In the past, before alarm clocks were invented, what did people depend on to wake them up in the morning? Roosters.
“ A rooster’s crow symbolizes the break of dawn in many countries,” Takashi Yoshimura, professor at Nagoya University in Japan, told National Geographic. They are known to regularly crow two to three times at dawn.
However, scientists have long been unsure about why the animals do this. “It wasn’t clear whether crowing is under the control of a biological clock or is simply response to external stimuli.”
Roosters do react to the environment-such as car headlights-at any time of day. So it was previously thought that the increasing light in the morning might be the trigger for roosters’ crowing.
But Yoshimura and his colleagues now claim to have finally figured out the reason-roosters don’t need morning light to know when to start crowing; they will crow at the same time every day regardless of whether they can see dawn breaking.
In the study, which was published in the journal Current Biology, researchers placed 40 roosters in a soundproof, windowless room under dim lighting for 24 hours. But this didn’t deter the roosters. No matter what, they kept crowing in the morning just before dawn.
“It is proof that the behavior is caused by circadian rhythm”, said Yoshimura. In short, the roosters are genetically programmed to crow at a certain time every 24 hours.
Most animals, as well as plants, have such an internal time-keeping system. That’s why we tend to eat, sleep and exercise at around the same time every day. By consciously being aware of the schedule, our body has a chance to adapt to it, so keeping a regular biological clock is often tied to good health.
This experiment is the first of its kind to investigate the timing of roosters’ crowing. Kristen Navara, a scientist at the University of Georgia in the US who was not involved in the study, said that she wasn’t sure why no one had taken a closer look at this well-known phenomenon before.
“I think this is a very interesting study and something that should have been done a long time ago.” said Navara.
1. What has been recently discovered to make roosters crow in the morning？| A．External stimuli like noises. | B．Their biological clocks. |
| C．Exposure to morning light. | D．Increased temperature. |
| A．Prevent. | B．Attract. | C．Encourage. | D．Upset. |
| A．Roosters have the same circadian rhythms as humans. |
| B．Following our biological clocks is good for our health. |
| C．Dark conditions can have some effect on roosters’ crowing. |
| D．Roosters’ biological clocks will change to help them adapt to the environment. |
| A．Worthless. | B．Meaningful | C．Boring. | D．Unscientific. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】You may have noticed sudden, brief twitching (抽动) at some point while your dog was sleeping and wondered if they were dreaming or even expressing some type of discomfort. These involuntary movements only occur during dream states and usually don’t last long. So is twitching just a normal part of dreaming, or are there times when you should worry?
Dogs sleep an average of 12-14 hours each day. While they sleep, a dog’s brain processes information and experiences from the day through dreams. Twitching is often related to active dream cycles in the brain.
According to research by psychologist Stanley Coren, an average-size dog will dream about every 20 minutes, and these dreams will last about a minute. Larger breeds (品种) have fewer dreams that last longer—about every 45 minutes for 4 minutes. The opposite is true for smaller breed dogs; they will dream about every 10 minutes for up to 30 seconds.
Dogs experience the same dream stages as humans, including non-rapid eye movement (NREM), short-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM). During the REM state, a dog’s eyes move around behind their closed eyelids, and the large body muscles are turned off so the dream is not physically acted out. The amount of twitching depends on how much these off switches cramp muscle movement.
If your dog sleeps next to you, they may unintentionally disturb your sleep with their sudden body movements. However, it is often advised not to awaken a dog that is twitching in their sleep unless they are clearly in distress.
A bad dream or night terror could be the cause of these involuntary movements, and they may wake up frightened. Try to avoid touching them so they don’t bite you as a result of being shocked and panicked. Instead, gently call your dog’s name until they respond. Speak calmly and tell them that they are safe and secure after they wake up. While they appear to be pretty active in their sleep, dreaming dogs may be slaw to awaken.
1. Which of the following influences how often dogs dream?| A．Their sleeping time. | B．Their body size. |
| C．Their daily experiences. | D．Their health conditions. |
| A．Adventure. | B．Power. | C．Suffering. | D．Thought. |
| A．To avoid being bitten by the dog. | B．To ensure the dog enough sleep. |
| C．To make the dog getting shocked. | D．To escape being annoyed by the dog. |
| A．How does dogs’ brain work? | B． Why do dogs twitch in their sleep? |
| C．Why do dogs dream at night? | D．How does dogs’ twitch affect their sleep? |
【推荐2】A mysterious killer has been destroying sea stars. Scientists had thought an infection was to blame. A new study does point to bacteria as the killer. But the bacteria appear to make those sea stars unable to breathe, not infect them.
In 2013, a disease known as sea-star wasting broke out off the U.S. Pacific Coast and the sea stars there died in massive numbers. “It is hard to figure out the complex disease,” says Ian Hewson, a marine biologist at Cornell University. First, Hewson and his group found a virus in unhealthy sea stars in 2014, but later studies found no connection between it and sea-star deaths. They then explored other factors, such as differences in water temperature. They also tried exposing the animals to bacteria. But nothing reliably caused the wasting disease.
However, when comparing bacteria living with healthy sea stars with those living with unhealthy animals, the scientists found higher levels of certain types of bacteria around sick sea stars. Some bacteria were copiotrophs, which grow rapidly in areas with lots of nutrients (营养). And some were the bacteria that survive only in environments with little to no oxygen.
To re-create these conditions in the lab, the researchers added nutrients to stimulate bacterial growth in the tubs with sea stars. Sure enough, the animals got sick. When they reduced the oxygen in the water, similarly, it caused wounds in three out of every four sea stars. However, no sea star getting normal oxygen levels got sick. The study shows that copiotrophs are stealing oxygen from the water, causing sea-star wasting. Dying sea stars produce more nutrients, which may help bacteria to grow on nearby animals. “It’s a bit of a snowball effect.” Hewson says.
“The problem may worsen with climate change, because warmer waters can hold less oxygen than colder waters. Bacteria such as copiotrophs also grow rapidly in warm water. But knowing the likely cause could help experts better treat sick sea stars,” Hewson says.
1. What can we learn about sea-star wasting disease?| A．Bacteria are connected with the disease. | B．An infection is the cause of the disease. |
| C．Higher temperature can help treat the disease. | D．Exposing starfish to bacteria can cure the disease. |
| A．They put nutrients into the tubs to help bacteria to grow rapidly. |
| B．They reduced the oxygen in the water to see what would happen. |
| C．They compared copiotrophs with the bacteria living without oxygen. |
| D．They observed the bacteria living with healthy and unhealthy sea stars. |
| A．The disease can greatly affect the ocean environment. | B．Dying sea stars can help bacteria to cause more death. |
| C．The death of sea stars makes climate change get worse. | D．The effect of sea star wasting is as small as a snowball. |
| A．A mysterious virus is causing sea stars unable to breathe |
| B．Bacteria are stealing oxygen from water and killing sea stars |
| C．Dying sea stars become a big concern for marine biologists |
| D．Climate change makes it more difficult for sea stars to survive |
【推荐3】Once there was a very old lion. As he grew older, he became weak and slow. He could no longer hunt animals. So he was not able to eat any food.
The lion was sure he would soon die. He was very sad. As he slowly walked home, the lion told a bird about his sad situation.
The other animals felt sorry for the lion. “That’s awful,” they said. “We should visit the lion and see how he is doing.” So one by one, they went to visit the lion in his cave.
The lion was old and weak, but he was also very smart. When each animal came into his cave, they were easy to catch and eat. Soon the lion became fat.
Still he kept pretending to be sick. And the animals kept going into the lion’s cave. After a while, many of the animals of the forest had disappeared.
One day, early in the morning, the fox went to the lion’s cave. The fox was very smart, too. He slowly walked close to the cave. Standing outside the cave, the fox called out, “Hello. How are you feeling now?”
The lion answered, “I am not doing well. Why don’t you come in? I can’t see you. Come closer and tell me some kind words. I am old and will die soon.”
While the lion was talking, the fox was looking closely at the ground. The fox suddenly realized what the lion was doing.
Finally, the fox looked up and answered, “No, thank you. I can see many footprints (脚印) entering your cave. But I cannot see any footprints leaving your cave.”
1. The other animals felt _________for the lion when hearing about his situation.| A．surprised | B．happy |
| C．interested | D．sorry |
| A．they were caught and eaten by the lion |
| B．they moved to live in another forest |
| C．the bird asked them to leave the forest |
| D．there wasn’t enough food for them |
| A．The lion was too busy to hunt the animals. |
| B．Though the lion was stupid, he was strong. |
| C．The fox knew the truth through the footprints. |
| D．The fox thought the lion was very honest. |
| A．Work hard today to prepare for tomorrow. |
| B．Slow and steady(稳) wins the race. |
| C．A wise person learns from the bad luck of others. |
| D．No one believes liars even when they tell the truth. |
【推荐1】Sneezing is one of the many wonders of the human body and one of our protective reflexes (反射动作). When something stimulates the inside of our nose - such as dust or pollen - the tiny nerve endings inside our nose send a message to our brain that in turn sends out messages to many parts of our body to release the sneeze.
Sometimes you feel the urge to sneeze when you're in a meeting or during the quiet part of a play or concert. You might do your best to stifle the reflex so you don't sneeze. But it's better to interrupt your coworkers and seatmates than risk health consequences, say researchers.
According to a case described in the journal BMJ Case Reports, a 34 - year - old in Leicester in the U. K. ended up hurting his throat while trying to hold in a forceful sneeze. The man said he felt a “popping” sensation in his neck after pinching (捏) his nose and holding his mouth closed to stop a sneeze. The pressure didn't have anywhere to go, so it tore the soft tissue. The man had to be fed by a tube after the incident and eventually made a full recovery.
I know all sorts of sneezers, quiet ones and loud ones. Each person is different. As Dr. Mitchell Grayson, a professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, explains, “Some people have bouts (一阵) of sneezing. It's a neurologic reflex, and it depends on the person. Some people may have 10 to 20 sneezes in a row.” It usually depends on the level of irritation in your nose, because you'll keep sneezing until you get it out.
The saying that your eyes will pop out of your head if you sneeze with them open is false. Our eyes shutting tight when we sneeze is simply a reflex, much like our leg going up when our knee is tapped. It doesn't really have a good reason 一 it just happens.
1. What does the underlined word “stifle” in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Stop | B．Relax |
| C．Strengthen | D．Change |
| A．To introduce a new topic | B．To support the second paragraph |
| C．To summarize previous paragraphs | D．To highlight the main idea of the text |
| A．The personal habits | B．The emotional state |
| C．The health condition | D．The stimulation level |
| A．the pressure has nowhere to go | B．they don't want to hurt their throat |
| C．their eyes may pop out | D．a protective reflex happens |
【推荐2】As we all know, trees are always stationary: they stay more or less where you plant them, and no one worries about finding a tree wandering around a park or back yard.
However, there is one special exception, some say: the so-called walking palm tree (棕桐树) was found in the rainforests of Central and South America. Many people believe it can really walk around. This is because of its unusual root system: while most trees have one trunk, the palm breaks into many smaller roots a few feet off the ground, giving it the appearance of many little legs.
The amazing walking ability of the palm tree has always been told by rainforest guides to tourists for years, and appears in many sources of documents as an amazing plant adaptation. As journalist Sherry Seethaler writes in her book Curious Folks Ask 2: “Screen writers searching for the perfect B-movie (小成本电影) plant hero could take inspiration from the walking palm. The tree slowly walks from shade to sunlight by growing new roots toward the light.”
A tree that walks in search of the sun is a fascinating, strange story. And it’s not true either; the tree is real enough, but it doesn’t walk. It sits where it began to grow, not moving except under the force of wind or an axe.
Biologist Gerardo Avalos is one of the world’s top experts on the palm tree. His analysis of the plant and its roots shows that the walking tree can’t walk because its roots don’t move. A few roots on one side or another may die off, but the trunk itself remains, well, rooted to the spot.
“My paper proves that the belief of the walking palm is just a myth,” Avalos said. “Thinking that a palm tree could actually track the sunlight changes by moving slowly over the forest floor… is a myth that tourist guides find amusing to tell visitors to the rainforest.”
1. What is the reason for no worries about wandering trees?| A．Trees are not always standing. | B．Trees are not always moving. |
| C．Trees are not always growing. | D．Trees are not always dying. |
| A．It has no roots underground. | B．It appears to have several trunks. |
| C．It grows a few feet off the ground. | D．It appears to have many little legs. |
| A．It wanders around the rainforest at night. |
| B．It grows in Central and North America. |
| C．It is a popular attraction among visitors. |
| D．It grows well in the shade of the rainforests. |
| A．The palm tree cannot actually walk at all. |
| B．The palm tree can move its roots. |
| C．The palm tree can track the sunlight. |
| D．The palm tree cannot keep its trunk growing. |
【推荐3】Time and how we experience it have always puzzled us. Physicists have created fascinating theories, but their time is measured by a pendulum (钟摆) and is not psychological time, which leaps with little regard to the clock or calendar. As someone who understood the distinction observed, “When you sit with a nice girl for two hours it seems like a minute, but when you sit on a hot stove, a minute seems like two hours.”
Psychologists have long noticed that larger units of time, such as months and years, fly on swifter wings as we age. They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more rapidly it seems to pass. For example, a day at the office flies compared with a day at the beach.
Expectation and familiarity also make time seem to flow more rapidly. Almost all of us have had the experience of driving somewhere we’ve never been before. Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real idea of when we’ll arrive, we experience the trip as if lasting a long time. But the return trip, although exactly as long, seems to take far less time. The novelty of the outward journey has become routine.
When days become as similar as beads (小珠子) on a string, they mix together, and even months become a single day. To counter this, try to find ways to interrupt the structure of your day — to stop time, so to speak.
Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days of our youth seems so full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. For many of us learning ends when we leave school, but this doesn’t have to be.
1. What can we know about time from Paragraph 1?| A．Physical time has little to do with the calendar. |
| B．Physical time is distinct from psychological time. |
| C．Time should not be measured by a pendulum. |
| D．Psychological time is quite more fascinating. |
| A．A day spent exploring something unknown. |
| B．Staying with a person who you dislike. |
| C．A day packed with appointments to handle. |
| D．Driving to a new place for the first time. |
| A．Unfamiliarity. | B．Excitement. | C．Imagination. | D．Amusement. |
| A．To show the difference between physical and psychological time. |
| B．To explain why time flies and how to slow it down psychologically. |
| C．To describe how most of us experience time psychologically. |
| D．To give various explanations about fascinating time theories. |
【推荐1】In any theatrical performance the actors are just a small part of the people needed.
Once the play has been decided by the director, the actors must be chosen. This is done by casting, a very skillful and important occupation. The actors will create a success or a failure out of a production. They have to be right for the part they will play, and also work well with the director.
Production planning is the next important step. The style of the play is confirmed (确定) and then a small model of the different rooms on stage (the sets) is created. It will be important that the sets can be taken down and rebuilt easily as the production may be moved to different theatres.
Detailed drawings of each set are produced and the Workshop, Paintshop and Props Department go to work. The Props Department is responsible for some of the stage furniture plus the extra items which the actor will need while they are on stage.
The Costume Designer decides how all the actors will be dressed. This includes shoes, hats, costumes, jewels. Costume makers have fittings with the actors to get the costume sizes right for the whole cast. Wigs (假发) and make-up are dealt with by another set of experts.
It is the Stage Planning team who schedule rehearsals (排练) and decisions made here will affect how the production is organized.
The Stage Department is responsible for making sure that everything at the theatre is in place and working properly. Before the play is performed, they will have a technical run of the performance in which the Lighting and Sound team work to create the right effects.
Few realize how many people are behind the scenes every time the curtain rises at the theatre!
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．The course of a theatrical performance. |
| B．The course of choosing actors. |
| C．The importance of a director’s job. |
| D．The work behind the stage. |
| A．the rehearsal | B．the production planning |
| C．the casting | D．the discussion of a play’s style |
| A．it will save much money |
| B．the sets will often be used in different theatres |
| C．the director wants to create the right effects |
| D．it will make the stage convenient for the actors to use |
a. creating stage settings b. finishing the casting
c. deciding a play d. having rehearsals
| A．b﹣a﹣d﹣c. | B．b﹣a﹣c﹣d. |
| C．c﹣b﹣a﹣d. | D．a﹣b﹣c﹣ d. |
【推荐2】It’s a safe bet that a robot made your car and made your computer. Pretty soon, they could be making your bed and breakfast too.
Increasingly, engineers are saying that robots are going to move out of research departments and into your home. Companies including General Electric are working on designs for small robots. Products like the Roomba, a robot that can clean floors, are flying off the shelves.
What’s behind this new robot revolution? It’s partly a matter of technology. Devices that can recognize and respond to a human voice have been developed. There are now a few different ways for robots to move around. They can walk, crawl or ride on wheels. Robots are being made smaller and smaller. They are also becoming more and more able.
A bigger part of the story is on the demand side. From the day the television remote control was invented, people around the world have searched for new ways to be lazy. Take into consideration that more and more people can afford robots, and the time seems ripe to introduce robots to the ordinary family.
To be sure, robots that walk on two legs and talk like people are still a long way off. However, robots that do basic housework such as cleaning or gardening are sure to come out soon. One thing is certain — when these robots do come into our homes, will change things forever.
1. The underlined part “flying off the shelves” in the second paragraph means __________.| A．selling well | B．cleaning the shelves smartly |
| C．flying freely | D．dropping onto the floor |
| A．Making beds and breakfast. | B．Making cars and computers. |
| C．Cleaning floors. | D．Looking after kids and pets. |
| A．Science and technology. | B．Rapid development of companies. |
| C．Effective marketing means. | D．Great demand from the buyers. |
| A．Robots have already come into every home. |
| B．Technology is the only basis of the development of robots. |
| C．General Electric is not interested in designing small robots. |
| D．Robots that can walk on two legs and talk like people are still far from us. |
【推荐3】After years of debate, gray wolves were reintroduced (重新引进) to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and moved to the park. By 2016, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and other pans of United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals ate large amounts of plants, which reduced plant diversity(多样性) in the park. With the disappearance of gray wolves, coyote (草原狼) populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a great number of red foxes in the park, and completely drove away the park’s beavers (河狸).
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many framers were against the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years thinking lip a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．Wildlife research in the United States. |
| B．Plain diversity in the Yellowstone area. |
| C．A war between American farmers and gray wolves. |
| D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. |
| A．Killed one by one. |
| B．Separated from relatives. |
| C．Forced to move out. |
| D．Followed secretly. |
| A．The number of deer increased fast. |
| B．More people moved into the park. |
| C．Red foxes ate too many plants. |
| D．Beavers in the park were all killed. |
| A．they believed it could keep the park back to normal |
| B．they knew the government was considering that too |
| C．they were sure it would solve the elk and coyote problems |
| D．they thought farmers needn’t worry about animals and pets |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Positive. |
| C．Negative (反对). | D．Uncaring. |
【推荐1】My mum is always at work and my sisters are never around, so I have nothing to do. My house is boring. The train lets me escape and explore.
I have been taking the train for five years. I've learned that it's fast and convenient. I live about two miles from the Blue Line Imperial Station. I like taking the train because it gives me freedom.
My favourite place to go is downtown. I take the train to Macy's Plaza in front of the 7th Street Station to do some shopping at Borders or Victoria's Secret, or to get something to eat at the food court. With 25 cents, you can take the DASH bus from the station to get to the Fashion District. Since I like making accessories(首饰) like earrings, love going there because of all the deals on jewelry supplies.
I take the train to the Museum of Contemporary Art with friends on the first Sunday of every month since we can get in for free. We tour around the museum and get to do an art project at the end. like going to the museum because there are a lot of wonderful things.
The cool thing about the train is that it connects to other train lines, which lets you see different parts of the city. The Gold Line runs from Union Station northeast to Pasadena and now east to East LA. The Red Line goes from downtown to Hollywood. The Green Line goes from Norwalk to several beaches. When I don't know how to get somewhere, I go to mta. net, type in my starting point and end point and get times and routes. I hardly ever get lost.
1. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that________.| A．the writer's sisters are always busy with their work |
| B．the writer doesn't get along well with her family |
| C．the writer doesn't know how to kill time |
| D．the writer doesn't like staying at home alone |
| A．To do some shopping. |
| B．To eat pizza. |
| C．To visit her friends. |
| D．To make accessories. |
| A．she often takes a map with her |
| B．she is familiar with every line |
| C．she often has a travel guide with her |
| D．she often refers to a website for bus and train lines |
【推荐2】When it comes to academic achievement, intelligence is an important factor——but it is certainly not the only, or even the most important factor.
According to a new Australian study, personality is a better predictor of success in school than intelligence as measured by traditional standardized tests. Specifically, students who were more hard-working and opener perform better academically than those who were merely intelligent.
Australian researchers compared measurements of the Big Five personality traits (特性)——extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience——to college students’ grades and test scores. They asked students to complete personality self-assessment, and also asked others who knew the students well to complete assessments of them. They found that the students’ self-assessments were as effective as intelligence in predicting academic performance, and that the reports from those who knew them well were nearly four times more accurate in predicting academic performance than intelligence.
The researchers found that the factors of openness and conscientiousness had the largest influence on academic success, in agreement with previous research which has linked these two traits with various types of achievement Studies have shown openness to experience which has to do with intellectual curiosity, and how excited we get to acquire new information——to be the number-one predictor of creative achievement. Conscientiousness, on the other hand, is only one of the Big Five traits that is consistently predicting success.
“In practical terms, the amount of effort students are prepared to put in, and where that effort is focused, are at least as important as whether the students are smart,” the study’s lead author, Dr. Arthur Poropat of Griffith University’s School of Applied Psychology, said in a statement. “And a student with the most helpful personality will score a full grade higher than an average student in this regard.”
The findings come as an important reminder that children who may not be considered “smart” by traditional measures may still become highly successful through their own efforts. And since personality may be more malleable (可塑的) than intellectual capability, helping struggling students develop beneficial personality traits——particularly intellectual curiosity and a strong sense of work responsibility——may be a powerful means of improving academic performance. Fortunately, high-IQ students who struggle more with attitude and social skills can also learn to develop these qualities.
“Personality does change and some educators indeed have trained aspects of students’ conscientiousness and openness, leading them to greater learning capacity,” Poropat said in the statement. “By contrast, there is little evidence that intelligence can be ‘taught’, despite the popularity of brain-training apps.”
1. According to the passage, intelligence ________.| A．is one of the Big Five personality traits |
| B．has a great influence on success in school |
| C．plays a decisive role in academic performance |
| D．is more accurate than personality in predicting success |
| A．Students didn’t make self-assessments seriously. |
| B．Intelligence accurately predicted academic performance. |
| C．Students’ self-assessments are not related to their intelligence. |
| D．Assessments done by others are more reliable than self-assessments. |
| A．Intelligence. | B．Responsibility. | C．Openness. | D．Conscientiousness. |
| A．high-IQ students have good personality traits |
| B．intelligence can be developed with brain-training apps |
| C．personality-training may help unintelligent students achieve success |
| D．openness and conscientiousness aren’t very important to smart children |
【推荐3】Adults with a poor education are also likely to have poor health, a growing body of evidence suggests. Study after study has confirmed the link, and now experts are zeroing in on the reasons for it and what can be done. “Persons with a higher education tend to have better jobs, and better income, better benefits,” said David R. Williams, a professor of public health in America.
Those benefits, he said, go beyond health benefits to include such other factors as having the flexibility to take a day off or part of a day to see a doctor. “People with higher levels of education tend to have more resources to cope with stress and life,” Williams said. They have stress, of course, but also more resources to cope with it — such as access to a health club to exercise away the stress — than people with less education, he said.
“Being better educated also means that a person is more likely to understand the world of modern medicine,” said Erik Angner, an assistant professor of philosophy and economics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, who has researched the link between education and happiness. “Modem medicine is incredibly complex. And if you lack the basic reading skills required to function adequately in the health-care environment, you might find it harder to effectively understand your medical care.”
A report issued by Williams’ commission found that, compared with college graduates, adults who did not graduate from high school were 2.5 times as likely to be less than very good health. The report suggested that factors outside the medical system play an important role in determining people’s health. Access to medical care is crucial, but it isn’t enough to improve health. What’s needed, they suggested, is increased focus on schools and education — encouraging people to obtain more education.
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?| A．Poor Education May Lead to Poor Health |
| B．Higher Education Can Bring More Income |
| C．Happiness Comes from Good Education |
| D．Medical Care Safeguards Good Health |
| A．Resources to deal with life. |
| B．Ways to exercise away stress. |
| C．Factors concerning a higher education. |
| D．Benefits related to a higher education. |
| A．Better education means understanding the world better. |
| B．Modem medicine world is too difficult to understand. |
| C．People with a good education may be happier. |
| D．Reading skills help in understanding medical care. |
| A．Adults are less likely to have good health. |
| B．The medical system determines people’s health. |
| C．More education is needed to improve health. |
| D．More access to medical care is important. |
