Dog owners walked about 23minues longer each day than non-dog owners In a new study, dog owners took 2,760 additional seps—compared to people who didn’t have a dog at home. Bu here’s the real good news: That extra exercise was done at a moderate（适度的）pace, which means it could help adults meet their recommended weekly totals for physical activity.
The research, published in BMC Public Health, focused on adults 65 and older, who tend to be less active than younger people. The study included 43 dog owners and 43 non-dog owners, all of whom were monitored continuously for three week-long periods. When they compared the two groups, the researchers found that dog ownership was associated with a large, potentially health-improving effect.
Dog owners walked about 23 minutes longer each day than non-dog owners, 119 minutes versus 96 minutes on average. They also took an additional 2,760 steps, and had eight fewer continuous periods of sitting down. Most of that extra walking was done at moderate pace, defined as 100 or more steps a minute. Dog owners walked at this pace for 32 minutes a day, versus just 11 minutes a day for non-dog owners.
The World Health Organization（WHO）recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of physical activity a week. This increased walking time alone could just about satisfy that requirement, say the researchers—so it makes total sense that 87 percent of dog owners in the study met these guidelines, versus just 47 percent of non-dog owners.
Co-author Nancy Gee says that pet ownership may help older adults get more activity or maintain their current activity level for a longer period of time. “This could improve their chances of a better quality of life, improved or maintained cognition（认知）, and perhaps, even overall longevity（寿命）,”she said.
Here at Health, we’ ll add that caring for pets has been shown to have plenty of other physical and mental health benefits, as well. As animal lovers ourselves, we’ re happy to add one more to the list.
1. What can we learn about the research？| A．It was targeted on old people. |
| B．It was sponsored by the WHO. |
| C．It had an undesirable effect on dog owners. |
| D．It took the mental health of dog owners into consideration. |
| A．To present the results of the research. |
| B．To show the guidelines of the research. |
| C．To describe the process of doing the research. |
| D．To explain the reasons for conducting the research. |
| A．It is too expensive. |
| B．It is time-consuming. |
| C．It enables older adults to live a healthy life. |
| D．It helps young adults to keep a healthy routine. |
| A．Non-pet owners enjoy more pleasure |
| B．Animal lovers are more generous |
| C．Young people walk less today |
| D．Dog owners walk way more |
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【推荐1】For the first time, a British group, PDSA, gave its Gold Medal to a rat named Magawa for its work searching out unexploded landmines （地雷）in Cambodia.
Magawa was born in Tanzania, but is now based in the Cambodian city of Siem Reap. He has discovered 39 landmines and 28 pieces of unexploded ones, and helped clear more than 1.5 million square feet of land over the past four years.
Over 5 million landmines have been laid in Cambodia during the civil war in the 1980s and 1990s. In Cambodia, over 19,000 people have been killed by landmines. Another 51,000 have been injured.
Magawa is part of the “Hero Rat" project, which works across South East Asia and Africa, training rats to save lives by detecting landmines. Magawa started its training at the age of 10 weeks.
He was trained to detect TNT, the chemical compound within explosives（炸药）.The ability to sniff （嗅） out TNT makes him much faster than any person in searching for land mines.
According to Christophe Cox, co — founder and CEO of APPO, a charity that trains the rats, the creatures can screen an area of 200 square meters in half an hour. "We really trust our rats. Very often after clearing a minefield, our teams will play a game of soccer on the cleared field to assure the quality of our work. So far our trainers have never had any accidents with rats because their size and weight permits them to walk across mine fields. They also work much faster than people.
Described as friendly and hardworking by Malen, a Belgian trainer, Magawa has a work-life balance that is likely the envy of many a human. When he is not in the minefield, the 2-foot-long rat likes snacking on bananas, peanuts and watermelons, and taking a spin on the running wheel.
1. What is the purpose of the “Hero Rat" project?| A．To show honour to the brave rats. |
| B．To save lives by detecting landmines. |
| C．To analyze the chemicals in the landmines. |
| D．To help people get rid of poverty in Africa. |
| A．To show their trust in their rats. |
| B．To show their life after work. |
| C．To introduce a hobby of his group. |
| D．To find a way to celebrate success. |
| A．He is trained at a Belgium training base. |
| B．He takes no risk of setting off landmines. |
| C．He often searches for food when he is at work. |
| D．He brings attention to the problem of landmines. |
| A．Sufferings caused by landmines. | B．Hero Rat project set up to train rats. |
| C．A rat awarded for life-saving work. | D．Good ways to deal with landmines. |
【推荐2】Our country has been invaded! However, it’s not people who are the invaders. It’s plants and animals.
These plants and animals are native to other parts of the world and were brought to North America. When transplanted out of their native environment, they can damage their new homes. They cause disease, endanger native plants and animals, and cost a lot of money to control or get rid of.
What are some of the plants and animals that are causing trouble, and how did they get here? One such plant is called kudzu, which was brought to the United States from Japan in 1876.
At first, kudzu was a well-liked plant, admired for the color of its flowers. It also appeared to be useful because it could keep soil from being washed away. However, the plant grows too fast. Kudzu covers land that people need for forestry and farming. It can kill trees and bushes by uprooting them or blocking out sunlight.
Similarly, a problematic animal, native to Central and South America, is the giant toad (蟾蜍). The giant toad grows to be six inches long. The people who brought this toad to the United States wanted it to eat certain bugs that were eating crops. Unfortunately, the toads have many babies. These toads are also very poisonous. Other animals that eat toads can become sick or may even die.
Plants and animals that are not native to this environment can be pests. It can cost a lot of money to get rid of them. They can destroy crops and forests. They can also harm the plants and animals that are native to an area. It is better to think carefully before transplanting a plant or animal from its native environment to a new one.
1. Why is kudzu considered a pest?| A．Because it is not useful to people. |
| B．Because it takes over land and plants. |
| C．Because it costs a lot of money to control. |
| D．Because it makes animals sick when they eat it. |
| A．They are known to cause diseases. |
| B．They can make people sick or may even die. |
| C．They can make animals sick if they are eaten. |
| D．They were brought to the United States to be helpful. |
| A．Plants and animals can damage crops. |
| B．Some plants and animals have become popular in the US. |
| C．Plants and animals transplanted from other places may do harm. |
| D．Plants and animals may cause people to feel sick. |
【推荐3】It’s a popular belief that a fish's memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don't identify you or any of their friends- every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time.
But don’t be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements. They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences.
In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively (挑衅地) in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past “fights”. But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence.
Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. “If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks,” lead researcher Trevor Hamiton told Live Science.
For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence.
1. According to the article, people used to believe that ________.| A．fish have no memory of their past experiences. |
| B．fish can remember all the things that happened long time ago. |
| C．fish don't recognize any of their friends. |
| D．a fish's memory lasts for only seven minutes. |
| A．their enemies and fight. |
| B．where to get food and survive. |
| C．where to escape to when in danger. |
| D．their friends and help each other. |
| A．African cichlids can remember things for 12 days. |
| B．African cichlids always treat other fish aggressively. |
| C．African cichlids are not friendly to their friends. |
| D．Only African cichlids have a good memory. |
| A．Fish having very bad memories. |
| B．What we can learn from fish. |
| C．How fish improve their memory. |
| D．Fish being smarter than we thought. |
【推荐1】If you think English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles (肌肉).
The study also found the younger people learn a second language, the greater the effect is. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London (UCL), took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference was. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists.
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible(灵活的).” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learnt English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
1. What is mainly talked about in this passage?| A．Man has a great ability of learning a second language. |
| B．Language learning is closely connected with maths study. |
| C．The study done by the researchers from UCL is very successful. |
| D．Studying a foreign language can improve man’s ability to think. |
| A．To suggest language learning is also a kind of physical labor. |
| B．To make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well. |
| C．To prove that one needs more practice when he/she is learning a language. |
| D．To show the significance of using the language when you learn a language. |
| A．An active foreign language learner. |
| B．A person who can speak two languages. |
| C．A researcher on foreign language learning. |
| D．A person who is good at learning foreign languages. |
| A．The ability of learning a second language is changing all the time. |
| B．The experience of learning a second language has a bad effect on brain. |
| C．The earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is. |
| D．There is no difference between a later second language learner and one without a second language. |
【推荐2】After a relaxing July day at the Jersey Shore in 2021, Jessica Reeder and her two children headed home to Philadelphia. As they reached Pennsylvania, they were greeted with a yellow-gray sky. It reminded Reeder of what she often saw in Southern California in her childhood when wildfires were burning.
In North America, most large wildfires occur in the western states and Canada. But smoke generated in the West doesn’t stay there. It tends to travel east. Within days, it can dirty the air in the Midwest and even East Coast towns. Today, most asthma (哮喘)-related US deaths and emergency-room visits from wildfire smoke occur in eastern cities.
The big problem comes from tiny aerosols (气溶胶) ― bits of ash, and other droplets in the air. Scientists refer to this mix as particulate matter, or PM.
The smaller the PM is, the longer it can stay in the air. And the longer it floats, the farther it can travel. The especially worrisome sizes are known as PM2.5. These bits are no more than 2.5 micrometers wide. That’s about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. These aerosols are so small that they can be breathed deeply into the lungs. PM2.5 has been linked with breathing-related injury and heart disease.
Over the last few decades, US clean-air laws have set limits on emissions (排放) of PM from industrial sources. That has helped clean the air in many cities. But these rules don’t cover PM from wildfire smoke. Recent studies have shown that aerosols from wildfires may be more poisonous than industrial sources of these pollutants.
So far, much of the science on how wildfire PM2.5 can sicken people has focused on people exposed to smoke near fires in the US West. Now, researchers are turning their attention to how this smoke may be affecting people as far away as the East Coast. With climate change increasing the intensity and frequency of wildfires, people across North America need to be more concerned about the health impacts of this smoke.
1. Why does the author tell Jessica Reeder’s story?| A．To lead in the topic. | B．To praise her performance. |
| C．To remember a friend. | D．To introduce a nice scene. |
| A．The classification of PM. | B．The treatment for asthma. |
| C．The harm of tiny aerosols. | D．The characteristics of PM. |
| A．It cut down on PM from wildlife smoke. |
| B．It reduced industrial emissions by law. |
| C．It encouraged people to work from home. |
| D．It stopped wildfire smoke travelling east. |
| A．Wildfire Smoke Poses Health Risks in North America |
| B．Wildfires Are Burning Out of Control in the US |
| C．Why Do Large Wildfires Occur in the Eastern US? |
| D．How Do Wildfires Affect the Western US Cities? |
【推荐3】Taking in dirty air does great harm to our health. Air pollution lowers the average life spans by a year worldwide and in more polluted parts of Asia and Africa, dirty air shortens lives up to twice that much. Scientists shared their new findings in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. The study used data gathered in 2016 as part of a project known as the Global Burden of Disease and was the first major country-by-country look at the connection between the length of life and what’s known as fine PM.
Air pollution has been linked to many health problems. Most earlier studies had looked at how tiny air pollutants affected rates of illness or death. Joshua Apte is an environmental scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. By looking at life expectancy (预期寿命), his team had hoped to make the threat easier to understand. PM2.5 is what scientists call tiny particles (颗粒) of pollution in the air. Higher levels of PM2.5 can cause health problems and cut months, if not years, from the average length of life. This analysis shows how pollution affects life expectancy in different parts of the world.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting PM2.5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Apte’s group calculated how holding pollution to this low level would help people. In countries with very dirty air, meeting this standard would lengthen people’s lives. However, in countries whose air already meets this standard, the study shows no gain in life expectancy. In other words, meeting the WHO standard won’t reduce health costs resulting from dirty air because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter, pollution still causes serious risks. Meanwhile, the scientists compared how other threats including smoking and cancer shorten the length of life across the globe.
1. What is special about the study?| A．It won recognition from a professional journal. |
| B．It discussed health problems caused by air pollution. |
| C．It gathered lots of data for the Global Burden of Disease. |
| D．It analyzed the link between life spans and PM by country. |
| A．Help people better understand air pollution. |
| B．Study life expectancy in different countries. |
| C．Know how small air pollutants affect health. |
| D．Deal with different kinds of health problems. |
| A．People’s life spans will surely increase. |
| B．It will guarantee people clean air. |
| C．People’s health may not be much improved. |
| D．It will be awarded by the WHO. |
| A．How other threats shorten life expectancy. |
| B．How cleaning up the air can lengthen lives. |
| C．How air pollution shortens lives by country. |
| D．How all the countries deal with severe pollution. |
【推荐1】Today, millions of people around the world take up knitting (编织). “It is connected with our mental health,” says Janine Smith. Along with David, she co-owns a store in Sydney, Australia, that sells supplies for knitting. “I know that if I haven’t knitted for a few days, I really miss it.”
Research supports Smith’s statement. Professor Corkhill and professor Riley were part of a team from Cardiff University in the United Kingdom that, 10 years ago, surveyed more than 3, 500 knitters and found that the more frequently people knitted, the calmer and happier they felt. Or, as David puts it, “That rhythm (节奏) of knitting is like deep breathing. It’s a flow where you don’t have to stress about it, you’ve got the rhythm happening.”
“Flow” is a concept first named by expert Mihaly. As he wrote in his book, “The best moments in our lives are not the passive, receptive, relaxing times. The best moments usually occur if a person’s body or mind is pulled to its limits in a voluntary effort to achieve something difficult and worthwhile.”
The Cardiff research team found that even though most of the people surveyed were employed, three-quarters of those who knitted three or more times a week felt significantly more able to organize their thoughts and forget their problems.
Many respondents (调查对象) described feeling calmer and in a better mood after knitting, and the majority of respondents who suffered from stress “thought that knitting made them feel happier.” For respondents who suffered from pain, almost nine out of ten said that knitting gave them a means of dealing with their pain.
Interestingly, more than half of those surveyed said that knitting pushed them to develop other skills, like building furniture. Because knitting is so accessible — at its heart it’s two sticks — it enables people to have belief in their abilities. After all, if you make a mistake, you can just pull it all out and start again.
1. What did the two professors find in the research?| A．Few people would miss knitting. | B．Knitting was like deep breathing. |
| C．Knitting had a positive effect on people. | D．People frequently knitted in their spare time. |
| A．What “flow” is. | B．Introduction of an expert. |
| C．The best moments in our life. | D．How to achieve something difficult. |
| A．Knitting requires lots of tools. |
| B．All respondents develop other skills. |
| C．People always make mistakes when knitting. |
| D．Knitting makes people confident to learn other skills. |
| A．Textbook. | B．A magazine. | C．A storybook. | D．A brochure. |
The 17-strong team of European and African tropical disease researchers, ecologists and anthropologists have spent three weeks investigating the outbreak of the disease in Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. The researchers captured the bats and other creatures near the village of Meliandoua in remote eastern Guinea, where the disease began in December 2013. The boy was bitten and passed the infection on to his mother and both died within a week. The disease was then spread far and wide by the people who came to the funeral.
Most of the previous outbreaks have been caused by meat from dead infected animals collected by hunters who then sell it on. Fruit bats, however, are widely eaten in rural West Africa.
The team, led by epidemiologist(流行病学家) Herr Leendertz, a disease ecologist at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, are expected to publish their results in a major journal soon.
Herr Leendertz’s team believe that an infected straw-colored fruit bat brought the disease to Guinea. The mammals are known to travel long distances and usually settle in forests near cities. Herr Leendertz said, “ The evidence is not 100 percent and we can only say that it is possible. They can travel far in one night. I don't think an individual bat or colony(群体) migrated all the way from Congo or Gabon to West Africa. These big colonies are connected. There is a possibility for the virus to mix between colonies. The bats share the same fruit. It is likely not to have even been one species of bat. The virus may jump from one species to another."
If the bat theory is confirmed, the locals would try to destroy the colonies, which, Herr Leendertz says, would be an ecological disaster, because bats pollinate(传授花粉) plants and kill insects. And bat hunts would also only increase human contact with potentially infected animals.
1. What’s the purpose of the 17-strong team?
| A．To look into the outbreak of Ebola. |
| B．To help the people who suffer from Ebola. |
| C．To help cure the infected boy of Ebola. |
| D．To make a study of the bats including fruit bats. |
| A．people can do nothing to prevent the disease |
| B．the disease Ebola may jump from one species to another |
| C．the result of the research should be published immediately |
| D．the straw-colored fruit bats usually settle in forests in the rural areas |
| A．the disease Ebola will be controlled |
| B．all the fruit bats in Africa would be killed |
| C．plants would not be pollinated in the future |
| D．the ecosystem in Africa might lose its balance |
| A．A toddler was bitten by a bat and died. |
| B．The disease Ebola is incurable at present. |
| C．An infected bat caused the outbreak of Ebola. |
| D．The deadly disease Ebola broke out in Guinea. |
| A．a science fiction | B．a news report |
| C．a lecture essay | D．an auto-biography |
【推荐3】A new report links eating eggs to an increased risk of heart disease. The results follow several earlier studies that found eating eggs was generally healthy. The new report combines data from six other earlier studies. It shows a 6 percent increased risk of heart disease when the average number of eggs a person eats each day increased by half an egg.
In the United States, eggs are generally one of the top sources of cholesterol (胆固醇) in a person’s diet. Individuals with higher levels of cholesterol in their diets are at increased risk for the development of heart disease later in life. The team examined data gathered from six studies that involved a total of 29,615 people. Earlier researchers had followed these people for an average of 17.5 years. At the start, the participants answered questions about the foods they ate. But they were not asked about their diets at any time after that.
Over time, there were 5,400 heart-related incidents among the group. This included 2,088 deadly and non-deadly heart disease events and 1,302 deadly and non-deadly stroke events. It also included 1,897 deadly and non-deadly heart failure events and 113 other deaths from cardiovascular (心血管的) disease.
After examining the data, Allen’s team found a link between egg consumption as reported at the start of the study and people’s risk of developing heart disease. As their egg consumption rose, so did their risk.
Eggs contain a lot of cholesterol—about 200 milligrams. That is the highest daily amount recommended under current guidelines. Less than one egg a day on average is acceptable from a nutritional standpoint. The study is observational, meaning it can only show there is a link between egg consumption and heart disease. But it cannot prove eggs are the cause of the disease. It may just be that people eating a lot of eggs are also consuming a lot of bacon.
1. What were the participants asked about at the start of the study?| A．Their birthplaces. | B．Their diets. |
| C．Their physical conditions. | D．Their ages. |
| A．The number of deaths from heart disease. |
| B．The number of treatments for heart disease. |
| C．The number of different causes of heart disease. |
| D．The number of heart disease cases among the participants. |
| A．Eggs are good for everyone. |
| B．Eggs are the cause of heart disease. |
| C．Eating eggs with limits is beneficial. |
| D．Eating eggs has nothing to do with heart disease. |
| A．Eggs Have Great Nutritional Value |
| B．Eggs Will Disappear from People’s Diet |
| C．It Is Much Better to Increase Egg Consumption |
| D．Diet Containing Eggs May Be Linked to Heart Disease |
【推荐1】Basketball Statistician Help Wanted
The Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during basketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:
•Good computer skills
•Available evenings and weekends
•Knowing basketball rules and statistics
Students interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective(各自的) campuses.
•TP/SS Athletic Coordinator, Michael Simone, 240-567-1308
•Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga, 240-567-7589
•Springfield Athletic Coordinator, Gary Miller, 240-567-2273
•Germantown Athletic Coordinator, Gauri Chavan, 240-567-6915
1. When will the job start?| A．In May 2016. | B．In May 2017. |
| C．In September 2016. | D．In September 2017. |
| A．Sam, English major, member of the college basketball team. |
| B．Judy, IT staff with night classes, children’s basketball team coach. |
| C．Ted, computer major, basketball fan, free on evenings and weekends. |
| D．Molly, part-time programmer, high school basketball player, new mother. |
| A．Michael. | B．Jorge. |
| C．Gauri. | D．Gary. |
【推荐2】The research from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that food allergies ( 过 敏 ) in children have increased about 50 percent. Common symptoms of allergic responses include itchy mouth, throat tightening, and difficulties in breathing.
Food allergy is a medical condition of exposure to certain foods. It occurs when the immune system attacks the protein in food that in normal cases is harmless. According to reports, more than 170 foods cause allergic reactions. The major food allergens are in eggs, milk, peanuts, wheat, soy, fish, tree nuts, and crustacean shellfish.
There are several reasons behind the rise in food allergies. The food being produced these days is high in sugar, unhealthy fats, genetically modifies and some food farms have pesticides ( 农 药 ) and other food have been injected drugs. All this can have a negative impact on our microbiome (微生物群), which is the basis of good health and immunity.
In a study comparing two children, a 15-year-old who lived in urban Italy and a 14-year-old child from rural Africa, it clearly showed a significant difference in the diversity of bacteria in their guts. The reason lies in their diet. The child from rural Africa has his diet low in fat and rich in plant-based foods which are grown and harvested locally by villagers. In contrast, the Italian kid’s diet was rich in animal protein, sugar then low in fiber. Ultimately, the microbiome of the kid from Italy was less than that of the kid from Africa.
Besides, the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis’ suggests that decreased exposure to microbes in early life can lead to an increased chance of allergies in later life, because of individuals not having built up immunity at a young age.
Yet another reason for the explosion in allergies may be environmental changes. The environment has seen a rise in temperature and is estimated that in the coming decades the temperature could rise even further by 10 degrees. As a result of this warm climate, the growing seasons will be longer, increasing allergen count thus making allergies even worse. According to scientists, climate change is a contributing factor that needs immediate attention.
Dr. R. Sharon, researcher of Allergy and Asthma Research Centre at Stanford University, believes the cause of allergies will ultimately come down to a combination of many factors.
Food allergies have no cure but can be managed by avoiding food that brings the reactions. Scientists are studying food allergies medical methods for general use. They are all trying to actively understand a certain part of the puzzle when it comes to allergies.
1. What can we learn from the passage?| A．Scientists have found an effective method to solve food allergies. |
| B．There could be many reasons that combine to lead to food allergies. |
| C．Environmental changes are the most important reason for food allergies. |
| D．To decrease children’s allergies, we should make them eat less every day. |
| A．pesticides have bad effects on people’s food |
| B．a person’s daily diet can affect his microbiome |
| C．food allergies have no cure but can be avoided |
| D．climate change is another factor for food allergies |
| A．To explain the causes of food allergies. |
| B．To stress the influences of food allergies. |
| C．To introduce the solutions to food allergies. |
| D．To tell people the symptoms of food allergies. |
| A．Indifferent. | B．Positive. |
| C．Doubtful. | D．Critical. |
【推荐3】Living gratefully has a huge transforming power, not just when something wonderful or special happens, but every day no matter what is happening.
I’ve recently been involved with two people whose lives were challenged by bad luck. I have seen how grateful living had the power to keep one of them going and how it’s beginning to lift the other. One was a friend and the other is my sister.
My friend seemed to be in good health when she received a deadly diagnosis: a disease with no effective treatment. She had all the emotions that a tragedy brings, but she also had a powerful response to despair (绝望) that gave her “the happiness that doesn’t depend on what happens.” She wrote online daily, honestly sharing the details of her situation.
She wrote that even though it was difficult to move, this gave her more time to notice small things. She was grateful not only for the love and help of family and friends, but also for time to see the sun rise and watch the birds in her yard. No opportunity for gratefulness was wasted.
She taught that gratefulness is not a false cheerfulness. It’s taking every opportunity to celebrate the blessings of small things. We can be grateful for the challenges that help us develop sympathy for each other. Life is a precious gift.
She repeatedly blogged that she was happier than she had ever been.
When she wrote about “the worst day”, she ended with “life is still a lovely gift.” She died later that day.
Her message, however, changed my sister’s life. My sister’s health was getting worse and worse, though nothing life-threatening. She did have a very painful knee. Her life was in danger from her defeated spirit. She was bed-bound (卧床不起), getting weaker and weaker. Fearful, angry and depressed, she felt out of options for recovery.
I read my sister a few of my friend’s messages. I was careful not to say, “Why can’t you be more like her?” Instead, I let the words do their work. I’m grateful to say that an attitude of gratitude began to replace her anger and fear. I believe this helped her to heal.
We can’t be grateful for all that happens, but we can practice gratefulness for life itself, for all we can learn to deal with, for all the ways we can help each other grow and heal.
1. What happened when the author’s friend found she had an incurable disease?| A．She complained that life was unfair to her. |
| B．She started to appreciate and enjoy the small things in life. |
| C．She tried her best to look for treatment. |
| D．She repeatedly blogged about how painful it was. |
| A．Calm. | B．Lonely. | C．Sad. | D．Confused. |
| A．Writing a blog. | B．Eating healthy food. |
| C．Talking with family. | D．Being grateful for life. |
| A．A friend in need is a friend indeed. |
| B．Gratitude has the power of lifting people’s spirits. |
| C．Health is the most important thing for people. |
| D．Families will always be there no matter what happens. |
