Small talk – the likes of “What do you have there? Popcorn?” or “The weather today is beautiful, isn’t it?” – is meaningless and a waste of time, according to some people. But scientists believe that it is actually more useful than it may appear to be.
One example comes when you are on a train or a plane. The thought of talking to the stranger sitting beside you can be scary, because you know the conversation is sure to be awkward. But a study by the University of Chicago in the US found that people who chat to strangers enjoy a better ride than those who sit in silence or occupy themselves with their phones.
In the study, researchers asked people at Chicago train stations to start conversations with fellow travelers. Most of them refused to do so at first because they expected not to get a friendly answer. But the result turned out to be just the opposite – most strangers were not only willing to be talked to, but also pleasant to talk to.
“Human beings are social animals,” Nicholas Epley, one of the lead researchers, told Live Science. “Other people are people, too. And it turns out that they’d like to get to know you.”
Apart from making you happier, small talk with strangers can also help you feel connected to your surroundings. Previous studies found that when people are frequently smiled at, made eye contact with and spoken to at coffee shops, they tend to have a stronger sense of belonging instead of feeling like they are being ignored and left out.
And if you are already comfortable enough to make small talk with strangers, you should try to develop it into something “bigger”.
A 2010 study proved that having a deep and meaningful conversation gives you even more happiness than small talk. Participants in the study – 79 college students – reported after the four-day experiment that they were much happier when they had a third as much small talk and twice as many in-depth conversations.
But deep conversations can start with small talk, can’t they? So the first step is to start talking, no matter how casual the topic is. And who knows, maybe an opening line as simple as “I like your hat” could lead to a serious conversation in which you learn something new from a stranger.
1. What is the reason for the result of the study by the University of Chicago, according to Nicholas Epley?A.Most people are nice to strangers. |
B.People are naturally curious about others. |
C.People are afraid of loneliness or boredom. |
D.People try to show their good side to strangers. |
A.Wasting less time. | B.Getting rid of useless contacts. |
C.Coping with smart phone addiction. | D.Feeling like you are a part of your surroundings. |
A.Privacy | B.Small talk | C.Sensitive topics | D.In-depth conversations |
A.Positive. | B.Negative. | C.Doubtful. | D.Passionate. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】The worst time to look for a job is when you must have a new one immediately. Job Searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from rela-tively few options. If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects (前景) today:
Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you. Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.
Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All busi-nesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue(收益).Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the peck. You can follow their examples in your own workplace. If you associate with those that stand out from the rest, you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities.
Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.
Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time. People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.
As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.
How to Improve Your Carter Prospects | ||
Passage outline | Supporting details | |
Problem | ♦Job searching under pressure | |
Ways to improve your career prospects | Identify at least two different roles | ♦The roles are supposed to have ♦Pay close attention to those things that make you |
Subscribe to a magazine on carter | ♦The relevant knowledge in the workplace can make you ♦Follow the examples in your field, making it | |
Do exceptional work | ♦ Try your best to perform at your best. ♦ Work early to finish new tasks with a flexible and positive attitude. ♦ Cooperate with other departments Without | |
Be professionally curious | ♦ Talk about people’s careers and learn how people ♦ Widen your business knowledge by interacting with people ♦ Develop a Habit of connecting well wherever you go. | |
Conclusion | Facing hard tasks early can help reduce your ♦ Changing jobs may be |
【推荐2】Personal excellence takes a dream, hard work and determination, as well as the support and encouragement of others. It can only be achieved by developing an individual game plan that you are committed to, and by adopting a winning attitude that will carry you through to the finish.
●Dream big — excellence always begins with a vision.
Kathy’s first idea of Olympic gold came while watching home movies of the 1968 Olympic Games where Canadian skier Nancy Greene captured the world’s attention by winning a gold medal.
●
Establishing short-term goals and reviewing accomplishments is necessary to keep efforts directed and focused. Without this strategy, we tend to become so focused on the dream that we lose sight of what we have to do each day to achieve it. An Olympic dream may have seemed impossible to many, but not to a brave, 10-year-old girl.
●Get your mental game plan in order.
A.Kathy was deep impressed by Nancy’s win. |
B.Kathy visited a friend before the Olympics. |
C.Set shorter, achievable goals along the way. |
D.Make every effort not to be a step off the original path. |
E.She had a very specific plan to achieve her dream as well. |
F.Kathy began traveling with the Canadian ski team at the age of 11. |
G.Kathy’s story illustrates key points that can help you realize your dream. |
【推荐3】Rainbow-coloured rubbish is the colourful waste created by a Swedish city with a unique recycling system. Like many cities in Sweden, Eskilstuna has an impressive recycling record. It met the EU's 2020 target of recycling 50% of waste many years ago. But almost everyone who lives here follows a strict recycling policy at home. People are expected to sort their household waste into seven separate categories, including food, textiles, cartons and metal. But what really makes the system stand out is the bright colour code.
The reason for this becomes clear at the city's recycling plant. The bags arrive all jumbled up (混乱) because they're collected altogether, once a fortnight from outside people's houses. But thanks to those bright colours, scanners can select the bags and separate them efficiently. The foodwaste in green bags is processed on site into slurry (浆) to make biogas, which powers city's buses. One of the benefits of this method of recycling is that there is less cross-pollution, so more of the recycled waste can actually be used to make new things.
Like the rest of Sweden, Eskilstuna is committed to sending zero waste from its citizens to landfill (垃圾堆). Waste that cannot be recycled is incinerated at a local plant to generate electricity. This reduces reliance on fossil fuels, but does create greenhouse gases. As countries around the world try to improve their recycling rates, some may look to Eskilstuna as an example to follow—as long as they think they can persuade their citizens to get busy sorting at home.
1. How do people in Eskilstuna follow a strict recycling policy?A.They recycle waste at their homes. |
B.They send waste to recycling plants. |
C.They spray waste with colorful paints. |
D.They pack sorted waste with color bags. |
A.It avoids cross-pollution entirely. |
B.The waste can be stored in a fixed site. |
C.The bags take on a colorful look. |
D.The bags can be easily classified. |
A.Burnt. | B.Broken. | C.Buried. | D.Wrapped. |
A.Tips on how to sort household waste |
B.A Swedish city's recycling efforts |
C.Measures to collect messy waste bags |
D.A new policy for conservation |
【推荐1】The term “social distancing” has been at the center of public conversation for a while. But it’s not “social” distance we are trying to promote. It’s physical separation. In fact, preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health. The results of an analytic review published in 2017 indicate that a lack of social support is on a par with smoking cigarettes as a risk factor for health.
Given this fact, how might we best stay connected with others while maintaining physical distance? Would we be better off e-mailing a friend? Making a phone call? Having a video chat? In our study, Nick Epley and I tested whether the media through which people interact affects their sense of connection and how expectations of certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use.
In our experiment, we asked participants to reconnect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either by e-mail or over the phone. Participants first made predictions about what it would be like to get in touch if they connected in these two ways. They generally believed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than by e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than sending an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. It seemed that fears about awkwardness pushed individuals towards text-based methods for communicating.
In the next part of the experiment, we had participants use one randomly determined mode of communication to actually reconnect and then tracked them after they had done so. We found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than by e-mail. Importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when they were reconnecting over the phone. The next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling or having a video chat. Feelings of social connection are preferably facilitated by voice rather than a keyboard.
1. What does the underlined word “preserving” in Paragraph I probably mean?A.Abandoning. | B.Maintaining. | C.Disturbing. | D.Revealing. |
A.The author shares public opinions. |
B.The author states a deep-rooted tradition. |
C.The author presents official documents. |
D.The author cites a published report. |
A.They contradicted participants’ predictions partly. |
B.They had no reference value. |
C.They provided insights into future studies. |
D.They confirmed researchers’ expectations. |
A.Keeping in touch is key to a lasting friendship. |
B.Think twice before you consider contacting an old friend. |
C.For stronger bonds, talk instead of typing. |
D.Text-based methods for communication cause discomfort. |
【推荐2】Have you ever wondered why different people react differently to the things you say and do? Maybe you told your parents a story that made them laugh, but found that the same story was upsetting to the kids at school. What caused them to react so differently?
Boundaries are the cut-off point between what a person finds funny and charming, and what they find hurtful and inappropriate.
While many people won’t tell you directly that you’ve made them uncomfortable, some people will.
A.You aren’t sure of a person’s boundaries. |
B.Different people have different boundaries. |
C.The gateway to a healthy relationship is boundaries. |
D.They may tell you that you’re standing too close to them. |
E.Pay attention to the way they react to your ideas and jokes. |
F.A person tends to tell you directly if you’ve made a mistake. |
G.The answer has something to do with a tricky concept called boundaries. |
【推荐3】Miscommunications can sometimes be funny, however, most of time you will feel frustrated or upset. Put some efforts into your conversations, and you can lower your risk of miscommunicating.
Get people’s attention. It means making sure they are listening to and understanding the words you say. Make eye contact and check to make sure they are listening. If the other person is distracted or in the middle of doing something else, say that you’ll talk later when he or she is more available.
Listen closely.
Avoid interrupting. If someone else is speaking, do your best not to interrupt them.
A.Think before you speak. |
B.Check for understanding. |
C.Give your full attention when someone is speaking. |
D.Avoid calling out or shouting at people to get attention. |
E.He or she will appreciate feeling heard and understood. |
F.Let them complete their thoughts before you add to them. |
G.This is true if you’re talking to someone from a different culture. |
【推荐1】For more than 50 years, seawater has flowed through the Hong Kong’s toilets. And in 2013, Hong Kong built a system that used seawater to cool part of the city. The system sends cold seawater to a factory with heat exchangers. The seawater takes in heat to cool pipes full of circulating (循环的) water. That cooled water then flows into buildings to cool rooms. The slightly warmed seawater is sent back to the ocean. Known as district cooling, this type of system tends to use far less energy than typical air conditioners.
How much water and energy had this strategy saved Hong Kong? And why weren’t other coastal cities doing this? A team at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology set out for answers. They focused on Hong Kong and two other big coastal cities: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and Miami, Fla. The idea was to see what it might look like if all three adopted city-wide saltwater systems.
All three places would save lots of fresh water and energy, the researchers found. These savings came from the more efficient saltwater air conditioning. Though costly to build, saltwater-cooling systems could pay off in the long run for many cities.
The researchers figured out how emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases would drop if each city instead used seawater for cooling and flushing (冲刷). Next, they studied how much pollution would be created to build the new system. They compared these results to see how emissions of climate-warming gases would change for each city.
Hong Kong would see the biggest cut in greenhouse gases if the system were expanded to the whole city. It could drop by some 250,000 tons each year. Miami could see a drop of around 7,700 tons of carbon pollution per year. Saltwater cooling would cause more planet-warming gases in Jeddah than it would save. The reason: Jeddah’s unplanned urban expansion and all the pipes that would be needed to service it. The pollution coming from building such a large system would be higher than what the system would save.
1. What can seawater do in Hong Kong’s district cooling system?A.It is used to flush all of the toilets. | B.It runs into buildings to cool rooms. |
C.It circulates in pipes to warm the air. | D.It absorbs heat to cool the water in pipes. |
A.To test if saltwater-cooling systems are fit for all coastal cities. |
B.To find ways to build more efficient saltwater-cooling systems. |
C.To popularize Hong Kong’s energy reduction measures. |
D.To apply Hong Kong’s experience to Jeddah and Miami. |
A.Supportive. | B.Unclear. |
C.Mixed. | D.Opposed. |
A.Kill two birds with one stone. | B.There is no one-size-fits-all way. |
C.Two wrongs don’t make a right. | D.One man’s fault is another man’s lesson. |
【推荐2】Astronauts in the space stations for long missions often work very long days.Tasks are scheduled (安排) so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day’s work. It’s especially hard for long missions on the International Space Station (ISS). ISS crew members usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, Internet phone and through private video meetings.
While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in space, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crew member put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading materials for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew members also receive care packages with CDs, books, magazines,photos and letters. Today, the Internet can be used on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.
Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out of the window and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and oceans.
1. What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Find. | B.Copy. | C.Change. | D.Lose. |
A.get more pleasure in space than on the Earth | B.find living in space a bit boring and tiring |
C.regard space life as common | D.love to see the Earth from space |
A.work for longer missions in space | B.connect with people on the Earth |
C.observe the Earth from space | D.spend their free time in space |
A.They are caring and thoughtful. | B.They are worried and upset. |
C.They are impatient and annoyed. | D.They are excited and curious. |
【推荐3】Native to forests of Central and South America, glass frogs in the Centrolenidae family get their name from their skin and muscles that help them be perfectly fit to live in their jungle environment. Turn the frogs over, where the effect is the most impressive, and you’ll make out their hearts, livers, and other organs through their hyaline bellies (肚子).
And in a study published in the journal Science, researchers have discovered an amazing mechanism (机制) the animals use to become so clear.
When glass frogs go to sleep, they take in 89 percent of their brightly colored red blood cells into sacs (液囊) in their livers, which reflect incoming light and make the frogs appear nearly unseen. With their red blood cells out of view, the frogs become twice to three times more clear — a trick scientists believe helps the animals avoid being killed and eaten by their natural enemies.
“The trick is really hard to do, because their tissues are full of things that take in and spread light. And transparency (透明) is normal for many creatures in water, but hard on land,” says study co-author Jesse Delia. “Red blood cells also take in a lot of light, and we found that the frogs can actually hide themselves by packing them into the liver.”
Not only are the findings interesting, but the researchers attach great importance to them. That’s because many red blood cells in one place usually form a clot (血块), which can block and lead to a potentially life-threatening condition. But the frogs can seemingly clot and expand their red blood cells at will — without any negative effects. This may mean the animals already have what medical researchers have been seeking for decades: a biological mechanism which prevents too much bleeding while also preventing too much clotting.
1. What does the underlined word “hyaline” mean in paragraph 1?A.See-through. | B.Powerful. |
C.Narrow. | D.Good-looking. |
A.The frogs fit in their environment better. |
B.Sacs filled with red blood cells make the frogs clear. |
C.Red blood cells in the frogs’ liver reflect light. |
D.The frogs are able to take in a lot of bright colors. |
A.Interesting. | B.Unusual. |
C.Shocking. | D.Annoying. |
A.They help cure serious diseases. | B.They are a blessing for wild animals. |
C.They can lead to advances in medicine. | D.They will prevent all clotting and bleeding. |
【推荐1】Most people nowadays own a device that features artificial intelligence, with the links of Siri always there to greet us with a friendly voice. But the Microsoft's XiaoIce is different. Launched in 2014 for the Chinese market, “she” has a creative edge over her competitors.
While most AI assistants simply read out information they get online, such as movie listings or weather forecasts, XiaoIce has realness that the others lack. Indeed, if you asked nicely, she could read you a poem from her new weekly column in West China City Daily. The newspaper has been printing XiaoIce 's self-penned poetry each week since Aug 19, taken from her own book of poems. The Sunlight that Lost the Class Window.
To turn XiaoIce into a master of poetry, Microsoft scientists “fed” her the works of over 500 influential modern poets, including those of Hu Shi, Lin Huiyin, Xu Zhimo, and Wen Yiduo, reported China Daily. This led to her figuring out a writing style of her own and creating over 70,000 original poems, with 137 used to produce the book.
Most of the poems are indistinguishable from those written by humans, and XiaoIce's book even got good feedback from experts. “XiaoIce's work carries a strange taste. The more you chew on it, the more interesting it becomes, Zhang Zonggang, a literature professor at the Nanjing University of Science and Technology, told the South China Morning Post. But it seems not everyone is a fan.
“The poems disgusted me with their slippery and rhythm. The sentences were aimless and superficial, lacking the inner logic for emotional expression,” Yuan-based poet Yu Jian told China Youth Daily.
This isn’t the first AI is to attempt poetry. Last year, Google’s Parsey McParseface made some poems of its own, although they were branded “miserable” and “mournful” by reviewers.
While it seems like AI is becoming more“intelligent” and less “artificial” all the time, when it comes to creativity, perhaps this is one job that software should leave to us humans.
1. What has made the Microsoft's XinoIce different from most AI assistants?A.Artificial intelligence | B.Emotional expression. |
C.Tone and thythm | D.Creativity and realness |
A.XinoIce imitates modern poets to write poems. |
B.All her poems are exactly like those written by humans. |
C.Everyone does not enjoy XiaoIce's works. |
D.XiaoIce is the first AI to write poems. |
A.Hopeful. | B.Doubtful |
C.Concerned. | D.Ambiguous |
【推荐2】A
The Huaqing Palace Heritage Site
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2019/12/6/2349546465058816/2350226401026048/STEM/abe936f5f95b4df9b1d5e49c211388e6.png?resizew=669)
Address: At the foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong, 30 kilometers east of Xi'an. Opening hours: From March to November: 7:00-18:00;
From December to February: 7:30-18:30.
Bus routes: 914, 915, U5, and 306.
1. Which of the following has the longest history?A.Star Pool. |
B.Tang Well. |
C.Huaqing Hot Springs. |
D.Imperial Concubine Pool. |
A.It is half-divided. |
B.It is flower-shaped. |
C.It is for drinking. |
D.It has no cover. |
A.It is on the mountain top. |
B.It is 30 kilometers west of Xi'an. |
C.It has five bus routes travelling along. |
D.It stays open for eleven hours a day. |
A.A diary. | B.A guidebook. |
C.A news report. | D.A story book. |
【推荐3】Each time I see a balloon, my mind flies back to a memory of when I was a six-year-old girl. It was a rainy Sunday and my father had recently died. I asked my mom if Dad had gone to heaven. "Yes, honey. Of course." she said.
"Can we write him a letter?"
She paused, the longest pause of my short life, and answered, "Yes."
My heart jumped. "How? Does the mailman go there?" I asked.
"No, but I have an idea." Mom drove to a party store and returned with a red balloon. I asked her what it was for.
"Just wait, honey. You'll see." Mom told me to write my letter. Eagerly, I got my favorite pen, and poured out my six-year-old heart in the form of blue ink. I wrote about my day, what I learned at school, how Mom was doing, and even about what happened in a story I had read. For a few minutes it was as if Dad were still alive. I gave the letter to Mom. She read it over, and a smile crossed her face.
She made a hole in the corner of the letter where she looped the balloon string. We went outside and she gave me the balloon. It was still raining.
"Okay, on the count of three, let go. One, two, three."
The balloon, carrying my letter, darted upward against the rain. We watched until it was swallowed by the mass of clouds.
Later I realized, like the balloon, that Dad had never let his sickness get him down. He was strong. No matter what he suffered, he'd persevere, hang on, and finally transcend this cold world and his sick body. He rose into sky and became something beautiful. I watched until the balloon disappeared into the gray and white and I prayed that his strength was hereditary. I prayed to be a balloon.
1. When the girl asked her mother if they could write to her father, her mother ______.A.found it easy to lie |
B.thought her a creative girl |
C.believed it easy to do so |
D.felt it hard to answer |
A.became excited |
B.jumped with joy |
C.started writing immediately |
D.was worried that it couldn't be delivered |
A.An incurable disease. |
B.An unforgettable memory. |
C.The failures her father experienced. |
D.The hard time her father had. |
A.An unforgettable experience | B.Fly to paradise |
C.The strong red balloon | D.A great father |