West Africa is one of the most polluted areas all over the world. |
A.can be used to improve the farming land |
B.can save a lot of seriously destroyed woods |
C.has been popularized in Bolivia, Haiti and India |
D.should be spread all around the world in the future |
【推荐2】By the age of seven months, most children have learned that objects still exist even when they are out of sight. Put a toy under a blanket and a child that old will know it is still there, and that he can reach underneath the blanket to get it back. This understanding, of “object permanence”, is a normal developmental milestone, as well as a basic tenet of reality. It is also something that self-driving cars do not have. And that is a problem. For a self-driving car, a bicycle that is momentarily hidden by a passing van is a bicycle that has ceased to exist.
This failing is basic to the now-widespread computing discipline that has arrogated to itself the slightly misleading moniker of artificial intelligence (AI). Current AI, based on the idea of machine learning, works by building up complex statistical models of the world, but it lacks a deeper understanding of reality. Similar techniques are used to train self-driving cars to operate in traffic. Cars thus learn how to obey lane markings, avoid other vehicles, hit the brakes at a red light and so on. But they do not understand many things a human driver takes for granted—that other cars on the road have engines and four wheels, or that they obey traffic regulations (usually) and the laws of physics (always). And they do not understand object permanence.
In a recent paper in Artificial Intelligence, Mehul Bhatt of Orebro University, in Sweden, describes a different approach. He and his colleagues took some existing AI programs which are used by self-driving cars and bolted onto them a piece of software called a symbolic-reasoning engine.
Instead of approaching the world probabilistically, as machine learning does, this software was programmed to apply basic physical concepts to the output of the programs that process signals from an autonomous vehicle's sensors. This modified output was then fed to the software which drives the vehicle. The concepts involved included the ideas that discrete objects continue to exist over time, that they have spatial relationships with one another-such as “in-front-of” and “behind”—and that they can be fully or partly visible, or completely hidden by another object. The improvement was not huge, but it proved the principle. And it also yielded something else. For, unlike a machine-learning algorithm, a reasoning engine can tell you the reason why it did what it did. A machine-learning program cannot do that. Besides helping improve program design, such information will, Dr Bhatt reckons, help regulators and insurance companies. It may thus speed up public acceptance of autonomous vehicles.
1. Why does the author mention a bicycle hidden by a van in the first paragraph?A.To show the self-driving car isn't as able to know an object permanently exists as a 7-month-old child. |
B.To make a comparison between a self-driving car and a bicycle that can for a moment cease to exist. |
C.To consolidate the problem a self-driving car has as opposed to a 7-month-old child. |
D.To verify the fact that a self-driving car isn't as intelligent as a 7-month-old child. |
A.It fails as a misleading computing discipline used on self-driving cars. |
B.It basically works on machine learning which is effective to train cars how to operate in traffic. |
C.It is not that intelligent compared with the real human intelligence, hence the name AI. |
D.It can teach cars many things except the reasons why they have engines and four wheels. |
A.When an accident is around the corner, the car automatically alarms the driver. |
B.If the car momentarily blocked the sight of another, it could predict and take steps to avoid bumping. |
C.The car can make up reasons for hitting the brakes when a bicycle hidden by a van is about to appear. |
D.When you are at a loss how you can make it to the destination, the car can always figure out the best route. |
A.Is reasoning-engine better than machine learning? |
B.Is it smarter than a seven-month-old? |
C.Al---a misleading moniker |
D.The self-reflection of a self-driving car |
【推荐3】If you live in Washington, D. C., or Redwood, Calif., you may have glimpsed a small, boxy robot rolling along a local sidewalk, minding it’s own business, but attracting the attention of many a curious onlooker. The autonomous machines were part of a pilot program last year by Starship Technologies focused on delivering meals from local restaurants in dozens of cities around the world.
“Today, more than ever, people lead a busy and diverse life,” Lex Bayer, Starship’s CEO, said in a statement online. “The hassle of needing to rearrange your life for a delivery will become a thing of the past. You don’t have to switch your working from home day, reschedule meetings, visit a locker, drive to a post office or contact a deliveryman all because of a missed delivery.”
The package delivery service is not available to everyone just yet. The company said it’s rolling out the service in Milton Keynes, England. The wheeled robots have a top speed of 4 mph and can detect obstacles from as far as 30 feet away. “The robot can operate through just about anything,” Nick Handrick, head of operations for Starship’s D. C. office, told The Washington Post's Maura Judkis last year. “If you had something in the way—a stick—it’s able to climb the edges of a road.”
By giving customers control of when deliveries occur, Starship Technologies is offering its service as a way to battle package theft. In its announcement, the company cited statistics from a Wakefield Research Poll for Comcast last year that found that 3 in 10 Americans who live in houses or townhouses have had packages stolen.
To sign up for the service, which costs a little more than $10 per month, customers need to download the company's app. Customers then create a “Starship Delivery Address,” a unique address inside a Starship facility, instead of a residence, where they can have packages sent from places such as Amazon, com. Once a package is delivered to the Starship address, customers receive a text that allows them to schedule a home delivery via robot.
1. Which can best replace the underlined word “hassle” in paragraph 2?A.failure | B.expectation | C.safety | D.trouble |
A.There is a limit to its service area. |
B.It takes longer to deliver packages. |
C.It covers a short distance each time. |
D.It can’t sense the barriers 20 feet away. |
A.The company shortens the delivery hour. |
B.The package is delivered to the house directly. |
C.Its delivery time is in the control of customers. |
D.The customers are informed of its delivery time in advance. |
A.It is a real home address of the customers. |
B.It can arrange delivery robots for the customers. |
C.It is a cheaper solution to the delivery of packages. |
D.It sends the packages mainly to some shopping platforms. |
【推荐1】What defines who we are? Our habits? Our tastes? Our memories? I would say it must be my deep-seated sense of right and wrong.
And yet, like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that I’m a slightly different person in each of my languages — more confident in English, more relaxed in French. Is it possible that my moral compass also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using?
Several recent psychological studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas, they do respond differently when considering them in their native and foreign tongue.
In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is dashing toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can shift the trolley to a different set of tracks, thereby sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?
Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very reluctant (不情愿的) to say they would do this. But Costa and his colleagues found that posing the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their willingness, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.
Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing modes of thinking — one of these, a quick, gut-level “feeling,” and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more deliberate mode simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language cues our cognitive (认知) system to prepare for strenuous (费力的) activity. An alternative explanation is because our childhood languages change with greater emotional intensity than do those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less burdened with the emotional reactions.
What then is a multilingual (多语言的) person’s true “moral self”? Is it my moral memories? Or is it the reasoning I’m able to apply when free of such unconscious restrictions? Or perhaps, as the research implies, regardless of how many languages we speak: that our moral compass is a combination of the earliest forces that have shaped us and the ways in which we escape them.
1. In the author’s opinion, it is your_____that defines who you are.A.habit |
B.taste |
C.memory |
D.morality |
A.most volunteers agree to pull the switch |
B.most volunteers attempt to push a stranger off a footbridge |
C.20% of the volunteers choose to shift the tracks of the trolley |
D.50% of the volunteers are reluctant to kill the five people on the tracks |
A.make decisions unconsciously in a foreign language |
B.take more time to make decisions in a foreign language |
C.learn a lot about academic settings in their native language |
D.are more likely to be influenced by emotions in their native language |
A.What is Our True Moral Self |
B.How Languages Shape People’s Personality |
C.What is the Key Factor in Decision Making |
D.How Morality Changes in a Foreign Language |
【推荐2】Art has always been a polarizing(分化的)subject.Some people like realism,others like abstract.But do you know why some people value art in the millions,while others see the same piece as little more than a child’s finger painting?
Many consider art to be quite random in terms of our likes and dislikes.But according to new research,there may actually be a scientific reason behind our fondness for certain works.The answer lies in how a person’s brain breaks down the visuals(视觉效果)of a painting combined with their judgment.
To prove their theory,neuroscientist(神经科学家)Kiyohito Iigaya and his team from the California Institute of Technology(Caltech)gathered more than 1,300 volunteers and asked them to rate 825 different paintings from four different art genres(类型).
After analyzing the data,scientists found that the same groups of people tended to prefer similar aspects of the same paintings.These characteristics were then grouped into“low-level”features like color and blending,and“high-level”features like the emotion behind the painting.
From this experiment,Caltech’s system was then able to predict an individual’s specific taste in art and organize different works into one group,according to the paintings’features and volunteers’preferences.
In a second test,researchers repeated the experiment on six volunteers,showing each 1,000 paintings while inside an MRI—a machine that scans a person’s brain activity.The test revealed(揭示)that the different features of a painting are sent to the part of the brain that deals with valuing items,allowing someone to form their overall opinion.
Finally,the team repeated the first test on new volunteers.Again,the algorithm(算法)was able to accurately predict individuals’art preferences.According to Iigaya,this shows that the factors that contribute to whether a person likes an image are universal,not random.
Lesley Fellows,a neurologist at McGill University who studies value judgments,stated,“We know a lot about‘how’the brain carries out actions,but‘why’is far less well understood.”
1. What did the Caltech team try to discover?A.What kinds of artwork appeal to people. |
B.Why only some people value art. |
C.Whether an individual’s preference for art is predictable. |
D.Whether one’s mood influences their opinion of artwork. |
A.Some features of paintings were categorized(分类). |
B.It helped decide the types of paintings to be used. |
C.Part of the brain to process paintings was identified. |
D.Volunteers were grouped based on their response. |
A.The brain reacted differently to different paintings. |
B.MRIs influence people’s opinion of paintings. |
C.Individuals have different valuing systems in their brain. |
D.A certain part of the brain helps people judge paintings. |
A.To question the Caltech team’s research. |
B.To approve of the research on why we make value judgments. |
C.To show there is still a lot left to learn about the brain. |
D.To point out the focus of the future brain research. |
【推荐3】AI that Sees like Humans
For most of the past 30 years computer-vision technologies have struggled to perform well, even in tasks as boring as accurately recognizing faces in photographs.
Recent progress in a deep- learning approach known as a convolutional neural network(CNN) is key to the latest progress.
CNNS do not need to be programmed to recognized specific features in images--- for example, the shape and size of an animal’s ears.
CNNS were made possible by the tremendous progress in graphic processing units and parallel processing in the past decade. But the Internet has made a big difference as well by feeding CNNs’ appetite for digitized images.
A.Once trained, a CNN can easily decide whether a new image of an animal shows a breed of interest. |
B.Instead, they are taught to spot features such as these on their own. |
C.Recently, though, breakthroughs in deep learning have finally enabled computers to interpret many kinds of images as successfully as, or better than, people do. |
D.To give a simple example of its power, consider image of animals. |
E.Computers-vision systems powered by deep learning are being developed for range of applications. |
F.It excels because it is better able to learn, and draw inferences from telling patterns in the images |
【推荐1】In a recent series of experiments at the University of California, researchers studied toddlers’ thinking about winners and losers, bullies (欺凌) and victims.
In the first experiment, toddlers (学步儿童) watched a scene in which two puppets (木偶) had conflicting goals: One was crossing a stage from right to left, and the other from left to right. The puppets met in the middle and stopped. Eventually one puppet bowed down and moved aside, letting the other one pass by. Then researchers asked the toddlers which puppet they liked. The result: 20 out of 23 toddlers picked the higher-status puppet — the one that did not bow or move aside. It seems that individuals can gain status for being dominant (占优势的) and toddlers like winners better than losers.
But then researchers had another question: Do toddlers like winners no matter how they win? So, researchers did another experiment very similar to the one described above. But this time, the conflict ended because one puppet knocked the other down and out of the way. Now when the toddlers were asked who they liked, the results were different: Only 4 out of 23 children liked the winner.
These data suggest that children already love a winner by the age of 21-31 months. This does not necessarily mean that the preference is inborn: 21 months is enough time to learn a lot of things. But if a preference for winners is something we learn, we appear to learn it quite early.
Even more interesting, the preference for winners is not absolute. Children in our study did not like a winner who knocked a competitor down. This suggests that already by the age of 21-31 months, children’s liking for winners is balanced with other social concerns, including perhaps a general preference for nice or helpful people over aggressive ones.
In a time when the news is full of stories of public figures who celebrate winning at all costs, these results give us much confidence. Humans understand dominance, but we also expect strong individuals to guide, protect and help others. This feels like good news.
1. One of the purposes of the experiments is to ________.A.teach toddlers how to gain higher status |
B.offer toddlers a chance to watch a scene |
C.observe the process of toddlers’ solving a conflict |
D.find out toddlers’ attitude toward winners and losers |
A.obeying rules |
B.gaining status |
C.giving in to the other |
D.showing good manners |
A.They are excellent learners. |
B.They are always changeable. |
C.They show mercy to the loser. |
D.They value kindness over winning. |
A.Disappointing. | B.Encouraging. |
C.Unexpected. | D.Controversial. |
【推荐2】Oxygen, I'm sure you'd agree, is pretty important for life on Earth. We breathe it in, our cells survive on it and without it, we hardly live. Basically all multicellular life on Earth evolved over millions of years to make use of oxygen.
But take a deep breath, because we need to talk about Henneguya salminicola, a tiny parasite(寄生虫) containing fewer than100 cells that lives within the muscle tissue of salmon, a large fish with silver skin and pink flesh. The strange-looking parasite does not busy itself with such small matters as breathing oxygen. Nope, it seems that H. salminicola is the first multicellular animal we've found that survives without the stuff.
“Aerobic respiration(有氧呼吸) was thought to be commonly found in animals, but now we confirmed that this is not the case, "said Dorothee Huchon, a zoologist at Tel Aviv University in Israel, in a press release.
Huchon and a team of international researchers examined and sequenced(排序) all of. salminicola's' genes in their study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. They found that the parasite, which is closely related to jellyfish, lacks the DNA machinery necessary to“breathe”---it doesn't' have mitochondria(线粒体), often called the "powerhouse" of the cell, because they use oxygen to make energy. It's like a little factory inside almost all cells, and DNA detectives can find mitochondrial genes during sequencing.
The discovery came as something of an accident for the team, who were examining the genome (the complete set of genes) of the species. When they went searching for the mitochondrial genes, they came up empty-handed. "Our discovery shows that evolution can go in strange directions, ”Huchon said. "Aerobic respiration is a major source of energy, and yet we found an animal that gave up this important pathway.”
Some single-celled life forms have evolved the ability to survive without oxygen and do not have mitochondria, either. Plenty of bacteria can exist without oxygen at all. Instead of oxygen, they get their energy from fermentation(发酵) or use other molecules like iron.
But how H. salminicola produces energy is still unclear. Huchon suggests it could draw oxygen from the cells in salmon or it could have evolved similar methods to those of single-celled organisms which scientists have documented in the past.
1. What can we learn about Henneguya salminicola?A.It is an animal consisting of a cell. |
B.It can still survive without oxygen. |
C.It takes on a normal appearance. |
D.It has a longer lifespan than salmon. |
A.To make cells breathe fast. |
B.To help to produce oxygen. |
C.To provide energy for cells. |
D.To help cells absorb oxygen. |
A.Interested. | B.Satisfied. | C.Astonished. | D.Frightened. |
A.The natural evolution of animal cells |
B.Different kinds of life forms on earth |
C.A research on single-celled organisms |
D.A creature that doesn't breathe oxygen |
【推荐3】Babies are surrounded by human language, always listening and processing. Eventually, they put sounds together to produce a “Daddy” or a “Mama”. But what still confuses neuroscientists is exactly how the brain works to put it all together.
To figure it out, a team of researchers turned to a frequent stand-in (代替) for babies when it comes to language learning: the song-learning zebra finch. “We’ve known songbirds learn their song by first forming a memory of their father’s song or another adult’s song. Then they use that memory to guide their song learning,” said Neuroscientist Todd Roberts. “It’s been a long-term goal of the field to figure out how or where in the brain this memory is. This type of imitative learning that birds do is very similar to the type of learning that we engage in regularly—particularly when we’re young, we use it to guide our speech learning.”
Roberts and his team had a feeling that the interface (交叉区域) between sensory areas and motor areas in the brain was critical for this process, and they focused on a group of brain cells called the NIf.
“In order to prove that we could identify these circuits, we thought if we could implant a false memory.” First, they used a virus to cause the neurons (神经元) in the birds’ NIf to become sensitive to light. Then, using a tiny electrode as a flashlight, they activated (激活) the neurons. The length of each pulse of light corresponded with the amount of time the neurons would fire. And the birds’ brains interpreted that time period as the length of each note.
Soon enough, the birds began to practice the notes they had learned, even though they never really heard the sounds. Amazingly, the birds produced them in the correct social situations. The researchers say this is the first time anybody has found exactly a part of the brain necessary for generating the sorts of memories needed to copy sounds.
“This line of research is going to help us identify where in the brain we encode memories of relevant social experiences that we use to guide learning. We know that there are several neurodevelopmental disorders in people that have really far-reaching effects on this type of learning.”
1. The zebra finch is researched because its song-learning mode ________.A.decides whether it will sing songs |
B.helps it to say “Daddy” or “Mama” |
C.is like the way babies learn speech |
D.reflects its talent for imitating its father’s song |
A.The interface in the brain. |
B.Guidance from adults. |
C.Imitative learning type like birds’. |
D.The way of regular learning. |
A.Scientists activated some neurons by using an electrode. |
B.A bird only sings what it heard before. |
C.The brain produces tiny electrodes. |
D.Birds are sensitive to light. |
A.A change in our way of listening and processing. |
B.A chance to have relevant social experiences. |
C.A better knowledge of the secrets of learning. |
D.Identification of neurodevelopmental disorders. |
【推荐1】A medical capsule robot is a small, often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted. Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule. Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis, with sensors that “feel,” and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.
But in practice, Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch (从头开始) is costly, time-consuming and requires advanced skills. “The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,” said Valdastri in an interview. “And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch, which didn’t make sense.”
Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components: a microprocessor, communication submodules, an energy source, sensors, and actuators (致动器), Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieces work in concert and can be interchanged with ease. They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos. The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule, down to about 14 mm. Additionally, they compiled (编译) a library of components that designers could choose from, enabling hundreds of different combinations. They arranged it all in a free online system. Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.
“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch, people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,” Valdastri said.
Now, the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding. Researchers at Scotland’s Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠). One research group, led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong, is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.
One limitation of Valdastri’s system is that it’s only for designing models. Researchers can confirm their hypotheses (假设) and do first design using the platform, but will need to move to a custom approach to develop their capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.
1. According to the passage, Valdastri and his team created the platform to ________.A.adopt the latest technologies |
B.make their robots dream come true |
C.help build specialized capsule robots |
D.do preciser observation and diagnosis |
A.Perform live. | B.Run independently. |
C.Act in a cooperative way. | D.Carry on step by step. |
A.Valdastri’s system can’t provide a complete capsule creation. |
B.The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach. |
C.The capsules can move in human’s body automatically. |
D.It costs more to module the capsules on the board. |
【推荐2】According to a new study from Cornell University, about one-fifth of the global population, of 2 billion people worldwide, will be forced to resettle or go deeper inland by 2100 due to the continuous rise in sea level.
The study, published in the journal Land Use Policy, showed that the growing global population could make the matter worse. The researchers expected that there are about 1.4 billon “climate change refugees(难民)” in the world by 2060 and by 2100 the number of the displaced people due to the rising sea level could reach up to two billion.
“We’re going to have more people on less land and sooner than we think,” said lead author Charles Geisler, professor at Cornell. “The future rise in global average sea level probably won’t be gradual. Yet few policy makers are observing the significant barriers that coastal climate refugees, like other refugees, will run into when they move to higher ground.”
For the study, the researchers reviewed(回顾) potential problems that climate change refugees may face if they go deeper inland. The researchers identified these land difficulties with relocation using three organizing groups. Including depletion(损耗) zones, win-lose zones and no-trespass(不得擅自进入) zones. By doing so, the researchers were able to provide primary estimates of their toll(损失) on inland resettlement space. The researchers found that some inland regions were unlikely to support new waves of climate change refugees due to the remains of war, road developments and rare natural resources.
Apart from the rising sea level, increasing storm weather and the booming global population are also having a huge influence on the number of climate change refugees. Storm can push seawater further inland. The increasing global population requires more land even as the ocean swallows up rich costal zones and river deltas(三角洲). These force people to search for new places to move to higher ground.
1. What would happen if the sea level were to rise?A.2 billion people would be “refugees” by 2060. |
B.50% of the population would lose their homes. |
C.Inland regions would become more crowded. |
D.Coastal regions would be polluted seriously. |
A.The sea level will go up in a little-by-little way. |
B.Moving to higher land isn’t the key solution. |
C.Land and population vary according to climate change. |
D.Policy makers should think more for climate change refugees. |
A.Because they can’t live a common life there. |
B.Because they can’t adapt to the climate there. |
C.Because they may consume more than expected. |
D.Because they will destroy the natural resources. |
A.Global warming is a double-edged sword. |
B.In the future climate will become worse. |
C.The earth will see more climate change refugees. |
D.Sea will bring humans more disadvantages. |
【推荐3】Deo had grown up barefoot in Burundi, but for a peasant boy he had done well. He was twenty-four. Until recently he had been a medical student, for three years at or near the top of his class. But he had spent the past six months on the run.
He had one friend who had seen more of the world than East Central Africa, a fellow medical student named Jean. And it was Jean who had decided that New York was where he should go. Deo was traveling on a commercial visa. Jean’s French father had written a letter identifying Deo as an employee on a mission to America. He was supposed to be going to New York to sell coffee. Deo had read up on coffee beans in case he was questioned. Jean’s father had also paid for the plane tickets. A fat book let of tickets.
He had heard of French soldiers behaving badly in Rwanda, and had even caught glimpses of them training militiamen(民兵) in the camps, but waking up and seeing a white person in the next seat wasn’t alarming. No one called him a cockroach (蟑螂). No one held a machete (大砍刀).
A voice was speaking to him. He turned and saw a policeman who seemed friendly. Deo spoke to him in French, but the man shook his head and smiled. He asked a question in what Deo guessed was English. Then a woman who had been sitting nearby got up and walked over French, at long last French, coming out of her mouth. Perhaps she could help, the woman said in French. Deo thought: “God. I’m still in your hands.” She arranged to sit next to him on the flight to New York and asked him lots of questions. Deo wanted to pay her back for helping him. So he tried to answer her questions. They talked most of the way to New York. After such long solitude (独处), it felt wonderful to talk.
When he reached Immigration the agent stared at Deo’s documents, then started asking questions in what had to be English. There was nothing to do except smile. The agent went off and came back with another man. He introduced himself to Deo in French. His name was Muhammad. He said he came from Senegal. Muhammad asked Deo the agents’ questions and also some questions of his own. For the agents, he asked Deo, “Where are you coming from?” When Deo said he had come from Burundi, Muhammad made a pained face and said to him in French, “How did you get out?”
There was no time even to attempt an answer. The agents were asking another question: Deo’s visa said he was here on business. What business?
Selling coffee beans, Deo told them through Muhammad. Just keep smiling, Deo told himself.
How much money did he have?
Two hundred dollars, Deo said with pride. The cash had been a gift from Jean. Exchanged for Burundian francs, it could have bought a lot of cows. But neither Muhammad nor the agents looked impressed.
Where was he staying?
Jean had told him he’d be asked this. A hotel, he said.
The agents laughed. A week in a hotel on two hundred dollars?
In 1994, airport security wasn’t what it soon would be. Muhammad said something in English to the agents. His words must have been the right ones, because after a few more questions, the agents shrugged at each other and let him through, into America.
He had no idea what he’d do next. After six months on the run, he was in the habit of not looking ahead. And what was there to fear? What could the man in the booth up ahead do to him? Whatever it might be, he’d already seen worse. God had taken care of him so far. And still was taking care of him, it seemed. As this serious-looking stranger, Muhammad, walked him out of Customs, he said that Deo could stay with him in New York City. But Deo would have to wait here for three hours. Muhammad worked at the airport as a baggage handler. He had to finish his shift. Could Deo wait three hours?
Only three hours? said Deo. Of course!
1. Which of the following is the reason why Deo left his hometown?A.Jean persuaded him to go to New York. |
B.Jean's father paid for the plane tickets for him. |
C.He was an employee on a business mission to America. |
D.He wanted to flee his home town to seek shelter in New York. |
A.She arranged a seat for him. |
B.She did the interpreting for him. |
C.She asked the policeman to show mercy to him. |
D.She talked with him which made him feel less lonely. |
A.God is toying with him. | B.God is taking him under his wing. |
C.He is at the mercy of God. | D.He can’t break away from God. |
A.happy | B.sympathetic |
C.terrified | D.relieved |
A.he was a white person |
B.he was brave and optimistic |
C.he had a good academic performance |
D.he was grateful to those who had helped him |
A.Selling coffee beans in NewYork. |
B.Turning to Jean’s father for help. |
C.Being reduced to a beggar in the street. |
D.Making a living in New York with Muhammad’s help. |