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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.4 引用次数:127 题号:10804612

Russia’s Soyuz spacecraft, which has been transporting all astronauts to and from the International Space Station(ISS)since 2011, typically carries a crew of three. However, the MS-14 capsule launched(发射)from a Russian spaceport in southern Kazakhstan on August 22, 2019, had just one passenger—a human-like robot named Skybot F-850.

The robot is the latest version of Russia’s FEDOR robots, which were initially designed to help with search and rescue efforts. Skybot is good at many human skills, including driving a car, having short conversations, and even telling jokes. But since it lacks some special sills, the spacecraft to the ISS was piloted from the ground by scientists from Russia’s space Agency. Roscosmos.

The six-foot-tall, 350-pound robot had another important task while on board. Without risking the lives of human astronauts, it helped Roscosmos researchers test the safety and flight experience of the new Soyuz-2.1, a carrier rocket, which carried the spacecraft into orbit. The feedback(反馈)will be important in determining if the rocket is safe to transport future human crews to space.

Though the launch into orbit went smoothly, Skybot’s arrival at the ISS was delayed by three days, from August 24 to August 27. The delay didn’t seem to bother the robot, which announced its arrival, “Sorry about the delay. Met with traffic. Ready to work now.”

Skybot’s two-week task is largely a test to measure its ability to work effectively in microgravity, and includes simple tasks like using tools. If all goes well, Russia hopes to send more advanced versions of the FEDOR robots to help astronauts with special tasks.

Earlier this year, the US space agency launched two little robots called Astrobees to help astronauts with daily chores, like finding lost pieces of equipment. Meanwhile, the European Space Agency’s social AI-powered CIMON spent a year assisting astronauts, before returning to Earth on August 27, 2019.

1. What is Skybot F-850 unable to do?
A.Drive a vehicle like humans.B.Conduct short conversations.
C.Say something funny to people.D.Pilot the spacecraft to the ISS.
2. How long did it take Skybot F-850 to fly to the ISS?
A.Two days.B.Three days.
C.Five days.D.Fourteen days.
3. We infer from the text that Skybot          .
A.is bound to take the place of human crews
B.isn’t the first robot to help at the space station
C.worked with two other robots to assist astronauts
D.was launched to measure its security and flexibility
4. Where is the text most likely from?
A.A science experiment.B.A news report.
C.A technology guidebook.D.A research paper.
2020·广西北海·一模 查看更多[2]

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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。介绍一种长在树上的自行车,即,用白蜡树做成的环保自行车。

【推荐1】Bicycle riding has taken the world by storm. Bicycles are typically made of steel or aluminum but now there is a unique company that is growing bikes on trees, literally. These bicycles are made of British-grown ash trees by Welsh maker Andy Dix. His Hay-on-Wye company, Twmpa Frames, is making bikes that are of high performance and environmentally sustainable.

“It’s great to push for more bikes and fewer cars on the road, but there’s no escaping the fact that the bike industry as a whole is pretty energy intensive, ” Dix told Cycling Industry, “I’ve always tried to minimize environmental impact in my work. Rather than relying on heavily-processed metals, or layers of plastic that will one day end up in landfill, I’m building bikes from captured carbon, in a process powered by sunlight. ”

It took two years to build the prototype (雏形) that was made from ash wood. Dix tested the wooden bike on the roughest roads he could find and discovered that it was comfortable, durable, and excellent at absorbing shakes. He put more than 3, 000 miles on the bike. Dix explained, “I was running along battered roads that would have shaken me to bits on a aluminum bike. The penny dropped: Not only could I make a bike out of wood, but it had inherent advantages over other materials. ”

Though cutting down trees can add to more carbon in the atmosphere, sustainable tree farming is possible. Dix said that manufacturing a British tonne of aluminum results in carbon emissions of 4, 532 kg while producing a tonne of wood only emits 457 kg. Currently, the cost of a new Twmpa Cycle is out of reach for many bicycle riders; but the idea of using sustainable materials like ash trees could start a new cycling revolution that puts the environment first. Helping the environment could be just a pedal away.

1. What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The driving force for wooden bikes.
B.The reasons for choosing the materials for building bikes.
C.The problems with cycling industry.
D.The process of building wooden bikes.
2. What does the underlined part “The penny dropped” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Money was missing.
B.The truth came out.
C.The bike broke down.
D.The efforts were in vain.
3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Logging trees is a wrong practice.
B.Developing sustainable forestry is a must.
C.The wooden bike does more good than harm.
D.Carbon emission calls for urgent attention.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title of the text?
A.Amazing? Bikes Grow on Trees
B.Less Carbon, More Sustainable
C.No Innovation, No Development
D.Amusing? Bike Riding Is Taking off
2023-06-24更新 | 111次组卷
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文章大意:本文是一篇议论文。文章作者介绍了日本有名的HENN-NA餐馆使用机器人为人们提供服务,并分析了人工智能带来的利与弊。

【推荐2】Visitors to HENN-NA, a restaurant outside Nagasaki, Japan, are greeted by an odd sight:   their food being prepared by a row of humanoid robots that look like the Terminator. H. I. S., the company that runs the restaurant, as well as a nearby hotel where robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage, turned to automation partly out of necessity. Japan’s population is shrinking, and its economy is booming; the unemployment rate is only 2.8 percent. “Using robots makes a lot of sense in a country like Japan,” said CEO Hideo Sawada.

Sawada predicts that 70 percent of the jobs at Japan’s hotels will be automated in the next five years. “It takes about a year to two to get your money back,” he said. “But since you can work them 24 hours a day, and they don’t need vacation, eventually it’s more cost-efficient to use the robot.”

This may seem like a vision of the future best suited—perhaps only suited—to Japan. But according to Michael Chui, a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute, many tasks in the food-service and accommodation industry are exactly the kind that are easily automated. Chui’s latest research estimates that 54 percent of the tasks workers perform in American restaurants and hotels could be automated using currently available technologies.

The robots, in fact, are already here. Chowbotics, a company in Redwood City, California, manufactures Sally, a boxy robot that prepares salads ordered on a touch screen. Botlr, a robot butler, now brings guests extra towels and toiletries in dozens of hotels around the country.

This seems to be worrying. America’s economy isn’t developing nearly as smoothly as Japan’s, and one of the few bright spots in recent years has been employment in restaurants and hotels, which have added more jobs than almost any other industry. That growth, in fact, has helped dull the blow that automation has delivered to other industries. The food-service and accommodation industry now employs 13. 7 million American. Since 2013, it has accounted for more jobs than manufacturing.

These new positions once seemed safe from robots because they required a human touch in a way that manufacturing or mining jobs did not. When ordering a coffee or checking into a hotel, human beings want to interact with other human beings—or so we thought. The companies bringing robots into the service industry are betting that we’ll be happy to trade our relationship with robotic waiters or clerks for greater efficiency. They’re also confident that adding robots won’t necessarily mean cutting human jobs.

1. According to the writer, why was it partly out of necessity that H. I. S. turned to automation?
A.It’s hard to find employees in Japan.
B.The Japanese are used to using robots.
C.Robotic technology is advanced in Japan.
D.Japan’s economy develops less fast than expected.
2. According to Michael Chui, which of the following statements is true?
A.It is no easy job to automate tasks in the hotel industry.
B.Restaurant workers can be easily replaced by robots.
C.Technologies need upgrading to pave the way for robotic waiters.
D.Robots now perform 54% of the tasks in American restaurants and hotels.
3. Why does the automation in American restaurants and hotels seem worrying?
A.The manufacturing industry is waiting to be automated.
B.America’s economy is developing at an unexpected rate.
C.Automation has already had a negative effect on the service industry.
D.These two industries contribute much to America’s employment rate.
4. It can be inferred that companies bringing robots into the service industry think that ________.
A.the human touch may not matter that much
B.profit is more important than customer satisfaction
C.manufacturing or mining jobs require human interaction
D.robots will rob humans of their jobs at the cost of efficiency
2022-11-05更新 | 188次组卷
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【推荐3】Newcastle University research is helping to prepare for and relieve storm damage before extreme weather occurs. Climate experts and engineers have created a new model to predict the damage caused by extreme weather. This new framework for “consequence forecasting” enables first responders to effectively target resources before an extreme weather event comes, such as Storm Eunice.

The pre-event decision-making model works by first developing relationships between wind speed and faults on the electricity network. The relationships are then used to estimate faults of electricity networks and potential customer interruptions. This model can be used as early as 24 hours before extreme weather events.

Published in the journal Climate Risk Management, the study findings can enable effective first response to manage infrastructure (基础设施) systems smitten by dangerous weather. Having the forecasting tools to predict and prepare for storm damage will reduce the social consequences of extreme weather, including power loss for customers and fines for electrical distribution companies.

Dr Wilkinson said, “Our model has the potential to change the way we manage weather and climate risks to our infrastructure networks. While electricity network operators already prepare extra resources when a storm approaches, predicting how many power lines may be blown down and where these are likely to be located will allow them to better target the necessary resources to more quickly repair any damage. This is likely to become even more important in the future as our changed climate is predicted to produce more frequent and more intense storms and some of these may be beyond the experience of the people tasked to deal with them.”

Study co-author, Professor Hayley Fowler, of Newcastle University’s School of Engineering, added, “This consequence forecasting is so important for planning emergency response in fast-evolving storms like Eunice. Our model could be used to regularly update energy companies and other infrastructure operators on the potential consequences of approaching storms as forecasts are updated in real-time.”

1. What can the new framework do?
A.Prevent extreme weather from happening.
B.Help rescuers effectively find resources before extreme weather.
C.Rid people of the possible extreme weather.
D.Help climate engineers create more models.
2. Which word can replace the underlined word “smitten” in paragraph 3?
A.Attracted.B.Inspected.
C.Attacked.D.Impressed.
3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.The significance of the model.B.The potential risks of the model.
C.The downsides of the model.D.The working principle of the model.
4. What would be a suitable title for the text?
A.Prevent extreme weather occurring frequently
B.Provide electricity network operators extra resources
C.Update energy companies and other infrastructure operators
D.Predict and prepare for the impact of approaching storms
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