Studies show that humans and cats have been living together for about 9,500 years. Dogs have lived with humans longer than cats, and dogs have been trained to do what people want them to do.
As cat owners know well, cats do not follow humans in the same way dogs do. As a result, many people have come to think that maybe cats do not understand human language. A report shows that cats understand human language well enough to recognize their own names. The report tells a series of experiments with house cats in Japan. In these tests, people said four words that were similar to cats' names, and each word had the same number of syllables and some of the same sounds.
The cats seemed to lose interest after the speaker said a few of the words. Then the person said the cats' names. The cats moved their ears when they heard their names. They also moved their feet.
In another part of the experiment，Japanese researchers went to a cat café, a business where humans can come to spend time with cats. They compared house cats to cats that live at the cat cafe. When people said the names of the cats staying in the cat café, these house cats reacted as much to the names of the cats living at the cat cafe just as to their own names. The researchers thought this was because visitors may give food to the cats when they reacted.
The researchers hope that the findings from their study will help both cats and people. They add that perhaps cats can learn words to warn them of dangerous things or places.
1. What does the report show?| A．Dogs can recognize their names. | B．Cats know nothing about humans. |
| C．Cats understand some human language. | D．Dogs have lived with humans shorter than cats. |
| A．They moved their ears. | B．They made a big noise. |
| C．They moved off the speaker. | D．They touched the speaker with their feet. |
| A．To take care of cats. | B．To do an experiment with cats. |
| C．To buy some cat food. | D．To drink coffee. |
| A．The cats like to live with human beings. | B．The cats can understand what human says. |
| C．The cats and dogs both are friends of human. | D．Human like dogs better than the cats. |
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【推荐1】There was a time when we thought humans were special in so many ways. Now we know better. We are not the only species that feels emotions, or follows a moral code. Neither are we the only ones with personalities, cultures and the ability to design and use tools. Yet we have all agree that one thing, at least, makes us unique: we alone have the ability of language.
It turns out that we are not so special in this aspect either. Key to the revolutionary reassessment of our talent for communication is the way we think about language itself. Where once it was seen as an unusual object, today scientists find it is more productive to think of language as a group of abilities. Viewed this way, it becomes apparent that the component parts of language are not as unique as the whole.
Take gesture, arguably the starting point for language. Until recently, it was considered uniquely human - but not any more. Mike Tomasello of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and others have collected a list of gestures observed in monkeys and some other animals, which reveals that gestures plays a large role in their communication. Ape(猿) gestures can involve touch, vocalising or eye movement, and individuals wait until they have another ape’s attention before making visual or auditory gestures. If their gestures go unacknowledged, they will often repeat them.
In an experiment carried out in 2006 by Erica Cartmill and Richard Byrne from the University of St Andrews in the UK, they got a person to sit on a chair with some highly desirable food such as banana to one side of apes and some undesirable food such as vegetables to the other. The apes, who could see the person and the food from their enclosures, gestured at their human partners to encourage them to push the desirable food their way. If the person showed incomprehension and offered the vegetables, the animals would change their gestures - just as a human would in a similar situation. If the human seemed to understand while being somewhat confused, giving only half the preferred food, the apes would repeat and exaggerate their gestures - again in exactly the same way a human would. Such findings highlight the fact that the gestures of the animals are not merely inborn but are learned, flexible and under voluntary control - all characteristics that are considered preconditions for human-like communication.
1. It is agreed that compared with all the other animals, only human beings ________.| A．own the ability to show their personalities |
| B．are capable of using language to communicate |
| C．have moral standards and follow them in society |
| D．are intelligent enough to release and control emotions |
| A．involve some abilities that can be mastered by animals |
| B．is a talent impossibly owned by other animals |
| C．can be divided into different components |
| D．are productive for some talented animals |
| A．Apes can use language to communicate with the help of humans. |
| B．Repeating and exaggerating gestures is vital in language communication. |
| C．Some animals can learn to express and communicate through some trials. |
| D．The preferred food stimulates some animals to use language to communicate. |
| A．Language involves gestures! | B．Animals language - gestures! |
| C．So you think humans are unique? | D．The similarity between humans and apes. |
【推荐2】If you have ever tried to catch a resting butterfly, you know it is surprisingly difficult. A new study helps explain why.
Previous research had suggested that a butterfly's overhead wing clap forces the insect forward. Researchers thought the wing clap likely formed a pocket of air that shoots out like a jet, but no one had tested that until now.
To understand their flight, they placed six butterflies one at a time inside a wind tunnel which was filled with smoke and then used a laser to light up the smoke just behind the butterfly. Four high-speed cameras were placed in the tunnel to take photos of the movement of the butterfly and the-smoke as the butterfly was taking off. This let the researchers create a 3D picture of that air movement as the insect flapped its wings.
They observed a total of 25 takeoffs by six butterflies. Each included up to three wing beats after takeoff.The butterflies proved more likely to clap their wings together during the first few wing beats than later in flight.
The photos show that forces created by the wings give rise to a flight path. The butterflies rise as their wings move down and shoot forward as their wings move up. A wing clap on takeoff, paired with a quick turn, allowed the butterflies to fly away quickly. They also noticed the wings formed an air pocket just before clapping and that the wings' flexibility and this pocket improved the jet force created by the clap.
“The study is exciting,” says Ayodeji Bode-Oke, a mechanical engineer in Charlottesville. That means “we have solved the longtime puzzle about how butterflies fly, and it proves nothing is impossible on the road of scientific research. I can't wait to learn about how the study might inform designs for small aerial vehicles.”
1. Why was laser used in the experiment?| A．To frighten the butterflies into lying. |
| B．To help researchers observe the butterflies. |
| C．To help take clear photos of air movement. |
| D．To guide the butterflies through the smoke. |
| A．Butterflies fly forward as wings move down. |
| B．An air pocket forms after butterflies clap wings. |
| C．Butterflies beat wings three times before taking off. |
| D．Upward wing movements help butterflies fly forward. |
| A．helping catch a resting butterfly more easily |
| B．helping do research on other butterfly-like insects |
| C．helping provide inspiration for making small flying vehicles |
| D．helping widen the applications of small flying vehicle |
| A．Why Can Butterflies Fly Like a Jet? |
| B．How Can Butterflies Make Wing Claps? |
| C．How Can Butterflies Make Quick Turns? |
| D．Why Can Butterflies Run Away Quickly? |
【推荐3】Since the first report of “zombie deer” about 50 years ago, sightings of the deer have spread to several parts of the United States, mostly because the cause of the disease has spread as well. “Zombie deer”, of course, has to do with a deadly disease.
“Zombie deer” disease is a type of prion disease that affects deer. Prions are small, abnormal, infectious proteins that cause proteins in the body to fold abnormally. The disease gets more serious as it progresses, and it is always deadly.
“A lot of the concern about this disease is based on something that occurred years ago,” said Doctor Ryan Maddox. Maddox was referring to fears from another prion disease, “mad cow,” which was first found in England, where it spread to humans. “Mad cow” disease is not what is affecting the deer.
This disease is spread between deer through direct contact or indirect contact with infected soil, water or food. Once introduced to an area: this disease can spread quickly among deer. Even after an infected deer dies, the risk of it spreading to other deer can last a long time. Although the rate of infection in deer across the country is low, infection rates may be as high as 10 to 25% in places where it is common.
Deer with this disease may not show it for several months to years. But slowly, signs of the disease may develop, including dramatic weight loss, trembling, thirst and aggression. Infected deer may also display a lack of fear of people and may be more out in the open, making them more susceptible(易受影响的)to hunting.
There is no evidence that this disease occurs in humans or that humans can even get infected. If the disease were able to spread to people, the most likely way would be through eating infected deer meat. In areas where the disease is common, hunters are supposed to test the animals before they eat their meat. If they test positive, meat from that animal should not be eaten.
1. Why are people concerned about zombie deer discase?| A．There is no certain cure for it. | B．Humans may get infected with it. |
| C．It will kill all the deer soon. | D．It gets more serious than before. |
| A．It spreads only through direct contact. |
| B．It’s hard to rid other deer of being infected. |
| C．It’s common in one quarter of American states. |
| D．The speed of its spreading is slower than expected. |
| A．It becomes fatter than before. | B．It tends to be gentler than before. |
| C．It becomes less balanced than before. | D．It becomes less alert than before. |
| A．Have the deer tested first. | B．Assess the danger of eating it. |
| C．Keep it in fridge for days. | D．Check the deer’s living environment. |
【推荐1】Our brains have an “auto-correct” feature that we use when re-interpreting (重新解释) ambiguous sounds, according to new research. The study sheds light on how the brain uses information gathered after the discovering of an initial sound to aid speech comprehension. The findings point to new ways we use information and context to aid in speech comprehension.
“What a person thinks they hear does not always match the actual signals that reach the ear,” explains lead author Laura Gwilliams. “This is because the brain re-evaluates the interpretation of a speech sound at the moment each following speech sound is heard in order to update interpretations as necessary,” Gwilliams says.
It’s well known that the perception of a speech sound is determined by its surrounding context — in the form of words, sentences and other speech sounds. This plays out in everyday life — when we talk, the actual speech we produce is often ambiguous. For example, when a friend says she has a “dent (凹痕)” in her car, you may hear “tent”. Although this kind of ambiguity happens regularly, we, as listeners, are hardly aware of it. “This is because the brain automatically resolves the ambiguity for us — it picks an interpretation and that’s what we perceive to hear,” explains Gwilliams. “The way the brain does this is by using the surrounding context to narrow down the possibilities of what the speaker may mean.”
In the study, the researchers sought to understand how the brain uses this following information to adjust our perception of what we initially heard. To do this, they conducted a series of experiments in which the subjects listened to isolated syllables and similarly sounding words. Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds. The brain makes commitments to its “best guess” of how to interpret the signal after about half a second.
1. What is the study mainly about?| A．Why people make unclear sounds. | B．How brains understand unclear words. |
| C．How brains tell apart useful information. | D．Why some people process information faster. |
| A．It is normal for people to make unclear sounds. |
| B．People are more likely to mishear their friends. |
| C．People can understand others even if they mishear a word. |
| D．People are likely to mistake a word for something familiar. |
| A．They seemed to be useless. | B．They were noticed instantly. |
| C．They led to misunderstanding. | D．They stopped us thinking further. |
| A．The previous speech sound. | B．The similarly sounding word. |
| C．The unclearly sounding word. | D．The following speech sound. |
【推荐2】Gravity is one of those things we take completely for granted: It is always there, and it never changes. If the Earth’s gravity were ever to change significantly, it would affect nearly everything, because so many things are designed around the current state of gravity.
If gravity were to suddenly double, it would be almost as bad, because everything would be twice as heavy. There would be big problems with anything structural. Houses, bridges, skyscrapers, table legs, support columns and so on are all sized for normal gravity.
What this article shows you is just how necessary gravity is to our world.
| A．This is the problem the moon has. |
| B．That’s why there is no life in the moon’s atmosphere. |
| C．The structure may not last if the gravity was reduced. |
| D．We can’t live without it, and we can’t afford to have it change. |
| E．Imagine that, one day, there was no force of gravity on planet Earth. |
| F．In other words, no one would last long if the planet didn’t have gravity. |
| G．Most buildings would collapse fairly quickly if you doubled the load on them. |
【推荐3】As pictures of the recent Northern California wildfires confirm, living on the edge of a forest comes with considerable dangers. But new research from Germany suggested closeness to a wooded area may not have all unfavorable effects.
In a study of older urban residents, it was found that living close to forest land is linked with strong, healthy functioning of a key part of the brain. This indicates that, compared with those who live in a mostly man-made environment, people who live on the boarder between city and forest may be better able to deal with stress.
“The findings suggest forests in and around cities are valuable resources that should be promoted,” writes a research team led by Simon Kuehn of the Max Plank Institute for Human Development in Berlin.
The researcher analyzed data on 341 participants in the Berlin Aging Study II, all of whom were between the ages of 61 and 82. They specifically looked at three different signals of brain structural function, each of which provided distinct information on several key brain regions. They also noted the amount of forest land within a one-kilometer distance of each participant’s home address.
“Our results reveal a significant positive association between the coverage of forest and amygdale (扁桃腺) function,” the researchers report. The amygdale is the set of neurons (神经元) that plays a key role in processing emotions, including fear and anxiety.
Perhaps surprisingly, Kuehn and her colleges found the amygdale function wasn’t germane to living close to urban green spaces such as parks, or bodies of water. Only closeness to forest land had this apparent positive effect.
More research will be needed to confirm that forest has a stronger, measurable impact on brain health than exposure to other forms of nature. But the evidence keeps mounting that, in stressful times, there is much to gain by surrounding yourself with plants and …
1. What’s the finding of the new research?| A．Brain activities relate to stress control. |
| B．Man-made environment may lead to stress. |
| C．Old urban citizens have healthier brain functions. |
| D．Living near a forest may help relieve pressure. |
| A．The result of the new study. |
| B．The standard of choosing participants. |
| C．The preparations for the study. |
| D．The process of the new study. |
| A．beneficial to | B．damaged by |
| C．relevant to | D．limited to |
| A．Cautious. | B．Favorable. |
| C．Ambiguous. | D．Disapproving. |
【推荐1】Every living thing has DNA that can be used to identify it. They leave bits of DNA behind them wherever they go. DNA left behind like this is called “environmental” DNA, or eDNA. Scientists can use it to tell what kinds of animals are in a certain place.
Testing eDNA isn’t a new idea. Most of the time, scientists used to look for eDNA in water. Now, there are two teams of scientists who have come up with a new way of identifying animals in an area by testing eDNA in the air.
Both teams chose to test in zoos because there were rare animals not naturally found in the area. One team collected samples from different locations at Denmark’s Copenhagen Zoo, and the other team did it at Hamerton Zoo Park in the UK.
Basically, both teams used vacuums and fans to collect tiny bits of eDNA in the air. After collecting samples, they went back to the laboratory and compared their samples with examples of DNA from different animals. Therefore, the scientists were able to identify many different animals at the zoos.
Both teams have tracked different animals, even endangered ones without interfering with them in this new way. They are so excited about their new way that they combine their results of the test and publish a paper together in order to invite more scientists to join them.
However, it’s still unknown that whether this new way will work out fine or not in the wild nature. If scientists know where the wild animals live, they can do a better job of protecting them.
So the next step is to figure out how to take this new method into nature.
1. The two teams of scientists did the following things EXCEPT_________.| A．using vacuums and fans to collect tiny bits of eDNA in the air |
| B．knowing how to collect eDNA samples in the wild nature |
| C．comparing their samples with examples of DNA from different animals |
| D．working together to publish a paper |
| A．Two Teams of Scientists Find Rare Animals | B．Differences Between DNA and eDNA |
| C．Scientists Identify Animals by eDNA in the Air | D．How to Track Endangered Animals |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
【推荐2】Sports fandom is about more than just entertainment. It can boost your self-esteem (自尊) and make you happier — and you don’t have to root for the winning team to gain the benefits.
Being a sports fan is a “very psychologically healthy activity,” says Daniel Wann, professor at Murray State University whose research program centers on the psychology of sport fandom. Fandom connects us to other like-minded people, which satisfies our human need for belonging, he says.
These relationships are significant: People who identify as sports fans have higher levels of self-esteem, lower levels of loneliness and tend to be more satisfied with their lives compared to those who aren’t interested in sports, Wann says. Fans tend to have more access to social support, help and resources as well. Research suggests that when people have support from their communities, they have better health.
Beyond bonding, fans get to enjoy the psychological benefits of winning, even if they have nothing to do with the players or games, says Stephen Reysen, associate professor at Texas A&M University-Commerce who studies identity and fandom.
“Individuals feel that the fan interest (in this case a sport team) is a part of them,” Reysen says. “So when the team is winning, you feel like you are winning even though you are not a player.”
Of course, teams sometimes lose.
So, why do people continue to put their faith behind teams that tend to lose? People who feel a strong psychological connection to a team are more likely to root for a team when they’re having a losing season, Reysen says.
“Sports fandom has nothing to do with the outcome of a game,” Wann says. For example, if a pizza restaurant continually got your order wrong, you’d likely switch to a more reliable one. But because being a fan is so central to people’s identities, people are willing to accept defeat and continue to be loyal to a team.
Being part of a fan community can also help people cope with losses. A 2019 study found that watching a football game with other fans helps to ease the negative psychological effects of losing.
“For fans of the losing team, sharing the pain may have protected them from losing self-esteem,” Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, co-author of the study and professor of communication at The Ohio State University said in a release.
1. According to the passage, why do sports fans feel happier?| A．Because they could gain the benefits from the winning team. |
| B．Because they can share pains and happiness with people who have the common interests. |
| C．Because they could have a low level of self-esteem. |
| D．Because most of them are optimistic. |
| A．Sports fans have support from their favorite teams. |
| B．Sports fans have higher levels of loneliness. |
| C．Sports fans are likely more content with their lives. |
| D．Sports fans tend to compare themselves to those who aren’t interested in sports. |
| A．display their identities |
| B．have a boost of self-esteem |
| C．not support the team any more |
| D．have a negative psychology period |
| A．Being part of the team. |
| B．Ordering a pizza in a different restaurant. |
| C．Sharing the pain with family members. |
| D．The loyalty to the team. |
【推荐3】People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a group of people.
Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text, oral traditions, monuments and other symbols. Cultural memory is often amassed in objects, such as museums or historical monuments. To understand culture, humans access a mass of cultural symbols, such as books. Artifacts (历史文物) of the past provide insights into where we came from. Libraries and the Internet keep a seemingly boundless amount of data on what it means to be part of a culture. Cultural memory is the longest-lasting form of memory.
Like all forms of memory, cultural memory has important functions. For example, it makes the experiences a nation owns clear. It provides us with an understanding of the past and the values of the group to which we belong. Besides, it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members. The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone (经历) by groups of victims. For example, in Russia, their role in World War II— in which tens of millions of Russians were killed — is still an important part of modern Russian identity. Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups.
The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the past, whether it is good or bad. Rather, it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again. Aleida Assmann, a professor who has worked on memory theory since the 1960s, calls this “remembering forward”. Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their culture; it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by keeping traces (痕迹) of what worked in the past.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph?| A．Reporting a discovery of cultural memory. |
| B．Leading to the concept of cultural memory. |
| C．Introducing the importance of memory in identity. |
| D．Making a connection between memory and culture. |
| A．Stored. | B．Overlooked. | C．Evaluated. | D．Created. |
| A．the features of cultural memory |
| B．the formation of cultural memory |
| C．the role of big events in Russian identity |
| D．the impact of cultural memory on identity |
| A．Pass previous wisdom down. |
| B．Keep traces of history. |
| C．Get people to know about the past. |
| D．Remind people of their identity. |
【推荐1】I decided to go back to school in the fall of 2008 after not being happy with my current job and financial status. I obtained my Associate Degree in May 2002 in Commercial Arts. After graduation, I had trouble obtaining a job in that field. For years, I was going from one job to another feeling unfilled, and I was not satisfied with the instability.
I decided to go back to school for either International Business or Psychology. I weighed the pros and cons of both professions and Psychology won. I like helping my friends and family, when they go through hard situations in their life by giving them sound advice and being honest with them.Also, I was interested in “the mind”.
I was searching for online schools because my work schedule at my current job would not allow me to attend a regular class. I was nervous about starting online classes because I heard mixed stories from other friends who were taking online classes. I decided to do it anyway to experience something different. I wanted to find an online school that was affordable and reputable. Through my search, I discovered Walden University, which is specially for working adults who want to obtain a bachelor’s degree or higher. The process of getting accepted was easy, which included writing an essay on why I wanted to attend their school, transferring my previous credits,etc.
I am currently enrolled in the Bachelors program for psychology, and I am paying for college via financial-aid loans and grants. This experience has been interesting yet trying as sometimes it was difficult to balance work, school and home life. I learned a lot about psychology and myself. For example, I like writing about current events, relationships and traveling. I thought my English composition was ordinary, but after taking a few classes at Walden University, I improved my English composition and it made me feel confident enough to start writing professionally so I became a freelance (自由撰稿) writer. Currently, I am only three classes away from obtaining my Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology! It was one of the best decisions I made in my life.
1. What did the author study originally when he was in college?| A．Psychology. | B．Commercial Arts. |
| C．International Business. | D．English Composition. |
| A．He decided to study International Business at first. |
| B．He wanted to study two majors. |
| C．He liked Psychology better. |
| D．He chose his major with the help of his friends. |
| A．Because he heard some negative remarks about it. |
| B．Because he was worried that he didn’t have enough time to study. |
| C．Because he feared he would fail the entrance exam. |
| D．Because he was afraid that he didn’t have enough money. |
| A．was not able to find a full-time job |
| B．is most interested in writing |
| C．paid for his schooling with the help of his family |
| D．is satisfied with his achievements |
【推荐2】It’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.
It’s good to get along with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to relate to the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.
But really, there’s one super-important reason why you should get along with your teacher. When you do, “learning bursts right open,” says Evelyn Vuko, a teacher who writes an education column called “Teacher Says” for the Washington Post newspaper.
In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new material and do the best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to when you have problems, such as problems with learning, school issues, or bullying(恐吓).
As a kid in a primary or middle school, you’re at a wonderful stage in your life. You’re like a sponge(海绵), able to soak up lots of new and exciting information. On top of that, you’re able to think about all this information in new ways. Remember teachers are people too, and they feel great if you're open to what they’re teaching you. That's why they wanted to be teachers in the first place--- to teach!
In every school, kids will say certain teachers are tough. In fact, in most cases, your teacher wants to help you, And a teacher who's called tough may be someone who feels strongly about getting his or her job done—teaching you what you are supposed to learn.
1. How many reasons does this passage mention why it's good to get along with teachers?| A．2 | B．3 | C．4 | D．5 |
| A．want to get extra help after class | B．think about information in new ways |
| C．understand new material quickly | D．are open to what they're learning |
| A．cruel and critical | B．strict and hardworking |
| C．kind and gentle | D．serious and honest |
Ebola is both rare and very deadly. Since the first outbreak in 1976, Ebola viruses have infected thousands of people and killed roughly killed 60 percent of them. Symptoms can come on quickly and kill fast.
The current outbreak started in Guinea sometime in late 2013 or early 2014. It has since spread to Sierra Leone and Liberia, including some capital cities. And one infected patient traveled on a plane to Nigeria, where he spread the disease to several others and then died. Cases have also popped up in various other countries throughout the world, including in Dallas and New York City in the United States.
The Ebola virus has now hit many countries, including Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal, and the United States. The virus, which starts off with flu-like symptoms and sometimes ends with bleeding, has infected about 6,500 people and killed more than 3,000 since this winter, according to the World Health Organization on September 30, 2014.
There are some social and political factors contributing to the current disaster. Because this is the first major Ebola outbreak in West Africa, many of the region’s health workers didn’t have experience or training in how to protect themselves or care for patients with this disease.
Journalist David Quammen put it well in a recent New York Times article, “Ebola is more dangerous to humans than perhaps any known virus on Earth, except rabies(狂犬病) and HIV. And it does its damage much faster than either.”
Hopefully, researchers are working to find drugs, including a recent $50 million push at the National Institutes of Health. And scientists are working on vaccines(疫苗), including looking into ones that might be able to help wild chimpanzees, which are also susceptible to the disease. The first human Ebola vaccine trial is scheduled to start in the spring of 2015.
1. According to the passage, which of the following about Ebola is true?
| A．The Ebola outbreak now is the biggest one in history. |
| B．Ebola breaks out quickly but it is under control now. |
| C．Ebola is deadly and common so it kills a lot of people. |
| D．Ebola killed about 60 thousand people quickly in 1976. |
| A．a flying bird | B．an infected passenger |
| C．hot African weather | D．a health organization |
| A．it will be a huge waste when researchers spend lots of money finding a cure |
| B．the vaccines can be effective to wild chimpanzees but not to the humans |
| C．there will be an optimistic future in which we can defeat the disease |
| D．we can use the vaccine to cure the patients completely in 2015’s spring |
| A．Ebola ---- The African Local Disaster |
| B．Ebola ---- The Newly-Found Disease |
| C．Ebola ---- A More Effective Vaccine |
| D．Ebola ---- The Deadly Virus Outbreak |
