Imagine you’re at the supermarket checkout. You pay the cashier, load your food into the cart, then take one third of your newly purchased items outside and throw them into the trash. This may sound unbelievable, but millions of us worldwide do this regularly, although in a more non-direct way.
In the West, most of this food is thrown away by businesses that are unable to sell it, or by consumers who buy too much. And the majority of this food, despite being past its shelf life, is still perfectly fit for human consumption. So where do these excess products end up?
“We receive food from various sources, including food banks, restaurants, cafes, food photographers, and events” says Adam Smith, founder of The Real Junk Food Project. The British company recently made headlines in the UK after it became the country’s first “food waste supermarket”, offering products that would otherwise have ended up in waste. Most of its customers are low-income families, or even college students who find it difficult to afford food.“We ask our customers to pay what they feel in time, money or skills. We do have people coming with the intention of paying and if it carries on like it does, it will pay for the cost of the warehouse,” Smith explains.
Some shops across Europe are also taking action. France recently passed a law that says all supermarkets must now donate all of their unsold produce to charities, while the Italian government has also put similar measures in place. Hundreds of cafes that serve meals made from surplus food have been set up across the continent too, selling dishes at bottom prices or even giving them away for free.
So what can we do to prevent our dinner ending up in the bin? “Buy less. Or at least shop smarter,” said Smith. After all, the best place for food is in our stomachs, not the trash.
1. What’s the meaning of the underlined “being past its shelf life” in Paragraph 2?A.Being past its “sell-by” date. | B.Being far from enough. |
C.Being past the length of being eatable. | D.Being out of date. |
A.It gets food from the waste. | B.It wants to make a fat profit. |
C.It drew massive attention lately. | D.Its main aim is to do charities. |
A.Some countries in Europe are actively helping poor people. |
B.Some countries in Europe are trying to address food waste. |
C.Related shops in Europe are willing to give away their food. |
D.All the countries in Europe have made laws to handle food waste. |
A.Turning Trash into Treats | B.Buying Less and Smarter |
C.Food Trash Industry | D.Warn against Food Waste |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Every life in Britain
The weather is the most common topic in Britain.
Men always shake hands when they meet.
British people are very superstitious(迷信). They believe in all sorts of signs they see. For them black cats are luck
A.Shopping is another common topic in Britain |
B.Another common thing in Britain is queue |
C.Hundreds of years ago, soldiers began this custom. |
D.In autumn if you catch falling leaves you are lucky |
E.Why do the Britain talk about the weather so often |
F.They also pay attention to tiny details like your birthday |
G.Never walk under a ladder, and don't walk pass somebody on the stairs |
【推荐2】I was in the garden with Augie, my grandson, watching the bees. ''How do they make honey? '' Augie asked. ''Actually, Augie, I don't know, '' I replied. ''But, Grandma, you have your phone, '' he said. For Augie, holding a smartphone almost means knowing everything.
During my childhood I was crazy about books. Over time, reading hijacked my brain, as large areas once processing the real world adapted to processing the printed word. As far as I can tell, this early immersion (沉浸) didn't prevent my development.
Many parents worry that ''screen time'' will damage children’s development, but recent research suggests that most of the common fears about children and screens are unfounded. There is one exception: looking at screens before bed really disturbs sleep, in people of all ages. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) used to recommend strict restrictions on screen exposure. Last year, the organization examined the relevant science more thoroughly and changed its recommendations. The new guidelines stress that what matters is what children watch and with whom.
New tools have always led to panic guesses. The novel, the telephone, and the television were all declared to be the End of Civilization, particularly in the hands of the young. Part of the reason may be that adult brains require a lot of focus and effort to learn something new, while children's brains are designed to master new environments naturally. New technologies always seem disturbing to the adults attempting to master them, while attractive to those children like Augie.
When Augie's father got home, Augie rushed to meet him and said in excitement. ''Daddy, Daddy, look, '' he said, reaching for my phone. ''Do you know how bees make honey? I'll show you…''
1. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word ''hijacked'' in Paragraph 2?A.occupied. | B.damaged. |
C.improved. | D.relaxed. |
A.The harm to children. | B.The content and context. |
C.Children's sleep. | D.People's fears. |
A.Opposed. | B.Doubtful. |
C.Disappointed. | D.Favorable. |
【推荐3】There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is that we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken their sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people Mastering one thing to the exclusion of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and Philosopher, is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinate by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit.”
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
1. To become a specialist, you may have to ______.A.narrow your range of knowledge |
B.get pushed by the surroundings |
C.know a lot more about society |
D.be devoted to a special job |
A.is a pure specialist in medicine |
B.is gifted in poetry and philosophy |
C.is fully aware of his talent and ability |
D.brings knowledge of other fields to work |
A.Chinese culture is appealing to people worldwide. |
B.One passion alone is not enough to ensure success. |
C.In-depth exploration can make discoveries possible. |
D.Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. |
A.Turn a Generalist Into a Specialist |
B.Be More of a Generalist Than a Specialist |
C.Ways to Become a Generalist |
D.Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide |
【推荐1】Each country has its own set of national impression, but perhaps the most famous is Britain’s love of tea. According to the BBC, they drink over 60 billion cups each year. The most popular tea type in the UK is black tea. It’s a simple recipe: You find a mug, add a tea bag, pour boiling water, add milk and sugar (according to your taste) and finish by stirring.
Usually,the only debate is whether milk should be added before or after the boiling water. But a recent popular video has made Britons annoved, American TikTok user, Sophie, posted her version of “British tea”, which involved microwaving cold water, then adding milk, sugar and an instant teabag containing powdered lemonade, cinnamon and clove leaves.
Mainstream media called the method “deeply disturbed”, and a Twitter user even wrote, “I would rather see tea wasted into the Boston harbor than drink this.”
As you can tell, tea is a precious part of British life, whether you’re having afternoon tea at a fancy hotel or drinking it in a takeaway cup.
“Rosie Lee”, a common slang term for tea, first came to Britain in the mid-1600s from China. Since then, the country’s love for it has not declined.
Types of tea can even indicate someone’s social class, according to anthropologist Kate Fox. In her book, she notes that “teas get progressively weaker as one goes up the social ladder”, like black tea served during afternoon tea. Fox added, “Taking sugar in your tea is a lower-class indicator: More than one and you are lower-middle at best; more than two and you are definitely working class.”
Despite the argument on what makes a perfect “cuppa”, Britons can at least agree on the saying, “No matter what is happening in your life, you always offer tea.”
1. What do we know about tea drinking in UK?A.The British drink over 60 billion cups each month. |
B.The British pour boiling water over the tea bag. |
C.“Rosie Lee” is Britons’ favorite tea type. |
D.Its history dates back to the 16th century. |
A.She criticized the way Britons drink tea. |
B.She added milk after the boiling water. |
C.She used a strange tea bag. |
D.Her way of making tea was against their tradition |
A.Tea made by Sophie. |
B.A mixture of sugar and milk. |
C.Microwaved lemonade with teabag. |
D.Cold water with teabag. |
A.Tea drinking culture in the UK. |
B.The debate on how to make perfect tea. |
C.The influence of tea drinking on Britons’lives. |
D.British tea traditions among different social classes. |
【推荐2】Spices (香料) are global now. But once they were restricted to certain regions, were highly costly and even more valuable than gold! Spices have come a long way since then. They are now used for varieties of purposes.
Spices are mainly found in tropical (热带的) areas. Spices were more commonly used in warmer climates as a way to treat infectious diseases in ancient times. They are commonly found in countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and east Africa.
The written record of spices dates back to the ancient India, China, and Egypt 3,500 years ago. In the 6th century BC, spices were introduced to Europe from Southeast Asia.
In Europe, the most common spices in the middle age were cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, ginger, and black pepper. These were among the most expensive products at that time. No wonder they were popular among noble people in Europe. King of Aragon wanted to put them in wine.
During these times, the spices were fundamentally imported from plantations (种植园) in Africa and Asia. This was the main reason why they were expensive. The Republic of Venice established a monopoly (垄断) on the trade of spices from the 8th to 15th century with the Middle East. This made the region very rich. About 1,000 tons of spices were imported every year into Western Europe.
Considering the high prices of spices, Portugal and Spain were increasingly getting interested in finding new trade routes for spices from Asia. This was the main reason that drove Portuguese navigator (航海家) Vasco da Gama to sail to India. He found that pepper was at much lower prices than those of Venice. During this time only, Columbus came back from the New World. He told about the new spices available there to the investors.
Portuguese were able to control the sea routes to India with the help of their military force. This enabled Portuguese to trade directly with the Maluku Islands, China, and Siam.
1. What was spice once used as in warm areas?A.Medicine. | B.Food. | C.Money. | D.Decoration. |
A.To promote spices. | B.To make a profit. |
C.To explore the new world | D.To control the world trade. |
A.In time order | B.By analyzing reasons |
C.By citing historical documents. | D.According to the change of locations. |
A.The spice trade. | B.The origin of spices. | C.The history of spices. | D.Legends about spices. |
【推荐3】The Best Noodles in China
Let’s try different noodles and find out what makes these noodles so special.
Zhenjiang’ pot cover noodle
Origin: Zhenjiang, Jiangsu
Price: 15 RMB
Pot cover noodle is Zhenjiang’s special food. When the noodle is being boiled, a wooden lid is put on the boiling water. That’s why it is named “Wok Lid Noodle”. The special noodle used for this dish is called “Jumpy Noodle”, which has tiny holes that absorb the flavors quickly and offer a chewy texture(口感).
Shanxi’s sliced noodle
Origin: Taiyuan, Shanxi
Price: 15~25 RMB
Sliced noodle originated in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province in the 12th century, and has long enjoyed the title of “King of Noodle”. The noodle is peeled(削)with a knife, so it is called “Knife Peeled Noodle”. Smooth and chewy, soft yet never sticky, the noodle possesses a unique texture. It is served with tomato and meat sauce. Mutton soup is the most popular.
Lanzhou’s hand pulled noodle
Origin: Lanzhou, Gansu
Price: Under 15 RMB
Lanzhou’s hand pulled noodle is served with beef, pepper, sour garlic, and beef soup cooked with secret recipes of the Hui minority. It is usually enjoyed for breakfast or lunch by people in the northwest of China.
Yanji’s soba-noodle
Origin: Yanji, Jilin
Price: 18~25 RMB
Yanji’s soba noodle is the traditional food of China’s Korean minority. Boiled soba noodle is put in cold water, and then mixed with cold beef soup. The sweet and so ur soba noodle proves to be a great treat in the hot summer.
1. Which of the following dishes has to use the so-called Jumpy Noodle?A.Yanji’s soba noodle. | B.Shanxi’s sliced noodle. |
C.Lanzhou’s hand pulled noodle. | D.Zhenjiang’s pot cover noodle. |
A.In the northeast of China. | B.In the northwest of China. |
C.In the east of China. | D.In the north of China. |
A.It is a kind of cold noodle. | B.It is served with soup. |
C.It is eaten in summer. | D.It is made by a minority group. |
【推荐1】We all know that unpleasant feeling when we’re talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we’re interrupted. But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.
Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段), Hilton surveyed 5, 000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people’s perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.
Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.
The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时) chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.
“People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication,” Hilton said. “Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other.”
1. What does Hilton’s research focus on?A.What interruptions mean to people. |
B.Whether interruption is good or not. |
C.How to avoid getting interrupted. |
D.Why speakers interrupt each other. |
A.Record an audio clip. | B.Answer some questions. |
C.Listen to one another. | D.Have a chat with a friend. |
A.It’s important. | B.It’s interesting. |
C.It’s inefficient. | D.It’s impolite. |
A.Human interaction is complex. |
B.Communication is the basis of life. |
C.Interruptions promote thinking. |
D.Language barriers will always exist. |
【推荐2】It used to be mostly the military that used small, unpiloted aircraft, called "drones". The little planes were very costly. But as they have dropped in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users.
The fast rate of the development of computer technology, image sensing devices, satellite navigation and smartphones has led to lower-priced drones. Researchers and developers have learned how to build smaller and less-costly drones, Moviemakers are using drones to film from the sky. Historians use them when they explore ancient buildings. Rescue workers use them to look for people. And now farmers are using them to watch over their crops.
Romain Faroux is a French businessman who starts companies. His father was a farmer. He believed drones could help farmers. He helped create a company that developed a small drone that could be controlled by people on the ground. They called it "Agridrone". It uses a special "optical sensor" to examine crops. The technology used is similar to that used by smartphones-except it has wings. A computer program directs the drone to fly over the crops. The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops.
Jean-Baptiste Bruggeman is a farmer. He says the drone flies over his crops at different times of the season. He says this provides a lot of information about his crops. The drone pictures show him the exact amount of fertilizer the crops need. It also shows exactly where the fertilizer is needed.
Romain Faroux says farmers use information collected by the Agridrone to place fertilizer only in areas where it was needed. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before they used the drones, farmers would put the same amount of fertilizer everywhere. Drones also save time because farmers can examine up to three hectare in about a minute.
1. Why do rescue workers and farmers begin to use drones?A.Drones can monitor their cattle. | B.Drones' prices have dropped. |
C.Drones can help them get more business. | D.Drones' sizes become smaller. |
A.Explore ancient buildings. | B.Put fertilizer on the crops. |
C.Help farmers examine their crops. | D.Help rescue workers look for people. |
A.Help the sunlight shine the crops. | B.Direct the plane to fly over the crop. |
C.Examine the different colors of the. | D.Record the sunlight reflected off the crops. |
A.environment-friendly | B.wasteful | C.costly | D.safe |
【推荐3】Recently, Tamdrin, a 20-year-old Tibetan herdsman (牧羊人) from Litang County, Sichuan Province in southwest China, has become popular online thanks to a 10-second video. Tamdrin smiles sweetly in the video. The video has gained popularity with more than 2.7 million likes and 135,000 comments within days, most of which show fondness for his style.
After shooting to fame overnight, Tamdrin was invited by his home county Litang to become a tourism ambassador, and made a chance to promote local tourism. In the video, he is dressed in his traditional Tibetan clothes, rides a white horse, and stands against a background of snow-capped mountains and yellow meadows, which caused another round of following on the Internet. Soon, many other local areas considered him as their own and a war of sorts has broken out among them over this new Internet influencer.
This event is certain to have some effect on this boy and may even influence the rest of his life. So far, Tamdrin appears calm, without becoming confused with success. The fact that he chooses to work for his hometown instead of joining entertainment companies has calmed people’s worry that he might be seduced (诱惑) by the outside world. He has also been praised by many for his efforts to help his hometown that got rid of its poor status in February. Nevertheless, his wide popularity still worries some, afraid that he might be overly consumed in a fast-food culture environment.
1. Why did Tamdrin become famous on the internet?A.Because he is a tourism ambassador in his hometown Litang. |
B.Because he made a chance to promote local tourism. |
C.Because he smiled sweetly in the 10-second video. |
D.Because he has joined some entertainment companies. |
A.Tamdrin doesn’t lose himself though he has become famous. |
B.Tamdrin has become popular overnight. |
C.Tamdrin has made much money. |
D.People are worried about Tamdrin’s future. |
A.fashion | B.science | C.culture | D.people |
A.Tamdrin was very puzzled after becoming popular online. |
B.Some people worry that Tamdrin might be overly consumed. |
C.Tamdrin has joined an entertainment company. |
D.A real war has broken out because of Tamdrin. |
【推荐1】A few plants in the cabbage and mustard (芥菜) family pay a dramatic price to fight off hungry caterpillars (毛毛虫): they kill off patches of their own leaves where butterflies have laid eggs. Without a living anchor, the eggs wrinkle and die. These plants’ egg-killing abilities have been documented since at least the 1980s, but a new study shows they appear in just a few closely related plants in this family — and they are triggered only by certain butterfly species.
Nina Fatouros of Wageningen University in the Netherlands and her colleagues investigated 31 plant species in the target family. First, they dabbed the plants’ leaves with liquid that had been exposed to egg material from a butterfly species known to lay eggs on them. Four closely related plant species reliably killed off the treated leaf patches. Further tests confirmed that the species with the most distinct response only reacted strongly when the egg material came from one group of butterflies, Pieris, which lays eggs on these plants in the wild. This is “clear evidence” that specific butterfly species could have stimulated the evolution of the necrosis (坏死) defense, Fatouros says. The researchers also tracked eggs laid by wild butterflies to confirm the defense mechanism. The work was detailed in New Phytologist.
“It’s very unlikely that you find this by coincidence,” says University of Sheffield molecular plant biologist Jurriaan Ton, who was not involved in the study. He adds that the plants’ relatedness, coupled with their exaggerated reaction to these butterflies, suggests a heated evolutionary “arms race” took place between the plants and insects.
“This is the first study to my knowledge where they really looked at the appearance of this trait within a particular plant family,” says ecologist Julia Koricheva, who was also not involved in the work.
Future research could explore how recently the trait evolved, Fatouros says. She notes that arms races rarely end—and evidence suggests the butterflies may be fighting back. Some prefer to lay their eggs in tightly grouped clusters(丛), making them less likely to be influenced by the plants’ strategy.
1. What is special about Nina Fatouros’ study?A.It found the plants’ egg-killing abilities for the first time. |
B.It pointed out the price plants paid to defend themselves. |
C.It discovered a new species of egg-killing plants. |
D.It narrowed down the range of the plant-butterfly interaction. |
A.To see whether they would sacrifice their leaves. |
B.To stimulate their defense mechanism. |
C.To find out which species reacted most strongly to the liquid. |
D.To track eggs laid by wild butterflies. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Approving. |
C.Disapproving. | D.Skeptical. |
A.Survival strategies of plants |
B.Evolution of plants against hungry caterpillars |
C.Killer leaves emerge from plant-butterfly arms race |
D.The relatedness of plants and butterflies |
【推荐2】Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and he fears silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful silence. If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of envy of the emptiest headed chatterbox ( 喋喋不休的人). He knows that ninety nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure (蜡塑人像).
The aim of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be admitted, different qualities of buzz; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito. But at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzing, fortunately, is pleasant to the ear, and some of it is pleasant even to the mind. He would be a foolish man if he waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors.
Those who hate to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are content if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people’s ears, though they have nothing to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they had food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of an evening, during which they have said nothing meaningful for a long time, they just prove themselves to be successful conversationalist.
1. According to the author, people make conversation to _______.A.exchange ideas | B.prove their value |
C.achieve success in life | D.overcome their fear of silence |
A.meaningless talks | B.the noise of an insect |
C.a low whispering sound | D.the voice of a chatterbox |
A.about whatever they have prepared | B.about whatever they want to |
C.in the hope of learning something new | D.in the hope of getting on well |
A.To discuss why people like talking about weather. |
B.To encourage people to join in conversations. |
C.To persuade people to stop making noises. |
D.To explain why people keep talking. |
【推荐3】Uminur Kuchukova of Russia could have retired years ago. Yet the 61-year-old teacher keeps working at a school in the Siberian village of Sibilyakovo. She continues to teach for one reason: the school’s one and only student, a nine-year-old boy. Kuchukova is to leave next year for health problems, which means the school will close.
Sibilyakovo is like thousands of villages across Russia: Many people moved out of it after the closure of the local state-operated collective farm. Sibilyakovo is mainly home to Tatars, a Turkic group that is one of many minorities in Russia. In the 1970s, the village had a population of 550 and a primary school with four classes. Each class had about 18 children. Today the village’s population has shrunk to 39.
Kuchukova has taught at the school for 42 years. She has bought a home in the town of Tara, about 50 kilometers away and plans to retire there with her husband at the end of the school year. By then, she hopes, her only student will be old enough to travel to a neighboring village for classes. But the nearest school is a 30-minute boat ride across the Irtysh River followed by a 20-minute ride on a school bus.
Kuchukova does not think her student, Ravil, is ready yet for making such a trip every school day. “His parents don’t want to leave Sibilyakovo yet and it’s scary to send a little boy like him over the Irtysh. There are such big waves,” she says.
And even when she herself will finally retire and go to live in Tara, Kuchukova will not leave her past behind, saying, “My parents are buried here; a part of me is here.”
1. Why did so many people leave Sibilyakovo?A.Because there was no good school. |
B.Because it wasn’t comfortable to live there. |
C.Because they wanted to make a living. |
D.Because they hated working on the local farm. |
A.Worried. | B.Hopeful. | C.Proud. | D.Guilty. |
A.Responsible and caring. |
B.Careful and positive. |
C.Patient and determined. |
D.Selfless and confident. |
A.Kuchukova’s love for Tara. |
B.Kuchukova’s plan for future. |
C.Kuchukova’s memory of her parents. |
D.Kuchukova’s bond with the village. |