【推荐1】Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.

Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.

Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity   might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewer feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.

Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me “.

Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

1. What do persuasion and art have in common?

A．They both entertain the audience.

B．They both require great skill to achieve.

C．They both demand full attention from the audience.

D．They were both common topics of ancient Greek Writers.

2. How is a speaker able to show his ethos to the audience?

A．By expressing his sympathy with the audience.

B．By telling the audience about his personal preference.

C．By using beautiful language to make his statements attractive.

D．By showing his knowledge and experience related to the topic.

3. What can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion?

A．Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion.

B．Each aspect has a different effect on the audience.

C．Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.

D．Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audience.

4. An advertisement for washing powder which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all
bacteria” is mainly using         .

A．ethos	B．pathos
C．logos	D．a combination of all three

【推荐2】阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

The most popular course at Yale University is Psych 157: Psychology and the Good Life. Taught by Professor Laurie Santos, the course covers the science of happiness and how to apply it. Since its launch in 2018, it’s been taken by a quarter of Yale students and more than 200,000 others in its online version. It clearly shows that, in the busy and noisy modern life, we all have a strong desire for happiness.

Why don’t more of us find it. For the complete answer to that, you’ll have to take the course and it’s free. But in recent New York Times interview, Santos suggested one way among of us often go wrong when seeking happiness.

Many of us are trying to be a little gentler with ourselves and prioritizing self-care. That’s a sensible strategy, Santos agrees. The trouble is how people understand “self-care.”

“We assume that self-care looks like a nice bubble bath--- or even selfish pursuits.”

Santos says. "But the data suggests that the right way to treat ourselves would be to do nice things for other people. We actually get more out of being more open and more social and more other oriented than spending money on ourselves, It’s a bigger increase to your happiness.”

Santos isn’t the only scientist pointing out that, if you want to be happier, you should focus more on kindness to others than kindness to yourself, though sell-acceptance is certainly nice too. Research out of Oxford University confirms that even tiny acts of kindness can have profound effects on out happiness, and other studies show small acts of kindness can ripple out, boosting mental well-being in the wider community.

Kindness isn’t just good for your mental health. It’s been shown to have a big impact on our physical health too. You’ll recover more quickly after a heart attack, for instance, if your boss is supportive and friendly.

All of these effects are rooted in a simple truth: Humans are social creatures and we just function better when we feel connected to a community.

1. What is the most popular course at Yale University?
2. What’s the problem with many of us when seeking happiness?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
If we want to increase our happiness, we should focus on kindness and avoid self-care.
4. How will you apply Professor Laurie Santo’s ideas to seek happiness in your life?

【推荐3】People-pleasers want everyone around them to be happy and they will do whatever is asked of them to keep it that way. They put everyone else before themselves. For some, saying “yes” is a habit;     1     This makes them feel important and like they are contributing to someone else’s life.

    2     Not only does it put a lot of pressure and stress on you, but you can make yourself sick from doing too much. In the worst case, you’ll wake up and find yourself depressed,     3    .

Here is a list of methods to help you stop being a people- pleaser and finally say no.

Think about it.

Whenever someone asks you for a favor, it’s perfectly OK to say that you’ll need time to consider. This gives you the opportunity to think if you can help.

It is also important to ask the person for details about the commitment. Ask yourself: Do I have the time to do this? How pressured am I going to feel ? These questions are key because you need time to think of your must do list and things you don’t want to do.

    4    

It’s tempting(诱人的) to want to defend your decision to say no to someone so they understand your reasoning. But this actually backfires（产生反作用）. As soon as you start explaining , you give the other person lots of room to come back and say, “Oh, you can do that later”.“ You can adjust your schedule’ or “That’s not as important as what I am asking.”

Don’t apologize------ if it’s not your fault.

People-pleasers tend to be serial (连续的)apologists. Pay attention to when you’re apologizing and consider if you’re really at fault.     5     Usually, the answer is no.

A．Don’t give a list of excuses.

B．Realize you have a choice.

C．Say what you’re thinking and what you want.

D．People pleasing can have serious risks in fact.

E．Ask yourself if you’re responsible for the situation.

F．for others, it’s almost an addiction that makes them feel like they need to be needed.

G．Because you’re on such overload since you possibly can’t do it all.

【推荐1】Sleep is essential for a person’s wellbeing. Researchers have found that sleep loss increases a person’s risk of developing serious medical conditions. Now, a new study has found that getting enough sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.

Jeffrey Grossman, who led the research, was not trying to find the correlation (相关性) between sleep and grades when he handed out Fitbits to the students in his class. Instead, the professor hoped the popular wrist-worn electronic device (装置), which tracks a person’s activity 24/7, would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement.

As part of the research, a quarter of the participants chose a fitness class specially created for the study. After the school term ended, the researchers carefully analysed the data. Much to Grossman’s surprise, they found no measurable difference in test performance between the group that had been physically active and the group that had not.

However, the study presented a surprising viewpoint in the journal Science of Learning. Going through the large amount of data, Grossman noticed an interesting trend (走向) from the participants sleep patterns. There was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep and his/her grade on the exams.

Besides, it was not enough for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Grossman says: “We’ve heard the phrase ‘Get a good night’s sleep, you’ve got a big day tomorrow.’ It turns out this does not relate at all to test performance. Instead, it’s the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.”

The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in the early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student.

The research does not prove that sleep is the only component that helps improve academic performance. However, Grossman says the results are a strong indication that sleep really matters. Who knew getting A’s just required some extra ZZZ’s?

1. What’s Grossman’s original purpose by using Fitbits in the research?

A．To improve students sleep patterns.

B．To regulate students’ daily behavior.

C．To monitor students’ physical condition.

D．To find effects of physical exercise on grades.

2. What did Grossman think of the research result?

A．It was unexpected.	B．It was changeable
C．It was unreliable.	D．It was fruitless.

3. What plays a more important part in test performance?

A．Sleep in the learning stage.	B．Average amount of sleep during tests.
C．Sleep quality the night before the test.	D．A regular bedtime.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Be Physically Active and Sleep More

B．Enough Sleep Benefits Our Wellbeing

C．Catch ZZZ’s for Good Test Performance

D．The More Exercise, the Better Schoolwork

【推荐2】There is plenty of complaints about how social media—texting in particular—may be harming children's social and intellectual development. But a new study suggests that constant instant messaging (IM'ing) and texting among teens may also provide benefit particularly for those who are introverted (内向的).

British researchers studied instant messages exchanged by 231 teens, aged 14 to 18. All of the participants were "regular" or "extensive" IM'ers.In the U.S. two thirds of teens use instant messaging services regularly, with a third messaging at least once every day.

The researchers analyzed 150 conversations in the study, and reported the results in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. In 100 of these chats, the studied participants began IM'ing while they are in negative emotional states such as sadness, distress or anger. The rest were conversations begun when the participants were feeling good or neutral(不带感情色彩的). After the chat, participants reported about a 20% reduction in their distress—not enough to completely do away with it, but enough to leave them feeling better than they had before reaching out.

Our findings suggest that IM'ing between distressed adolescents and their peers may provide emotional relief and consequently contribute to their well-being,"the authors write. And people who talk with their real-life friends online also report feeling closer to them than those who just communicate face-to-face, implying a strengthening of their bond.

Why would digital communication do better than human contact? The reasons are complex, but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without exposing emotional elements like tears that some may consider as embarrassing or sources of discomfort. Studies also show that the anonymity(匿名) of writing on a device blankets the users in a sense of safety that may cause people to feel more comfortable in sharing and discussing their deepest and most authentic feelings. The research has shown that expressive writing itself car vent the stress and provide a sense of relief-and doing so, knowing that your words are reaching a sympathetic(同情的)friend, may provide even more comfort and potentially be therapeutic(治愈的). Researchers also found that introverted participants reported more relief from IM conversations when they were distressed than extroverts did. Susan Cain author of Quiet wrote recently for TME: introvert are often overfilled with thoughts and care deeply for their friends, family and colleagues. But even the most socially skilled introverts sometimes long for a free pass from socializing or talking on the phone. This is what the Internet offers: the chance to connect--but in measured amounts and from behind a screen.

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Teens are more likely to send instant messages when feeling distressed.

B．Instant messaging can help completely remove teens' negative emotions.

C．Constant instant messaging can help teens avoid their negative emotions.

D．Chat via instant messaging can do harm to the bond between real-life friends.

2. The underlined word ‘vent’ in paragraph 5 most probably means________

A．Multiply	B．maintain
C．reduce	D．increase

3. According to the passage,what does digital communication enable users to do?

A．Find more sympathetic friends.	B．Produce more expressive writings.
C．Share and discuss more information.	D．Avoid embarrassment and discomfort.

4. What can be concluded from the new study by British researchers?

A．Introverted teens may benefit from constant instant messaging.

B．American teens aged 14 to 18 are extensive instant messaging users.

C．Teens feeling bad often feel closer to real-life friends than to the net friends.

D．Instant messaging will prevent children's social and intellectual development.

【推荐3】Chinese writer Mo Yan’s Nobel Prize for Literature might ignite an explosion of global interest in Chinese literature and lead to more titles translated into English, European experts say.

“Hopefully, the award means more people will read Chinese literature and more works will get translated,” says Michel Hockx, professor of the Languages and Cultures of China and Inner Asia from University of London. “Many very good Chinese writers have been accepted globally for a long time already. Mo Yan is probably the most translated Chinese writer alive, with at least five of his novels made available in English over the past 20 years.”

Jonathan Ruppin, web editor of bookseller Foyles, says Mo’s win coincides with growing interest in Chinese literature and recognizes the talents of a distinctive and visionary writer. “We are very excited by the fact that English translations of more of his books should now become available,” Ruppin says. He made the comment after Mo became the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in its century-long history.

As East-West cultural exchange has been booming, Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years. Hockx explains, “It’s mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries, to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad. At the same time, more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture .”

University of Oxford lecturer in modern Chinese literature Margaret Hillenbrand says, “The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself. People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit between China and its international counterparts — in particular,China knows incomparably more about Europe and America than the other way round— and reading Chinese literature is an effective, simple means of solving that gap.”

1. The underlined word “ignite” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”.

A．start out	B．burn up
C．set off	D．appeal to

2. Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention mainly because ________.

A．Chinese writers have been writing more and more books in English

B．the Chinese language has become the most wide used language in the world

C．the Chinese government attaches great importance to literature

D．the cultural communication between China and western countries has developed

3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Chinese literature has spread with the development of China.

B．The Nobel Prize for Literature has a history of hundreds of years.

C．In the past, no Chinese writers were accepted outside China.

D．Foreigners know about China mainly by reading Mo Yan’s works.

4. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?

A．China knows more about Europe and America than before.

B．China knows more about Europe and America than they know about China.

C．China, Europe and America know one another more than before.

D．Compared with America, China knows more about Europe.

【推荐1】For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to cultural shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for themselves.

Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believe there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.

Price also comments that Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealize the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.

Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.

Australian concepts of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may dislike someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there is a very good reason for asking.

Kohls (1996) describes cultural shock as a process of change marked by four basic stages. During the first stage, the new arrival is excited to be in a new place, so this is often referred to as the ''honeymoon'' stage. Like a tourist, they are interested in all the new sights and sounds, new smiles and tastes of their surroundings. They may have some problems, but usually they accept them as just part of the novelty (新奇事物). At this point, it is the similarities that stand out, and it seems to the newcomer that people everywhere and their way of life are very much alike. This period of euphoria may last from a couple of weeks to a month, but the letdown is inevitable.

During the second stage, known as the ''rejection'' stage, the newcomer starts to experience difficulties due to the differences between the new culture and the way they were accustomed to living. The initial enthusiasm turns into annoyance, frustration, anger and depression, and these feelings may cause people to reject the new culture so that they notice only the things that cause them trouble, which they then complain about. In addition, they may feel homesick. bored, withdrawn during this period as well.

Fortunately, most people gradually learn to adapt to the new culture and move on to the third stage, known as ''adjustment''. During this stage transition occurs to a new optimistic attitude. As the newcomer begins to understand more of the new culture, things make more sense and the culture seems more familiar. As a result, they begin to develop problem-solving skills, and feelings of disorientation (迷失方向) and anxiety no longer affect them.

In Kohls’s model, in the fourth stage, newcomers undergo a process of adaptation. They have settled into the new culture, and this results in a feeling of direction and self-confidence. They have accepted the new food, drinks, habits and customs and may even find themselves enjoying some of the very customs that bothered them so much previously. In addition. they realize that the new culture has good and bad things to offer and that no way is really better than another, just different.

1. According to Paragraph 1, teachers may expect students to _______ in class in Australia.

A．obey teachers' instructions

B．ask for advice when necessary

C．have a discussion with partners freely

D．explore possible solutions by themselves

2. Which of the following might most Australians agree with?

A．Be just to all, but trust none.

B．Truth never fears investigation.

C．All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

D．Share joy is double joy and sorrow half sorrow.

3. What does the underlined word ''euphoria'' in Paragraph 6 mean?

A．Excitement.

B．Confidence.

C．Frustration.

D．Conflict.

4. According to Kohls, if an exchange student from China has managed to host a summer Christmas event though he felt a bit awkward, he might be in Stage _______.

A．Four	B．Three
C．Two	D．One

5. In which column might this article appear?

A．Intercultural Communication.	B．International Education.
C．Global Business.	D．Leisure Guide.

6. According to the passage, what is the right attitude towards cultural shock?

A．When in a new culture, hold on to our own.

B．When in a new culture, accept the good things.

C．When facing difference in a new culture, accept it.

D．When feeling uncomfortable in a new culture, neglect it.

【推荐2】Letter to My Younger Self

Dear 17-year-old self,

When your Laker (洛杉矶湖人队球员) dream comes true tomorrow, you need to figure out a way to invest in the future of your family and friends. This sounds simple, but you have to take some time to think it over.

I said invest.

I did not say give.

Let me explain.

Purely giving material things to your siblings (兄弟姐妹) and friends may appear to be the right decision. You love them, and they were always there for you growing up, so it’s only right that they should share your success and all that comes with it. You buy them a car, a big house, and pay all of their bills. You want them to live a comfortable life, right?

But the day will come when you realize that as much as you believed you were doing the right thing, you were actually holding them back.

You will come to understand that you were taking care of them because it made you feel good to see them smiling. That was extremely selfish of you. While you were feeling satisfied with yourself, you were slowly eating away at their own dreams and ambitions. You were adding material things to their lives, but taking away the most precious gifts of all: independence and growth.

Understand that you are about to be the leader of the family. This involves making tough choices, even if your siblings and friends do not understand them at the time.

Invest in their future; don’t just give.

Use your success, wealth and influence to put them in the best position to realize their own dreams and find their true purpose. Put them through school, set them up with job interviews and help them become leaders in their own right. Hold them to the same level of dedication (全身心投入) that it took for you to get to where you are now and where you will eventually go.

I’m writing you now so that you can begin this process immediately and don’t have to deal with the struggle of getting rid of the addiction you caused. That addiction only leads to anger and jealousy from everybody involved, including yourself.

There’s plenty more I could write to you, but at 17, I know you don’t have the attention span (注意力持续时间) to sit through 2,000 words. Trust me, setting things up right from the beginning will avoid a ton of tears and heartache, some of which remains to this day.

Much love,

Kobe

1. According to Bryant, “giving” could make ______.
①him feel satisfied with himself
②him stand out from other players
③his siblings and friends live a comfortable life
④his siblings and friends depend on him

A．①②③	B．①②④
C．①③④	D．②③④

2. According to the article, Bryant probably ______.

A．had never dreamed of playing for the Lakers

B．spent a large sum of money buying houses for himself

C．has a circle of supportive friends

D．had trouble handling family relationships

3. According to the article, Bryant should have ______ when he was younger.

A．shared his success with others

B．refused to live with his siblings

C．looked for well-paid jobs for his siblings

D．inspired his siblings to achieve their goals through hard work