With self-driving vehicle technology rapidly advancing, many companies are turning to autonomous robots for the final leg of the delivery process, from the store or local distribution center to the customer. The latest to join the trend is e-commerce giant Amazon. Following a successful eight-month test run in Snohomish County, Washington, the company’s Scout robots have been making the rounds of Irvine, California, since August 6, 2019.
The six-wheeled Scout is about the size of a large cooler with the capacity to carry small or medium-sized packages. The battery-powered vehicle, which moves at a regular walking pace, has been programmed to avoid pedestrians, animals, and unexpected obstacles, such as garbage cans. Its powerful sensors can also detect the movement of a car backing out of a driveway.
To accelerate Scout’s development and bring it nationwide sooner, the company has created several detailed virtual maps of American suburbs and conducted trial deliveries to homes there.
Though Amazon has not shown how Scout ensures the delivery is picked up by the right person, it most likely requires the customers to apply a unique code, texted to them prior to the delivery, to unlock the store box. Also unclear is the number of deliveries Scout can complete before its battery needs to be recharged. Though the initial tests are being conducted with a human for company, the robot will be autonomous in the future. Its location, however, will be tracked at all times—if someone attempts to steal Scout, Amazon employees will be instantly sensed.
However, the eco-friendly robots are unable to climb stairs or open gates, which means that they can only reach consumers who live on the ground level. Additionally, the robots are unable to leave packages at the front door if the customers are not home. Whether these problems get resolved remains to be seen. For now, it appears that humans will still be needed to achieve the ever-growing demand for home and office deliveries.
1. Which of the following descriptions about Scout is right?| A．They can be powered themselves. | B．They are strong enough to carry big things. |
| C．They can run with their six wheels. | D．They can avoid obstacles ahead. |
| A．How many deliveries it can do on a full charge. | B．Whether it can climb stairs or open gates. |
| C．How it recognizes the right owner of the things. | D．How long it will take to get it fully charged. |
| A．due to | B．after | C．in front of | D．before |
| A．They are not easily available. | B．They have some limitations. |
| C．They will replace humans soon. | D．They won’t be well accepted. |
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【推荐1】Nowadays, cars are playing an increasingly important role in daily life and many societies would stop functioning without them. So, the claim that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe. But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by governments but also by car manufacturers.
The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an international research program. The team there believes that by 2040 all cars will be computerized, which will mean extremely large fuel savings, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car of the 21st century will drive itself and it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.
According to Dr. David Davis, who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air and caused more deaths turn both world wars put together.
Davis says cars will be fitted with intelligent cruise control devices to regulate the distance between one car and another. Brakes and accelerators will become redundant (多余的) because the car will automatically speed up or slow down to match the speed of the car in front. Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people so that the roads can be made the best of.
By 2030 Dr. David Davis believes car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road whatever the weather conditions by projecting an image of the road ahead onto the car’s windscreen. And by 2040 cars will travel in convoy linked to each other electronically. Cars will be connected by an electronic tow (牵引) bar to the car in front to form “road-trains”. “The front vehicle in such a train burns the ordinary fuel” says Davis. “But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount and so produce about ten percent of the pollution.”
1. We learn from the passage that governments and car manufactures_____________.| A．don’t believe the prediction that no one will own cars by 2020 |
| B．are devoted to the technological innovation in car industry |
| C．consider the predictions made by the researchers seriously |
| D．have put the super-intelligent car into mass production |
| A．There will be no brake and accelerator in cars. |
| B．We will own as many cars as we want. |
| C．All cars will be driven by computers. |
| D．Car accident will no longer happen. |
| A．cars play an important role in daily life |
| B．many societies would stop working without cars |
| C．cars should not be owned by one individual |
| D．it causes more and more pain to human society |
| A．Computer-driven cars can drive much closer together than cars driven by people |
| B．Motorists can have a clear view of the road whatever the weather conditions are. |
| C．We can change our own cars as frequently as possible |
| D．Intelligent cruise control devices can regulate the distance between one car and another. |
| A．in group | B．on road | C．side by side | D．one by one |
| A．Cars will slow down to match the speed of the cars in front. |
| B．The weather conditions won't have effect on motorists. |
| C．There will be a decrease in the pollution caused by car. |
| D．All trains will burn less fuel than present |
【推荐2】Vertical farming is the method of growing plants and crops over each other, mostly in buildings with many storeys. They often look like skyscrapers with glass around them, similar to a giant greenhouse. Such farming methods can already be seen in cities. For agriculture experts, vertical farming will be in widespread use in the future because the world’s population is growing constantly and there is more need for farming land.
Vertical farming offers many advantages. Not only can crops be grown on a smaller area of land, but water can be recycled and used over and over again. Plants grow on minerals and do not need soil. Many farming products can be harvested more than once per year.
With the new form of farming, many resources could be saved and forests could be preserved. Burning less fossil fuel would result in fewer emissions, reduction of global warming and healthier environments. Vertical farming can protect crops from bad weather or disasters like hurricanes, storms, droughts or floods. The same weather conditions all year round provide ideal conditions for perfect crops. On the other side, building such vertical farms can prove to be a costly undertaking. During the beginning of such a project, a lot of energy is needed. Because plants require large amounts of sunlight, buildings need to be provided with artificial sunlight the whole year. But compared to traditional farms that take up a lot of space, vertical farming has a low carbon footprint. It can do without fossil fuels because it relies on energy from the sun. Critics are not sure whether vertical farming projects can really be profitable in the long term.
They claim that initial costs are too high and suggest that such farms actually need more light and power than in normal regions. Heating and cooling costs would also be enormous. They also say that not all crops can be grown in this way. In my opinion, such farming methods could only be applied to lightweight produce, like small fruits, lettuce and other vegetables.
1. What’s the purpose of building vertical farming?| A．To develop healthy plants and crops. |
| B．To satisfy the need of modern farming. |
| C．To make use of natural resources. |
| D．To meet the needs of increasing population. |
| A．The benefits of vertical farming. |
| B．Different forms of vertical farming. |
| C．Ways to manage vertical farming. |
| D．Effects of the changes in farming. |
| A．They use less energy. |
| B．They cost less money. |
| C．They take up less space. |
| D．They rely less on the sun. |
| A．Opposed. | B．Supportive. |
| C．Objective. | D．Unconcerned. |
【推荐3】“An Uber self-driving car hit and killed a woman crossing the street in Arizona，U．S．，”police said on Monday，marking the first death caused by an autonomous vehicle and a potential blow to the technology expected to transform transportation．
The ride services company said it was delaying North American tests of its self-driving vehicles，which are currently going on in Arizona，Pittsburgh and Toronto．
So-called robot cars，when fully developed by companies including Uber，are expected to thoroughly cut down on motor vehicle deaths and create billion-dollar businesses．But Monday’s accident highlighted (凸显)the possible challenges ahead for the promising technology as the cars face real-world situations involving real people．
“This catastrophic accident highlights why we need to be exceptionally cautious when testing and applying autonomous vehicle technologies to public roads，”said Edward Markey， a member of the transportation committee，in a statement．
“Elaine Herzberg，49，was walking her bicycle outside the crosswalk on a four-lane road in the Phoenix suburb of Tempe at about 10 p．m． MST Sunday when she was struck by the Uber vehicle traveling at about 65 kilometers per hour，”police said．The car was in autonomous mode with an operator behind the wheel．U．S． federal safety officials were sending teams to investigate the crash．Canada’s transportation ministry in Ontario，where Uber conducts testing，also said it was reviewing the accident．
“Uber and Waymo on Friday urged Congress to pass a law to speed the introduction of self-driving cars into the united states．However，some congressional(国会的)representatives have blocked the legislation over safety concerns，and Monday’s death could hamper passage of the bill，”congressional assistants said Monday．
1. According to the passage，which is the effect of the accident of the woman’s being killed?| A．People will be cautious while crossing a road． |
| B．The woman’s family will obtain a billion dollars． |
| C．The process of transforming transportation will be affected． |
| D．Self-driving vehicles will cut down on motor vehicles deaths． |
| A．make | B．prevent |
| C．start | D．accelerate |
| A．To arouse the public concerns over a self-driving safety． |
| B．To remind car producers to be more careful when testing vehicles technology． |
| C．To advise the Congress to pass a law to speed self-driving cars test in the U．S． |
| D．To urge the U．S．federal safety regulators to take measures to look into the accident． |
【推荐1】International airline Emirates says it successfully flew a Boeing 777 on a test flight with one engine running on a mixture of “sustainable” fuel.
The test flight took place Monday and lasted about an hour. “The plane took off from Dubai International Airport and then headed out into the Persian Gulf before returning to the airport. It was powered by two General Electric engines. One ran on the sustainable mixture. The other was powered by traditional airplane fuel to ensure safety. Emirates’ chief operating officer, Adel al-Redha, called the flight “a milestone moment for Emirates and a positive step for our industry”. The flight demonstrated the airline’s desire to deal with one of the industry’s biggest problems, carbon pollution releases related to air travel.
The mixture included fuel provided by Neste, a Finnish company, and US-based fuel maker Virent. Virent says it uses plant-based sugars to make the compounds needed for sustainable jet fuel. Neste’s fuel is made from vegetable oils and animal fats. Those fuels cut the release of heat — trapping carbon dioxide burned off by engines in flight. Airline flights release only one-sixth the amount of carbon dioxide produced by cars and trucks, the Washington-based World Resources Institute reports. However, airplanes are used by far fewer people per day than road vehicles. This means flying has a higher per-capita (人均) release of carbon emissions. But experts have noted that fuels considered sustainable can be three times or more the cost of traditional jet fuel. This added cost is likely to be passed onto flyers if sustainable fuels became more commonly used across the industry.
Airplane and engine manufacturers have been designing more environmentally-friendly versions in recent years. The general goal is to produce less-polluting engines to reduce fuel emissions in an effort to help limit the effects of climate change.
1. What do we know about the test flight?| A．Both engines ran on sustainable fuel. | B．One engine was powered by electricity. |
| C．One engine ran on traditional fuel. | D．Both engines were powered by electricity. |
| A．The price of “sustainable” fuel plane tickets will be higher. |
| B．Airline flights release more carbon dioxide than cars and trucks. |
| C．Flying has the same release of carbon emissions as cars and trucks. |
| D．Airplanes are used by much fewer people than road vehicles. |
| A．To reduce the cost of flights. | B．To deal with air pollution. |
| C．To help control climate change. | D．To create a milestone. |
| A．Education. | B．Technology. |
| C．Entertainment. | D．Science. |
【推荐2】Before the year has even come to a close, climate experts are certain that 2023 will be the hottest year in recorded history.
On Dec. 6, the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) — part of the European Union's space program — revealed that this year's average global temperatures have been 2.6℉ (1.46°C ) higher than temperatures in preindustrial times and 0.2°F (0.13°C) higher than January to November in 2016. These “extraordinary” temperatures mean that 2023will be “the warmest year in recorded history,” C3S deputy director Samantha Burgess said in a statement.
The researchers note that this year's record heat was partly caused by the latest El Nino event — a phenomenon where warmer water near the equator triggers warmer global air temperatures — that began in June. Some other experts have suggested that the January2022 eruption of Tonga's underwater volcano, which pumped record levels of water vapor into the atmosphere, may also be partly responsible.
Despite these factors, the major cause of climbing temperatures is global warming caused by runaway greenhouse gas emissions, which, noted in a C3S statement, have trapped more than 25 billion atomic bombs' worth of energy in our atmosphere over the last 50 years. And still worse, the global carbon emissions have reached a new high this year, according to scientists at the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP28) On Dec 4.
The effects of global warming are becoming more obvious. In 2023, research revealed that climate change is causing major US cities to sink and more than half of the world's largest lakes and reservoirs to shrink. Studies also predicted that the Gulf Stream, which plays a vital role in ocean circulation, could collapse by as early as 2025, and that rising sea levels could swamp the U S coastline by 2050.
However, scientists say that we still have time to prevent further disaster. Leading climate change expert Michael Mann, from the University of Pennsylvania, recently wrote that “we can still stop the worst effects of climate change” if we stop emitting greenhouse gases as soon as possible.
1. What's the purpose of the text?| A．To report the recorded hottest year. |
| B．To present findings of a research. |
| C．To analyze the causes of climate change. |
| D．To warn of the coming natural disaster. |
| A．Eruption of an underwater volcano. |
| B．Greenhouse gas emissions. |
| C．Collapse of the Gulf Stream. |
| D．The latest El Nino event. |
| A．Scientists' predictions of the future. |
| B．The threat of rising sea levels to the U.S. |
| C．The effects of climate change. |
| D．Different opinions on global warming. |
| A．Confused. | B．Worried. | C．Pessimistic. | D．Hopeful. |
【推荐3】One devoted man is helping to make sure that children with poor living conditions won’t go hungry during the school day.
Mary’s Meals, an organization founded in 2002 by Scottish farmer Magnus Macfarlane- Barrow, provides needy kids in 12 countries with free meals at school each weekday. The group’s aim is to ensure that students have food in their stomachs so they can better fix their attention on the study in class.
Macfarlane-Barrow, who runs Mary’s Meals on his father’s farm, told CNN that the entire operation started with a conversation he had with a teen living in a poor state. He said, “In 2002, I was in Malawi during a year of terribly short of food, and I met this family—the father had died, and the mother was dying with her six children around her. I began talking to her oldest child, Edward, who was about 14, and asked him, ‘What are your hopes?’ And he said, ‘I’d like to have enough food to eat, and I’d like to go to school one day’” And that was it.
In its first year, the group fed 200 children in need. Since that time, it has made rapid progress. Last month, Mary’s Meals fed more than one million children every school day. That was 5 million meals every week. “The million is amazingly important, but we are far from satisfied. Our work’s just beginning. We’ve proved that this works, and now we’ve just thinking about the next child,” said Macfarlane-Barrow.
He and the group recently celebrated the achievement in Malawi, where the program began. So far, the program has had very good results. In Malawi, schools that carried out the Mary’s Meals program saw a 24 percent increase in the number of new students within the first six months.
1. Why did Macfarlane-Barrow found Mary’s Meals?| A．He hoped to provide free food for poor families. |
| B．He expected to teach children how to help others. |
| C．He wanted to make children free of hunger in class. |
| D．He wished to become well-known by helping others. |
| A．The success of helping a needy kid. |
| B．The conversation with a poor child. |
| C．The terribly short of food in Malawi. |
| D．The poor living conditions of schools. |
| A．Schools in Malawi are popular. |
| B．No children suffer from hunger now. |
| C．Mary’s Meals program has been very successful. |
| D．Macfarlane-Barrow is satisfied with the present result. |
| A．Edward’s Dream Came into Reality |
| B．Mary’s Meals Program Shocked the World |
| C．Malawi Gets Away from Being Short of Food |
| D．A Farmer Feeds One Million Kids Every School Day |
【推荐1】A new study shows that the increased heat from Arctic (北极的)rivers is making sea ice in the Arctic Ocean gradually disappear. The study published this week in Science Advance was led by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, together with other scientists in the United States, United Arab Emi rates , Finland and Canada.
According to the research, the main Arctic rivers bring more heat to the Arctic Ocean than they did in 1980. River heat is one of the reasons that cause sea ice loss of the Arctic Ocean. That loss is equal to about 120,000 square miles of 1-mcter thick ice. "If Alaska were covered by 1-meter thick icc. 20% of Alaska would be gone," explained Igor Polyakov, a re- searcher at the University of Alaska Fairbanks' International Arctic Research Center.
Rivers have the greatest influence during spring. The wanning water pours into the ice covered Arctic Ocean and spreads below the ice， slowly destroying it. Once the sea ice melts(融化), the warm water makes the temperature go up. The research found that much more river heat energy entered the air. Since air is mobile, this means river heat can influence areas of the Arctic far from river deltas (三角洲).
The influence was the most prominent in the Siberian Arctic, where several large rivers go into the Arctic Ocean. Canada's Mackenzie River is the only river large enough to contribute to sea ice meh near Alaska, but the state's smaller rivers are also a source of heat.
Polyakov says that rising global air temperatures will continue to warm Arctic rivers in the future. As rivers heat up, more warm water will flow into the Arctic Ocean, melting more sea ice,
1. What does the increased heat from Arctic rivers cause?| A．Dry weather in the Arctic. |
| B．A strange disease in the Arctic. |
| C．The gradual loss of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. |
| D．The death of fish in the Arctic Ocean. |
| A．Alaska will disappear. |
| B．There's more and more sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. |
| C．10% of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean melts each day. |
| D．Arctic rivers bring more heat to the Arctic Ocean. |
| A．Obvious. | B．Important. | C．Famous. | D．Generous. |
| A．Arctic Rivers Will Disappear |
| B．Arctic Rivers Are Melting Arctic Sea Ice |
| C．Arctic Rivers Will Create a New River Delta |
| D．Arctic Rivers Bring More Sea Animals to the Arctic Ocean |
【推荐2】Damage to Ozone layer Gets Worse
In the middle of winter, when snow is falling in many parts of the United States, scientists have sounded a warning to people who plan to spend many hours in the sun this summer. The warning is: The sun’s summertime rays are more dangerous than once thought.
A team of scientists from 80 nations recently reported to the United Nations that a layer of ozone (臭氧层) in the atmosphere, which protects humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet（紫外线） radiation, will be thinner over the United States this summer. The thinner layer allows more ultraviolet rays from the sun to reach Earth. The extra amount of ultraviolet radiation could cause an increase in the number of cases of skin cancer.
Scientists first became concerned about the ozone layer in the mid-1980s when a hole was discovered in the layer above Antarctica during the winter. The hole was caused by chemicals used in refrigerators and air conditioners. When these chemicals are sent out into the atmosphere, they produce gases that destroy the ozone.
Concern about the protective ozone layer rose more recently when data from satellites and ground stations showed that ozone levels were dropping over the United States and other populated areas in the world.
Although many countries have already begun stopping the use of ozone destroying chemicals, the new findings are expected to promote the timetable for a total ban of the chemicals.
1. The scientists have observed the ozone layer_____.| A．since 1980 | B．since last winter |
| C．for over 30 years | D．for about one year |
| A．do a lot of good to human beings in many ways |
| B．do a lot of harm to human beings in the summer-time |
| C．protect humans from diseases caused by bad weather |
| D．protect humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation |
| A．the changeable weather | B．ozone-destroying chemicals |
| C．chemicals from refrigerators | D．chemicals from air conditioners |
【推荐3】The sound that woke Damian Languell at 8:15 in the morning was so loud he assumed it came from inside his house in Wade, Maine. As he got up to investigate, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree enveloped in smoke about 500 yards away. A car wrapped around the tree's base, its engine on fire.
Grabbing buckets of water, he and his wife ran to the crash site. Up close, the accident looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the driver's seat ought to have been, as if planted there. No one should have survived this crash, and yet there was 20- year-old Quintin Thompson, his terrified face pressed against the driver's side window, in visible pain.
Languell tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water but failed. When the flames got into the front seats, he knew he had to get the young man out. So Languell opened the car's back door and climbed in. Using a pocket knife he'd brought with him, he cut through Thompson's seat belt. Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames.
It is empathy that drove Languell to help, just as he said, "My heart goes out to Thompson. When you are that close to that level of hurt, you feel it so directly." For his heroic action, Languell was added to the list of real-life heroes changing the world.
1. Where was the first sound actually from?| A．A house on fire. | B．A car crash. |
| C．The bedroom window. | D．The basement. |
| A．He saved his car from fire. | B．He was successfully rescued. |
| C．He remained calm all the time. | D．He was capable of helping himself out. |
| A．Honesty. | B．Wisdom. | C．Sympathy. | D．Responsibility. |
| A．Daring and generous. | B．Caring and grateful. |
| C．Courageous and noble. | D．Ambitious and reliable. |
【推荐1】“I could see a huge flow (流动) of water, coming down fast from very high. I had no idea of shape, or situation, or anything. It was just so big.”
These are the words of the great English writer Charles Dickens. He wrote them when he was visiting Niagara Falls. This waterfall is on the border (边界) of the United States and Canada. It is one of the largest in the world, and the largest in North America.
Niagara Falls is on the Niagara River. The river divides just before the waterfall, and there are actually three waterfalls. On the American side are American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls. Horseshoe Falls is mostly on the Canadian side. The name comes from its shape — like a horseshoe, in a half circle. Horseshoe Falls is the widest of the three.
People mainly know about Niagara Falls because of its size and natural beauty. However, the Niagara River is also an important source of electricity.
In the 1890s, the Westinghouse Electric Company built a large power system (电力系统) on the river. Many other companies also hoped to use the land for factories and power systems. However, around the same time, many people began to work to protect the natural area. Soon, the governments of the United States and Canada got involved with it. They protected the land around Niagara Falls. They made parks — green, natural areas. No one could buy this land for factories. For hundreds of years, millions of people have visited Niagara Falls to enjoy its beauty.
1. From Paragraph 1, we can know Charles Dickens was shocked by Niagara Falls’ __________.| A．speed | B．color |
| C．size | D．beauty |
| A．It has three waterfalls. |
| B．It’s on the Niagara River. |
| C．It’s on the border of two countries. |
| D．It’s the widest waterfall in the world. |
| A．shape | B．sound | C．history | D．location |
| A．The Niagara River is badly polluted. |
| B．There are no factories around Niagara Falls. |
| C．Visitors can learn how Niagara Falls produces electricity. |
| D．Many companies built power systems around Niagara Falls in the 1890s. |
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1. According to the text, what is special about Hotelopia?| A．It provides both online and offline service. |
| B．It offers both economy and first-class hotel. |
| C．Its discount is mainly from the middleman. |
| D．Its destinations spread all over the world. |
| A．Virgin Holidays | B．Direct Holidays |
| C．Responsible Travel | D．Hotelopia |
| A．Haven Holidays is your best choice for a visit to the great parks across the world. |
| B．Responsible is your best choice for a luxurious（奢华的）trip. |
| C．Virgin Holidays is your best choice if you like winter sports. |
| D．Direct Holidays is your best choice if you are a tour operator. |
【推荐3】Reports tell us that Americans work more and vacation less than people in other major developed countries. Still millions of Americans do try to get away from home for a week or two in the summer months. Some might even have the time and money to spend longer on vacation.
For example, many retired(退休的) Americans can be found driving around the United States in big recreational vehicles, known as R.V's. These serve as a home away from home. In fact, It might even be their only home as they see the country.
Some American families get in their cars and drive to historic places like Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia. There, they can experience what life was like for early Americans. If that is not exciting enough, also in Williamsburg is a water park and an amusement park with rides.
Other Americans visit national parks like Yellowstone or Yosemite out in the West. They want to spend time with nature. Or they take their vacation by a lake or the ocean. They might swim or fish. But many just want to sit and enjoy the feeling of doing nothing, except maybe reading a book.
Some families fly to other countries on vacation. Or they go on a cruise ship and stop in different ports. Cruise ships are like floating cities.
But not everyone goes someplace special on vacation. This might be the only time for people to work on things like home improvement projects.And while they do that, they might think of all the fun their friends are having.
1. What can be the best title for the text?| A．Not all Americans take summer vacations. |
| B．Americans enjoy more work and less vacation. |
| C．Where Americans go on their summer vacations. |
| D．Different places have different summer vacations. |
| A．to visit historic places | B．to see the country |
| C．to stay by a lake | D．to visit national parks |
| A．People choose different places depending on different interests. |
| B．All the people just do nothing but relax themselves for vacations. |
| C．Not all Americans can afford time and money to go on a vacation. |
| D．People interested in history can have fun in Colonial Williamsburg. |
| A．They think of their work at home as a special kind of vacation. |
| B．They can imagine what fun their friends are having on vacation. |
| C．They fully enjoy doing their work on home improvement projects. |
| D．They might admire their friends for having time going on vacation. |
