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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:99 题号:11226158

Downtown Baltimore is home to an unusual experiment that seems strange—cooling buildings with ice. It’s a service provided by Veolia Energy. Veolia doesn’t run big coal or nuclear power plants—instead, it tries to deliver “efficiency”—basically getting more out of the electricity network.

Veolia does this with a concept called “district cooling,” which sends water chilled by ice at a central plant out to several nearby buildings. A nearly 10-mile circuit of cooling pipes connects the downtown buildings, including the convention center, government buildings and hotels, to a brick building with two domes(穹顶)about 30-feet high next to it.

Inside the domes are tanks filled with water. A lot of tubes run through the water tank carrying chilled glycol, a fluid(液体)that freezes at a very low temperature. This process runs at night, and ice forms around the tubes.

“During the day, when we are using the ice to produce cooling for customers, we run water over the outside of the ice and malt it and actually provide cool water out to the distribution system,” says John Gibson, a vice president at Veolia Energy.

Why ice? The ice essentially stores the cheaper energy that’s available at night.

“ It allows you to make ice at night, when electrical demand is lower and costs are lower, and then melt that ice during the day to supplement your mechanical refrigeration,” Gibson says. The customers don’t need to buy their own refrigeration units, so they save about 10 percent on cooling costs by using Veolia’s district setup.

Using nighttime electricity also takes the heat off the electricity network. By using ice, Veolia doesn’t need to use as much electricity during the days.

Gibson also says it’s not cheap to build all of the pipes and pumps for a district cooling system, but it saves money in the long run, especially if existing underground infrastructure (基础设施)can be used.

1. What does the underlined word“chilled” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Cooled down.B.Boiled up.C.Frozen.D.Purified.
2. Why is ice made at night?
A.It is energy-saving and economical.B.It reduces the burden of refrigeration units.
C.Buildings need less cooling.D.Cheaper water is available.
3. What is the text mainly about?
A.Unusual findings.B.An efficient network.
C.A unique cooling system.D.Velia’s mechanical refrigeration.
4. Where is this text most likely from?
A.A diary.B.A magazine.
C.A novel.D.A brochure.

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阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Nest Hub的睡眠追踪功能以及相关的隐私担忧。

【推荐1】A new product from Google may help people solve their sleep problems, but some privacy rights groups are concerned. Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device(设备)on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep.

The basic model costs about $100 and the sleep-tracking technology will be available for free for the rest of 2021. The sleep tracker makes Google’s product different from a similar home assistant from Amazon.

If you put the Nest Hub beside your bed, it can follow your sleep. That is because of a new computer chip called Soli, which can sense motion(运动). Some people may like the new technology because they would not have to wear another device to bed. Some companies make products people can only wear on their wrist to track their sleep.

Google says the new Nest Hub will create reports each week that show how long and how well a person sleeps. It will also show if they snore(打鼾), cough or wake up often. The company said it studies 15,000 people over the course of 110,000 nights to develop the technology.

For people who want to know more about their sleep, the device sounds like a good idea. But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried about what Google might do with the information it is gathering.

Google recently bought FitBit, a company that makes a health tracker people can wear on their wrist. Technology experts think Google may find a way for the Nest Hub to work with the FitBit. Google says the sleep tracker has a lot of privacy protections. For example, it will only work if the user turns it on. The company also said, “it will not use a person’s sleep information to try to sell advertising.”

1. What can be learned about the Nest Hub?
A.It is designed for users to wear on their wrist.
B.It cannot offer information about weather condition.
C.It is a sleep tracker developed by Amazon.
D.It can provide some data about users’ sleep.
2. Which of the following might be a concern about the Nest Hub?
A.Disturbing sleep.B.Letting out personal privacy.
C.Lacking advanced technology.D.Worsening personal physical problems.
3. What is expected to happen after Google bought FitBit?
A.The Nest Hub will be improved.B.Google will give up its technology.
C.Sleep information will be made full use of.D.Privacy protections will be strengthened.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Tech Companies Care About Privacy
B.Google’s Technology Makes Your Sleep Safer
C.A Device Has Been Made for Sleep Research
D.Google’s New Device May Track Your Sleep
2023-05-29更新 | 16次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约390词) | 适中 (0.65)
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,文章主要讲述了科学家们希望零能量输入的设备可以和其他集水方法一起使用,如脱盐,以提高生产率。

【推荐2】Two-thirds of the world population lives under conditions where the freshwater demand is more than twice the natural water availability for at least one month per year. According to official statistics, one billion of those live in India and 0.9 billion live in China. Other areas facing this problem for longer periods include Bangladesh (130 million people), the western and southern states of the USA (130 million), Pakistan (120 million), Nigeria (110 million), and Mexico (90 million).

Communities use a range of techniques to overcome this issue. In dry summers, those near the coast can desalinate (淡化) seawater, although the process requires a large amount of energy and expenditure. Some remote inland communities have alternative methods that suit their particular conditions. For example, many high-altitude Chilean communities in the Andes use fog collectors, specialized nets that can gather just a few liters a day.

Elsewhere, there’s another option available. Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a new device that passively harvests water from the air around the clock. The device is made up of a specially coated glass pane (玻璃板) that reflects solar radiation and also radiates away its own heat. In doing so, it cools down by as much as 15 degrees Celsius below the surrounding temperatures. This difference in temperature between the air and the pane causes water vapor to condense (凝结) on its underside, which can then be easily collected.

Tests so far have been conducted on a university building in Zurich and suggest that the device can produce twice as much water per day as other passive water-collection technologies. Under ideal conditions, researchers harvested 0.53 decilitres of water per square metre of the surface per hour. “That’s close to the theoretical maximum value of 0.6 decilitres per hour, which is physically impossible to exceed,” says Iwan Hachler, a doctoral student who is working on the technology.

The zero-energy input of the set-up could make it suitable for use in developing countries, particularly in remote communities where water shortage is often combined with power shortages. The scientists are hopeful that the device could be used with other water-collection methods, such as desalination, to increase productivity.

1. What does the author want to tell us by mentioning official statistics in Paragraph 1?
A.Fresh water insecurity is a global crisis.
B.Water resources are unevenly distributed globally.
C.Lack of water seriously restricts many countries’ growth.
D.Developed countries are better at handling water shortages.
2. How do many Chileans living in the Andes deal with the inadequate water supply?
A.By harvesting water from fog.
B.By bringing in seawater and purifying it.
C.By moving to water-rich areas in summer.
D.By cutting down on their water consumption.
3. Why is a coated glass pane used in the new device?
A.To hold the condensed water.B.To work as a cooling surface.
C.To get rid of harmful solar radiation.D.To record the changes in temperature.
4. What can be inferred about the new device?
A.It produces satisfying outcomes.B.It is limited to laboratory environments.
C.It has met with theoretical bottlenecks.D.It needs further confirmation from experts.
2023-09-08更新 | 121次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约370词) | 适中 (0.65)
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文章大意:本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了用细胞培养的肉的发展和人们的看法。

【推荐3】Meat cultivated (培植) from cells—with no need to raise and kill animals—is now a reality. The process of cultivating meat uses the basic elements needed to build muscle and fat and enables the same biological process that happens inside an animal. Cultivated meat is identical to conventional meat at the cellular level. But can it be made cheaply enough to replace animal agriculture?

More than 150 startups are pursuing an ambitious goal: meat that doesn’t require raising and killing animals and that is affordable and tastes and feels like the meat we eat now. They are part of a young industry aiming to use cell biology to reduce the environmental impact of the world’s ever-increasing demand for meat and change global protein production the way electric cars are shaking up the auto industry.

“We are addicted to meat as a species. It’s part of our culture,” said Believer founder Yaakov Nahmias. But “we thought about quantity rather than the environment, rather than sustainability.”

Although there are dozens of companies making this meat, none have yet reached commercial-level production in terms of scale or cost. From cell line development to bio-processor design, there are a number of scientific challenges to meet before cultivated meat is widely available at the market. Government policy is another challenge. Only Singapore and the U. S. allow sales of cultivated meat.

And while many people who have tried it say they like it, others find the idea distasteful. A recent survey from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research found that half of U. S. adults would be unlikely to try it. When they were asked why, about half said they didn’t think it would be safe. Even Nahmias’10-year-old son Oren said he would only eat traditional meat. “I feel bad” for the animals, he said, “but they are yummy!”

“Until this meat costs and tastes the same as traditional meat, it will remain a specialized product,” said Bruce Friedrich, president of the Good Food Institute.

1. Why does the writer ask a question in the first paragraph?
A.To indicate an opinion.B.To present a worry.
C.To make an assumption.D.To start a discussion.
2. What does the cultivated meat industry aim to do?
A.Study cell biology.B.Provide sustainable protein.
C.End world hunger.D.Help the traditional food industry.
3. What can we infer about cultivated meat?
A.It is unripe for mass production.B.It is as popular as traditional meat.
C.It is safer than traditional meat.D.It is competitive in price and quantity.
4. What is Bruce Friedrich’s attitude to the future of cultivated meat?
A.Enthusiastic.B.Dismissive.C.Unclear.D.Reserved.
2024-05-06更新 | 227次组卷
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