How the languages of the world appeared is largely a mystery. Considering that it might have taken thousands of years, it is attractive to see how deaf people can create novel sign languages unconsciously. Interestingly, children played an important role in the development of these novel languages. However, how exactly this happened has not been documented.
In a series of studies, researchers attempted to recreate exactly this process. Children were invited to stay in two different rooms and an online connection was set up between them.After a brief familiarization with the set- up, the researchers sneakily (偷偷地）turned off the sound and watched as the children found new ways of communicating that go beyond spoken language.
The children's task was to describe an image with different themes in a coordination game. With concrete things-like a hammer or a fork-children quickly found a solution by imitating the matching action, for example, eating, in a gesture. But the researchers repeatedly challenged the children with new, more abstract pictures. In the course of the study, the images to be described became more and more complex, which was also reflected in the gestures that the children produced. In order to communicate, the children invented separate gestures for actors and actions and began to combine them-thus creating a kind of small local grammar.
How does a language come into being? Based on the present study, the following steps appear reasonable: first, people create reference to actions and objects through signs that resemble things. The precondition for this is a common ground of experience between interaction partners. Partners also coordinate (配合）by imitating each other so that they use the same signs for the same things. The signs thus gain interpersonal and eventually common meaning. Over time, the relationships between the signs and things become more abstract and the meaning of the individual signs becomes more specific. Grammatical structures are gradually introduced when there is a need to communicate more complex facts. However, the most remarkable aspect of the current studies is that these processes can be observed under controlled circumstances and within 30 minutes.
1. How did the researchers carry out the experiment?| A．By making the communication in total silence. |
| B．By inferring to and copying the documented scene. |
| C．By observing children communicate face to face. |
| D．By listening secretly to the communication of children. |
| A．Show how to do different things with different tools. |
| B．Take several oral examinations on foreign languages. |
| C．Describe things to others without spoken languages. |
| D．Name some abstract objects which they have never seen. |
| A．Signs→Accepted meaning→Interpersonal meaning→Language |
| B．Interpersonal meaning→Accepted meaning→Signs→Language |
| C．Accepted meaning→Interpersonal meaning→Signs→Language |
| D．Signs→Interpersonal meaning→Accepted meaning→Language |
| A．The development of novel sign languages. |
| B．The first steps of the making of languages. |
| C．The role children play in creating languages. |
| D．The circumstances of languages coming into being. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing the order of the words and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs (助动词) and suffixes (后缀), we can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey different meanings. However, the question which many language experts can’t understand and explain is — who created grammar?
Some recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. Since the slaves didn’t know each other’s languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too many words to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children didn’t simply copy the strings of words used by their elders. They adapted their words to create an expressive language. In this way complex grammar systems which come from pidgins were invented.
Further evidence can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a group of gestures; they use the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, although deaf children were taught speech and lip reading in the classrooms, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures they used at home. It was basically a pidgin and there was no consistent grammar. However, a new system was born when children who joined the school later developed a quite different sign language. It was based on the signs of the older children, but it was shorter and easier to understand, and it had a large range of special use of grammar to clarify the meaning. What’s more, they all used the signs in the same way. So the original pidgin was greatly improved.
Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first. They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system. The English past tense—“ed” ending — may have evolved from the verb “do”. “It ended” may once have been “It end-did”. It seems that children have grammatical machinery in their brains. Their minds can serve to create logical and complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
1. What can be inferred about the slaves’ pidgin language?| A．It was difficult to understand. |
| B．It came from different languages. |
| C．It was created by the landowners. |
| D．It contained highly complex grammar. |
| A．No consistent signs were used for communication. |
| B．Most of the gestures were made for everyday activities. |
| C．The hand movements were smoother and more attractive. |
| D．The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language. |
| A．English grammar of past tense system is inaccurate. |
| B．Children say English past tense differently from adults. |
| C．The thought that English was once a pidgin is acceptable. |
| D．Experts have proven that English was created by children. |
| A．The Creators of Grammar | B．The History of Languages |
| C．Why Pidgins Came into Being | D．How Grammar Systems Are Used |
【推荐2】Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.
Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shocking differences in perception（感知）between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they perceive a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a leading science journal.
In western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly independent individuals. When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence. When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on surroundings as well as the object.
Using an experiment involving two tasks, Dr Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that is played to American strengths. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asians.
The level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brains were different. For the Americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult—estimating the line’s size relative to the square. For the Asians, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task also—estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square. The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into East-West differences.
In one study, for instance, researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red and one green, Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen while Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.
Culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize（使内化）it.
But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills.
1. According to the passage, Chinese people are most likely to ________.| A．more emphasize independent thinking |
| B．always focus more on their surroundings |
| C．focus on the context as well as the object |
| D．think of Westerners as highly independent units |
| A．the task is much easier | B．the blood flow is tracked |
| C．people begin to choose colors | D．the task is more difficult |
| A．Culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave. |
| B．Easterners and Westerners perceive the world differently. |
| C．People’s perception of the world can be changed. |
| D．Americans are better at calculating than the Asians. |
【推荐3】Whenever anyone asks me what tech I’d like to see invented, I always say the universal translator, which lets you understand and speak any language.
Meta AI recently announced the start of the universal speech translator (UST) project, which aims to create AI systems that enable real-time speech-to-speech translation across all languages, even those that are spoken but not commonly written. Meta says that today’s AI translation models are focused on widely-used written languages, and that more than 40% of primarily spoken languages are not covered by such translation technologies.
According to Meta, the model is the first AI-powered speech translation system for the unwritten language Hokkien (闽南语), a Chinese language spoken in southeastern China. The system allows Hokkien speakers to hold conversations with English speakers, a significant step toward bringing people together wherever they are located.
To build UST, Meta AI focused on overcoming three important translation system challenges. It addressed data scarcity by getting more training data in more languages and finding new ways to use the data it had found. It solved the modeling problems that arise as models grow to serve many more languages. And it sought new ways to improve on its results.
Meta AI claims that the techniques it pioneered with Hokkien can be extended to many other unwritten languages—and eventually work in real time. For this purpose, Meta has released the Speech Matrix, a large collection of speech-to-speech translations, which enables other research teams to create translation models for other languages.
Artificial (人工的) speech translation could play a significant role in our world. For interactions, it will enable people from around the world to communicate with each other more smoothly, making the social net more interconnected. For content, using artificial speech translation allows you to easily localize content.
Yashar Behzadi, CEO and founder of Synthesis AI, believes that technology needs to enable more natural experiences if the digital world is to succeed. He says that one of the current challenges for UST models is the computationally expensive training that’s needed because of the wide range and very slight differences in meaning or sound of languages. Also, to train strong AI models requires vast amounts of typical data. A significant bottleneck to building these AI models in the near future will be to ensure training data collect the privacy in agreement with rules and law.
1. What is the feature of the UST project?| A．It changes spoken languages to written forms. |
| B．It attracts wider attention to written languages in translation. |
| C．It adds 40% of spoken languages into translation technology. |
| D．It enables real-time speech-to-speech translation across all languages. |
| A．Lack. | B．Mistake. | C．Recovery. | D．Management. |
| A．It is expensive to collect typical data. |
| B．It increases the use of a certain language. |
| C．Its techniques are finally developed for Hokkien. |
| D．It helps inspire interactions and content localization. |
| A．AI Translation: Make Translation Faster |
| B．AI Translation: Meet You in All Languages |
| C．Unwritten Language: Bring People Together |
| D．Unwritten Language: Translation Challenge |
【推荐1】Would it surprise you to learn that the vast majority of adults—around 75 percent—tell up to two lies every day? What this suggests then is that you’ve probably told a lie or two in the past 24 hours and chances are you've also been lied to.
Before you start protesting your innocence or confronting loved ones and colleagues, though, it’s worth noting that the bulk of these lies fall into the “hardly worth mentioning” category. Think little white lies such as attempting to spare someone’s feelings or gently twisting the facts to avoid looking-bad. People tell lies for a variety of reasons. Less than 12 percent of lies can be categorized as “big lies”—and these are usually the ones that really matter. An example of a big lie, according to the study’s authors, would be saying “I love you” without being sincere.
So, are there any body language giveaways that can help “out” someone who’s lying? Back in 2015, University of Michigan researchers identified some common behaviors among liars, including frowning or grimacing (扮怪相), looking directly at the questioner in a bid to appear trustworthy, and overcompensating by gesturing with both hands. A more recent study found that liars may unconsciously mimic the body language of those around them while their brains are otherwise engaged in telling lies. However, to establish a connection with a new person, that will make them feel that there is something about you that they like. It’s also worth looking out for the “eye dart”: when we glance to the left, we’re attempting to recall facts and events; when we look to the right, we’re thinking more creatively.
Vocal factors can offer a good clue, too. People who are being deliberately dishonest — or who lack certainty in what they’re saying—tend to speak slower and place less emphasis on the middle of words. It’s important to remember though that none of these pointers offer undeniable evidence that you’re dealing with a liar. After all, some people just grimace (做鬼脸) more or speak slower than others.
1. Which of the following lies are NOT categorized as “hardly worth mentioning”?| A．“I love your new haircut.” |
| B．“I am so into you.”(said coldly) |
| C．“Relax. It makes no difference to me. ” |
| D．“My train was cancelled” instead of “I overslept and missed my train”. |
| A．He looks directly at the questioner to show his trust in him. |
| B．He keeps glancing to the left from time to time when he talks. |
| C．He unintentionally repeats the gesture made by the person he talks to. |
| D．He speaks slower and emphasizes the middle of the words less. |
| A．affect | B．ignore | C．mirror | D．mix |
| A．How to deal with a liar. | B．How to tell white lies or big lies. |
| C．The possible reasons of telling lies. | D．How to tell if someone is lying to you. |
【推荐2】Night owls may be prone to heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病) than early birds because their bodies are less able to burn fat for energy, U.S. researchers say. People who rise early rely more on fat as an energy source. They are often more active in the day than those who stay up later, meaning fat may build up more easily in night owls, the scientists found.
The findings may help explain why night owls are at greater risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. They may also help doctors to identify patients early on who are more likely to develop the conditions.
The researchers divided 51 fat middle-aged adults into early birds and night owls, depending on their answers to a questionnaire on sleeping and activity habits. They monitored the volunteers’ activity pattern for a week and tested their bodies’ fuel preference at rest and while performing moderate or high-intensity exercise on a treadmill.
In Experimental Physiology, the team described how early birds were more sensitive to blood levels of the hormone insulin (胰岛素) and burned more fat than night owls while at rest and during exercise. The night owls were less sensitive to insulin and their bodies favored carbohydrates over fat as an energy source.
Prof Steven Malin, a senior author on the study and an expert in metabolism, said it was unclear why differences in metabolism were seen in night owls and early birds. But one possibility, he believes, is a mismatch between the time people go to bed and wake the next morning and the circadian rhythms (昼夜节奏) that govern their body clocks.
The findings could affect discussions around the health risks of night-shift work and even changing the clocks to suit daylight hours. “If we promote a timing pattern that is out of sync with nature, it could worsen health risks,” Malin said. “Whether dietary patterns or activity can help reduce these is an area we hope becomes clear in time.”
1. How do night owls differ from early birds according to the research?| A．They are more able to burn fat. |
| B．They are less active in the night. |
| C．They are more likely to have some conditions. |
| D．They are less likely to build up fat in their body. |
| A．By enquiring questions about their lives. | B．By recording their exercise levels. |
| C．By testing their bodies’ fuel preference. | D．By monitoring their activity pattern. |
| A．A brief introduction to the research method. | B．A detailed account of the research findings. |
| C．Supporting evidence for the research results. | D．Reasonable doubt about the research process. |
| A．Out of order. | B．Out of control. |
| C．Not in agreement. | D．Not in connection. |
Propaganda is the name given to any organized attempt to influence your thinking or your actions. It may be good or bad,according to the purpose or intention of its originator and the way it is used,as well as how its audience receive it. Advertising,campaigning for political office,and promoting social or environmental concerns are examples of various activities in which propaganda is used.
Most of these devices appeal to your emotions rather than to your common sense.
| A．Other propagandists want you to do something because “everybody's doing it.” |
| B．It is easier to relax and be fooled than it is to consider carefully what you hear and read. |
| C．There is no doubt that some propagandists are convincing. |
| D．Propagandists appeal to you in many ways. |
| E．Nearly all advertising may be said to be a form of propaganda,for it is designed to persuade you to buy. |
| F．Use of “loaded” or misleading words,names,or phrases is another common means of spreading propaganda. |
【推荐1】A business school in Paris will soon begin using artificial intelligence and facial analysis to determine whether students are paying attention in class. The software, called Nestr, is used in two online classes at the ESG business school beginning in September.
The idea, according to LCA founder Marcel Saucet, is to use the data that Nestor collects to improve the performance both students and professors. The software uses students' webcams(网络摄像头)to analyze eye movements and facial expressions and determine whether students are paying attention to a video lecture. Professors would also be able to identify moments when students' attention declined, which could help to improve their teaching.
Advocates for AI in education say the technology could be used as a digital tutor that would adapt to a student's individual needs, and help develop more effective studying habits. Such software could also help teachers by providing quantitative(定量的)feedback on the effectiveness of their teaching.
But AI programs rely on massive information of personal data. and there are concerns over how such data would be treated. Saucet says Nestor won't store any of the video footage(片段)it captures and that his company has no plans to sell any other data the software collects. In addition, some are concerned that AI may one day replace teachers.
Rose Luckin, a professor at the University College London Knowledge Lab, says AI could unlock the "black box of learning" by providing information on how and when learning happens. But she cautions(告诫)against adopting new technologies that, while alluring, may not actually respond to critical needs. She thinks a program like Nestor could be useful for students who take classes remotely, since "there isn’t a human there watching them". So Luckin sees the technology more as an assistant, rather than a replacement.
Sauce agrees. "Human contact is not going to go away, " he says. "There will always be professors."
1. How does Nestor work to tell whether students are paying attention?| A．By controlling the thoughts of students |
| B．By analyzing eye movements and facial expressions |
| C．By collecting all the data of students' performance in class |
| D．By reminding professors to pay more attention to students |
| A．Attractive |
| B．Controversial |
| C．Limited |
| D．Alarming |
| A．It will teach courses in place of teachers. |
| B．Nestor won't store any information it collects. |
| C．It can prevent students from more effective studying habits. |
| D．It can't benefit the company by selling students' data it collects. |
| A．Favorable |
| B．Doubtful |
| C．Objective |
| D．Disapproving |
【推荐2】Along with soccer, basketball is a global sport. As you read this. young people somewhere in the world are happily passing, dribbling(运球) and shooting. It’s enormous fun and a joyful way to spend time with others.
Basketball is a game for everyone. Unlike golf or tennis. it doesn't require great wealth or a lot of space to play. After all, not many people have a golf course-sized backyard. and tennis equipment is expensive. Basketball, by contrast, just needs a wall with a hoop and a ball.
So after its invention by Canadian-American physical educator James Naismith in 1891, the sport took off within US citizens, who quickly became attracted to the game because it suited their circumstances. Today, 127 years later, basketball remains one of the most popular sports in the US, and the National Basketball Association (NBA)has an increasing appeal for fans around the world.
The success of basketball as global phenomenon is undoubtedly related to the way African-Americans play the game.” The basketball court reflected some of the major cultural shifts in America, such as from forbidding African-Americans to play basketball to allowing them to play in the NBA, "the LIVESTRONG website noted.
From the 1950s onwards, segregation rules, which had prohibited African-Americans from playing basketball in NBA games, were no longer used in the US. In 1950, when Earl Lloyd started to play for the Washington Capitols, things began to change. Since then, most of the greats of the game have been African-Americans, like Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, Kobe Bryant and LeBron James.
It's not difficult to see that there's a strong link between political liberation and basketball. Something of this is expressed in a quote from the US author John Edgar Wideman. He makes a connection between basketball and hope:" When it's' played the way it's supposed to be played. basketball happens in the air; flying, floating, raised above the floor, letting the oppressed(受压制的) people of this earth imagine themselves in their dreams.”
1. What advantage does basketball have over golf or tennis, according to the author?| A．It can be played everywhere. |
| B．It doesn't cost much. |
| C．It doesn't require too much skill. |
| D．It interests almost everyone. |
| A．The sport was created by a PE teacher. |
| B．The sport was not popular with people at first. |
| C．Its rules have been changed a lot to suit new circumstances. |
| D．The NBA. with a history of 127 Years. attracts people worldwide |
| A．explain the origin and rules of NBA games in the 1950s |
| B．prove the popularity of basketball among African-Americans |
| C．stress the success African-Americans in basketball |
| D．show how racial integration took place in basketball |
| A．Basketball is sometimes a useful tool for politicians. |
| B．American people usually have a basketball dream. |
| C．Basketball stands for the freedom and hopes of people. |
| D．Political oppression is a serious problem in the US. |
【推荐3】These days, many young people wonder if they would be better served by striking out on their own than pursuing a college education. In this rapidly evolving digital era, narratives of overnight success and entrepreneurial glory have flooded our social media feeds, fascinating the digital natives of Gen Z into questioning the worth of an expensive traditional college degree.
Contrary to popular belief, successful entrepreneurship is rarely seen among the young. Recent research suggests that the average age in the U. S. of founders when they launched their companies is 42, rising to 45 for those within the top 0.1% of earnings based on growth in their first five years. That’s even the case for high-tech startups. Indeed, successful entrepreneurship is frequently the result of years of learning, experimenting and risk-taking—traits cultivated over time.
Campuses create environments rich in intellectual diversity and foster cooperation among their inhabitants, promoting an entrepreneurial mindset. They encourage students to challenge established norms and develop their unique thinking patterns to create value — practices that are also key to entrepreneurial success. Thus, higher education is not just about attaining a degree; it’s more importantly about acquiring the skills and experiences that inspire and enable the entrepreneurs of tomorrow.
But some may doubt since formal entrepreneurship itself isn’t typically a course of study, are all college majors capable of instilling entrepreneurial skills? Let’s examine the arts majors, which are often subjected to the most suspicion concerning their career paths. Consider a theater major. That curriculum often includes entrepreneurship-focused capabilities beyond stage direction, lighting, sound systems and performance. Students learn to mobilize resources, lead creative teams and navigate the uncertainties of a theatrical production — skills that are readily transferable to launching any entrepreneurial business.
Like a compass for the future, entrepreneurship guides us toward a society that prizes critical thinking, nurtures intellectual curiosity and champions innovation. Let’s not get swept away by short-lived trends or misleading narratives. Instead, we should appreciate the enduring value of college education.
1. What do the figures in paragraph 2 indicate?| A．The chance of success multiplies with age. | B．Young people dominate high-tech startups. |
| C．Quite a number of enterprises are in the red. | D．Successful entrepreneurship isn’t built in a day. |
| A．Sticking to one’s own principles. | B．Acquiring knowledge from textbooks. |
| C．Developing a startup mentality. | D．Following established norms and traditions. |
| A．To illustrate it is complex and demanding. |
| B．To prove people’s suspicion is reasonable. |
| C．To show entrepreneurial skills can be integrated into all majors. |
| D．To stress it is the launchpad for successful entrepreneurship. |
| A．Arts. | B．Insights. | C．Entertainment. | D．News. |
【推荐1】The owner of the gas station near my house posts daily inspirational quotes (引说）on a board, such as: "When you forgive ,you heal. When you let go,you grow."
Most of the quotes are thoughtful ,but one quote was,for me, an entirely new thought: "Be who you needed when you were young."
Is the quote suggesting we should be that kind of person we needed when we were young-for ourselves? Or that we should do it for our children and grandchildren and other young people we meet?
Maybe we should do it for all of us, both young and old ?
Why would I choose to give so much thought to a quote from a gas station board? Sometimes when my train of thought leaves the station,I just have to jump on board and see where it takes me. I've been riding this train for days, thinking about a person I needed when I was young.
My mother worked at a factory.One day when I was 12, I came home from school and found her drinking iced tea with the prettiest lady I had ever seen . "Hello,child!” said the woman, cupping my face in her hands.
Her name was May, and she smiled a lot.
She was my mother's friend,but she became my role model, a friend whose advice I could always trust.
I soon began spending as much time as possibly could with May.I told her everything: my hopes and fears and especially all the things I didn't know.
I watched how she listened and encouraged and never spoke ill of anyone,even if they deserved it.How she was always kind to everyone ! She was a wise woman of faith and grace.
I wanted to be like her.
After I left home for college,May moved away and I never heard of her again.
Thanks to a quote from a gas station board I thought of my friend May, someone I needed when I was young and still hope to be like.
We don't always mirror people we admire.But remembering them reminds us to keep trying.
1. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to?| A．Offering entirely new thoughts on life. |
| B．Being a helpful and admirable person. |
| C．Posting daily inspirational quotes. |
| D．Thinking about the meanings of different quotes . |
| A．She took pride in giving advice to others. |
| B．She became a role model for many people. |
| C．She was patient and supportive of others. |
| D．She was perhaps more kind than wise. |
| A．By following their advice. |
| B．By putting themselves in their shoes. |
| C．By continuing to think about them. |
| D．By trying their best to be that kind of person. |
| A．A Good Friend Of The Author |
| B．A Wise Woman |
| C．A Much-needed Role Model |
| D．The Steps To Follow Your Model |
【推荐2】One is never too old to learn. Life learning (sometimes called un-schooling or self-directed learning) is one of those concepts that are almost easier to explain by saying what it isn't than what it is. And that's probably because our own schooled backgrounds have convinced(说服) us that learning happens only in a fine building on certain days, between certain hours, and managed by a specially trained professional.
Within that schooling framestudy, no matter how hard teachers try and no matter how good their textbooks, many bright students get bored, many slower students struggle and give up or lose their self-respect, and most of them reach the end of the process unprepared to enter into society. They have memorized a certain body of knowledge long enough to rush back the information on tests, but they haven't really learnt much, at least of the official curriculum.
Life learners, on the other hand, know that learning is not difficult, that people learn things quite easily if they're not compelled and forced, if they see a need to learn something, and if they are trusted and respected enough to learn it on their own timetable, at their own speed, in their own way—no matter what age and no matter whether we're at school or at home.
Life learning is independent of time, location or the presence of teacher. It does not require mom or dad to teach, or kids to work in workbooks at the table from 9 to noon. Life learning is learner-driven. It involves living and learning—in and from the real world. It is about exploring, questioning, experimenting, making messes, taking risks without fear of making mistakes, being laughed at and trying again.
Furthermore, life learning is about trusting kids to learn what they need to know and about helping them to learn and grow in their own ways. It is about providing positive experiences that enable children to understand the world and their culture and to interact with it.
1. It is implied(暗示) in the text that it is hard to ______.| A．tell the nature of life learning | B．carry life learning through |
| C．learn without going to school | D．find a specially trained teacher |
| A．produces slow students with poor memories |
| B．fails to provide enough knowledge about life |
| C．ignores some parts of the official curriculum |
| D．gives little care to the quality of teaching materials |
| A．able to respect other people | B．careful to make a timetable |
| C．cautious about any mistakes | D．clear about why to learn |
| A．could prevent one from running risks |
| B．teaches a kid how to avoid being laughed at |
| C．makes a kid independent of his parents |
| D．could be a road full of trials and errors |
| A．will grow without the assistance from parents |
| B．will be separated from the negative side of society |
| C．will be driven to learn necessary life knowledge |
| D．will learn to communicate with the real society |
TED is a non-profit organization devoted to Ideas Worth Spreading. It started out (in 1984) as a conference bringing together people from three worlds: Technology, Entertainment, and Design.Since then it has stepped into more and more fields. It includes two annual ( 年度的) conferences-the TED Conference on the North American West Coast each spring, and the TED Global Conference in Edinburgh UK each summer, which bring together the world's most excellent thinkers and doers,who are challenged to give the talk of their lives ( in 18 minutes or less).
On ted. com, we make the best talks and performances from TED and partners available to the world, for free. More than 1 ,200 TED talks are now available,' with more added each week,which cover almost all topics from science to business to global issues- in more than 110 languages. They really help share ideas in communities around the world.
We believe in the power of ideas to change attitudes, lives and eventually, the world. So we' re building here a clearinghouse (信息交流中心 ) that offers free knowledge and inspiration from the world's most inspired thinkers, and also a community of curious souls to engage with ideas and each other. Have an idea? We want to hear from you.
Today, TED is best thought of as a global community. It's a community welcoming people from every field and culture who seek a deeper understanding of the world.
Want to follow TED? Here are the ways to connect:
Get TED news and conference coverage ( 新闻报道) on the TED Blog.
Follow TED on Twitter:
@TED News for all TED news and information
@TED Talks for daily TED Talk release only
See photos from TED events on Flicker.
1. What do we learn about TED's two annual conferences?| A．Great thinkers and doers give inspiring talks in them. |
| B．Both conferences organize entertaining programmes. |
| C．One is held in Asia, and the other is in North America. |
| D．Most members in the conferences are from the entertainment field. |
| A．Spreading great ideas. | B．Spreading foreign cultures. |
| C．Educating young people. | D．Bringing peace to the world. |
| A．On Facebook. | B．On ted. com. |
| C．On TED Blog. | D．On Flicker. |
| A．It is interesting. | B．It's beneficial. |
| C．It's a common program. | D．It needs improving. |
