Most online fraud （诈骗）involves identity theft. Passwords help. But many can be guessed. Newer phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers often have strengthened security with fingerprint and facial recognition. But these can be imitated. That is why a new approach, behavioural biometrics （生物统计学），is gaining ground.
It relies on the wealth of measurements made by today's devices. These include data from sensors that reveal how people hold their phones when using them, how they carry them and even the way they walk. Touchscreens, keyboards and mice can be monitored to show the distinctive ways in which someone's fingers and hands move. These features can then be used to determine whether someone attempting to make a transaction （交易）is likely to be the device's habitual user.
Behavioural biometrics make it possible to identify an individual's unique motion fingerprint"，says John Whaley, head of Unifyid, a firm in Silicon Valley that is involved in the field. When coupled with information about a user's finger pressure and speed on the touchscreen, as well as a device's regular places of use—as revealed by its GPS unit一that user's identity can be pretty well determined.
Used wisely, behavioural biometrics could be a great benefit. In fact, Unifyid and an unnamed car company are even developing a system that unlocks the doors of a vehicle once the pace of the driver, as measured by his phone, is recognised. Used unwisely, however, the system would become yet another electronic spy on people's privacy, permitting complete strangers to monitor your every action, from the moment you reach for your phone in the morning, to when you throw it on the floor at night.
1. What is behavioural biometrics for?| A．To ensure network security. | B．To identify network crime. |
| C．To track online fraud. | D．To gather online data. |
| A．By restricting and detecting the access to an account of users. |
| B．By spotting and revealing a device's regular places of use. |
| C．By monitoring and comparing the ways users interact with devices. |
| D．By offering and analyzing the operating system of devices. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Concerned. | C．Objective. | D．Favorable. |
| A．Health and wealth. | B．Science and technology. |
| C．Finance and economics. | D．Books and arts. |
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【推荐1】After COVID-19, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that while the number of nurses has increased in the past three years, there is still a shortage of registered nurses, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs. So what’s the solution? Robots.
Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, and deliver medicines and other items . This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be used in hospital.
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive (认知) functioning. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype (网络电话) them. If you can’t get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her.
A robot’s appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA, also known as “Robear, ” can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.
On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which has such soft skin and natural hair color that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions.
It’s important to note that robotic nurses don’t decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses. Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to cooperation, not replacement.
1. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Set a record. | B．Take the lead. |
| C．Miss a turn. | D．Reach the standard. |
| A．they assist doctors with long-distance diagnoses | B．they collect medical records for patients |
| C．they move the mobility-disabled patients | D．they deliver food to clinical doctors |
| A．Its scary arm strength. | B．Its human-like voice. |
| C．Its proper interactive response. | D．Its adorable appearance. |
| A．Robots— the future replacement of nurses | B．Robots— a good supplement to nurses |
| C．Robots— a new way to treat patients | D．Robots— the earth-shaking reform in hospitals |
【推荐2】Scientists have created the first lab-grown coffee, which they say “smells and tastes like the real thing”. The Finland-based researchers used a process called cellublar agriculture, which includes taking out cells from a small plant or animal sample. In the latest example of lab-grown options, cell samples were taken from Arabica, a popular coffee plant that makes up 56 per cent of global production. With lab-grown coffee, the researchers say that they can deal with problems facing the global coffee industry, such as a need for clearing space for coffee plants to keep up with an increasing need for the drink worldwide.
The research is being conducted at VTT Technical Research Centre based in Espoo, Finland — the country that drinks the most coffee per person. “The process uses read coffee plant cells,” Dr. Heiko Rischer, head of plant biotechnology at Finland’s VTT research center, said. “At first, a cell culture is started from a plant part, for example, a leaf. The formed cells reproduced on a specific nutrient medium. In the end, the cells are transported to a bioreactor from which the biomass is then harvested. The cells are dried and roasted then coffee can be brewed.”
The first collection produced by VTT in their laboratory smells and tastes like traditional coffee, according to the results of a “sensory analysis”. After drinking a cup, Dr. Rischer said, “There is a surprisingly full smell. In terms of smell and taste, our trained sensory judgement and analytical examination has found the coffee bears similarity to ordinary coffee,” he said. “The experience of drinking the very first cup was exciting.”
The idea that coffee cells could be used to make coffee was presented back in 1974 by plant scientist P.M. Townsley. But the VTT scientists have put the theory into practice with their lab-grown brew, which they think could hit the market by 2025.
1. What might be one of the causes of creating lab-grown coffee?| A．Dr. Heiko has been devoted to genetically engineering. |
| B．There exists an increasing demand market of coffee. |
| C．People in Finland drink the most amount of coffee. |
| D．The idea is based on a theory proving to be practical. |
| A．Produced. | B．Designed. | C．Collected. | D．Measured. |
| A．Lab-grown coffee makes people drinking it more excited. |
| B．Lab-grown coffee can be judged through people’s senses. |
| C．Lab-grown coffee tastes and smells better than ordinary coffee. |
| D．Lab-grown coffee can be made in labs and therefore save space. |
| A．To praise scientists sticking with creation. | B．To solve coffee shortage troubling people. |
| C．To introduce a new kind of Arabica coffee. | D．To present a research on man- made coffee. |
【推荐3】Robots are often cast in popular science fiction as the bad characters that take over the world and enslave mankind. But with the beginning of some serious diseases, robots are increasingly being employed as helpers, taking on often dull, difficult and dangerous tasks and thus reducing humans' exposure to some terrifying virus.
In the United States, two of the main ways in which robotic technology is being used in the hospitals are to disinfect(消毒）hospital rooms and act as a telemedicine portal, allowing doctors and health care workers to communicate via video conference directly with patients without unnecessarily exposing themselves to those highly infectious virus.
In Boston, doctors, researchers and robotics engineers have teamed up to bring a friendly, dog-like, four-legged robot named Spot into Brigham and Women' s Hospital, allowing doctors to communicate with patients via telemedicine.
In March, at the start of the pandemic, a league from hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Spot's manufacturer-Boston Dynamnics, began testing the robot's design to enable Spot to communicate with patients, thus reducing the exposure of frontline health care workers to the virus. In the place of a head, Spot has an iPad affixed to a stand, allowing doctors to conduct telemedicine services with their patients.
“Most people actually really like it,” says Dr. Peter Chai, an emergency medicine physician who serves as the hospital's chief researcher on the robot project.
Researchers are working to increase the robot's diagnostic abilities, enabling it to measure the patients temperature and his or her respiratory rate (呼吸率）.
Chai predicts that hospitals will continue to find more ways to use robots, and tie wonders whether robots can deliver supplies to rooms or see patients with other infectious diseases
1. What words can best describe the jobs robots are employed to do?| A．Normal and easy. | B．Exciting and dangerous. |
| C．Dirty and complex. | D．Frightening and difficult. |
| A．To save money. | B．To replace doctors. |
| C．To protect doctors from infecting virus. | D．To deliver supplies to patients and doctors. |
| A．It is a friendly dog. |
| B．It can deliver supplies to hospital rooms. |
| C．It can help adjust the patient's temperature. |
| D．It allows doctors to conduct telemedicine services. |
| A．Spot the Robot Dog |
| B．Train Robot Doctors |
| C．Robots Being Used in Hospital |
| D．Robots in Popular Science Fiction |
【推荐1】Getting computers to understand human body language is no simple task. Let’s break down the steps to get a good understanding of what your body language is saying.
First, the computer needs to see. So, it needs a camera. But a computer doesn’t see like we do, and it only gets a stream of data from the camera. So, software first has to recognize the shape of a human body, and then map out the key points of our body. Some poor souls have to teach a computer what all of our different body parts look like in lots of different lighting conditions, and lots of different body types.
But understanding that an image contains an elbow, a knee, or a face doesn’t do much good. So, now the computer is paying close attention to our faces and our hands. Classifying emotions as body language and facial expressions is literally in our genes, so it comes pretty easily.
But computers need to see a ton of examples of any given kind of body language, then to be told what that body language is or means, and then they can, over time, and with more and more examples, identify that same or similar stance with that emotion.
If I’m a self-driving car approaching a crosswalk and I see an upheld hand in front of me, I can infer the human wants me to stop as they intend to cross the street. If I instead see that same human using the “move along” gesture, that’s a strong indication that they would prefer me to continue on my journey instead of waiting. A car has just read your body language.
1. What is the most important for computers to understand human body language?| A．A camera. | B．A stream of data. | C．Software. | D．A lighting condition. |
| A．To encourage people to know about genes. | B．To make computers watch emotions closely. |
| C．To save the time of analysing a ton of data. | D．To get computers to recognise them easily. |
| A．Attitude. | B．Meaning. | C．Behavior. | D．Expression. |
| A．How Computers Read Body Language | B．When Self-driving Cars Will Be Born |
| C．Why Emotions Are of Importance | D．What the Unknown Future Holds |
【推荐2】The humble honey bee is responsible for up to 80 per cent of plant pollination (授粉) worldwide. But population numbers are in steep decline because of habitat loss, pesticides and pollution — threatening our food security. One startup has identified a potential solution — the common hoverfly (食蚜蝇).
UK-based designer Tashia Tucker has created an AI-based technology called Olombria, which encourages hoverflies to increase their pollination levels to match that of bees. Although flies perform approximately 30 percent of the world’s pollination, they aren’t as efficient as bees, often getting distracted and “wandering off” before they can carry pollen between plants.
Olombria is a solution — an AI pollination system that encourages hoverflies to pollinate targeted sites when the plants are in bloom (鲜花盛开). The system consists of sensors, cameras and chemical signaling devices placed within specified areas of an orchard or field. It starts by collecting data on the level and diversity of pollinators in a grower’s field as well as pollination effectiveness.
This information, combined with other environmental data — time, the location and temperature, allows the system to paint an overall picture of pollinator health and then take action. “We first provide that baseline data,” Tucker explains, “so we have an understanding of where there are deficiencies (缺乏) and areas that need to be improved, and then we distribute our natural chemical signaling from the device.”
Depending on what areas of an orchard need pollinating, Olombria’s AIcloud system triggers chosen devices to release organic chemicals that encourage hoverflies to move towards those specific areas. “The chemicals do not change what the flies would naturally do, but target their location and increase the amount of pollen that they’re picking up and transferring,” Tucker explains.
The hoverflies work in cooperation with the bees and, through Tucker’s research, she’s found that the hoverflies even encourage bees to become more efficient pollinators. “There’s a bit of competition; it focuses the bees’ pollination as there’s another insect in the area,” says Tucker.
As a designer, Tucker initially designed Olombria’s device to look like a fruit to reflect the ethos (气质) of the design. “When I started working with farmers, I knew I needed to design the technology to be strong enough to stay out in the field and in various weather conditions,” says Tucker. Since then, Tucker has changed the design and is exploring what colors work well with insects. “As we start to streamline the technology, it is becoming more refined,” Tucker explains. “As an AI system, it’s great, as it’s just getting smarter as the technology develops.”
1. Why are hoverflies not so efficient at plant pollination?| A．Most of them don’t know how to pollinate plants. |
| B．They can hardly focus on their pollinating work. |
| C．They have great difficulty carrying pollen. |
| D．The population of them is declining. |
| A．Take pictures of plants in a field. | B．Examine overall plant health there. |
| C．Choose chemical signaling devices. | D．Get basic facts about pollinators there. |
| A．To attract hoverflies to a certain area. | B．To change pollinators’ behavior. |
| C．To make pollen attractive to hoverflies. | D．To locate the position of pollinators. |
| A．To deal with pollination crisis quickly. | B．To make it attractive in appearance. |
| C．To meet the demands of AI systems. | D．To make it as practical as possible. |
【推荐3】While most musicians work with other artists when creating their music, Holly Herndon, an American musician and sound artist who is now based in Berlin, takes a different way, working with the machine learning software called Spawn. The software uses artificial neural networks modeled after the structure of the human brain. These networks learn patterns from datasets during the training process. Based on the data, the networks create new material that includes Herndon’s own voice.
When producing her album, PROTO, Holly trained datasets to write new music. The process requires the input data of music written by people or by artificial intelligence (AI). The neural networks then produce variations of that music. “Computers surprise you in a way that an instrument doesn’t,” Holly said. So what does music sound like when composed by what is essentially a robot? It sounds like music from the future!
But Holly Herndon isn’t the only one exploring AI in composition. Machines have played an increasingly important role in music over the last century. The godfather of computer science, Alan Turing, developed the first computer generated music in 1951. Then in 1980. David Cope from the University of California, Santa Cruz developed EMI — Experiments in Musical Intelligence, a system that analyzes existing music and produces new pieces based on it.
AI might not take over the job of the “pop star” anytime soon, or will it? Miquela Sousa is a computer-generated artist with over one million followers on Instagram. “I’m a model and singer. And I’m a robot,” Miquela said. This then raises the question: Can we reproduce creativity using a computer?
Though those questions are not easy to answer, I believe the next frontier of music lies somewhere in between. I can see the path forward with a new dawn of creativity that combines human inventiveness with AI. And the next chapter of music will certainly become wonderful as music and AI become even more closely connected.
1. What plays an important role in producing PROTO?| A．Holly’s special voice. | B．The input of existing music. |
| C．Holly’s rich knowledge. | D．The use of an instrument. |
| A．To promote deep thinking on AI musicians. |
| B．To show the popularity of smart robots. |
| C．To explain the tasks of computer-generated artists. |
| D．To make comparisons between human and robotic artists. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Surprised. | C．Confused. | D．Confident. |
| A．The increasing diversity of AI music. | B．The development of musical composition. |
| C．The history of computer-generated music. | D．The combination of AI and musical composition. |
1. How should we read the following sentence with proper pauses?
| A．Buffalo buffalo Buffalo/ buffalo buffalo/ buffalo Buffalo buffalo. |
| B．Buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo buffalo/ buffalo Buffalo buffalo |
| C．Buffalo buffalo Buffalo/ buffalo buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo. |
| D．Buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo/ buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo. |
| A．The relative pronouns in English can be omitted. |
| B．In English, place names can be used as adjectives. |
| C．The city has the same name with a kind of American bison. |
| D．The word buffalo has the same form of singular and plural. |
| A．Wandering the Earth |
| B．Linguistics Around Us |
| C．Popular Animal Science |
| D．Collins English Grammar |
【推荐2】Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policy makers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit (脱欧) despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert (转化) growth into well-being makes that question clearer. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
According to the study findings, there has been an economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the only measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.
So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes — all things that promote a person’s sense of well-being.
1. What does the underlined word “flawed” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Practical. | B．Imperfect. | C．Preferred. | D．Complicated. |
| A．the UK will contribute less to the world economy |
| B．the UK economy is bound to develop rapidly after Brexit |
| C．policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP |
| D．GDP as the measure of success is widely disapproved in the UK |
| A．It is sponsored by 163 countries. | B．It excludes GDP as a measure. |
| C．Its criteria are questionable. | D．Its results are inspiring |
| A．it requires caution to measure economic growth |
| B．high GDP actually indicates an economic decline |
| C．it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP as a measure |
| D．GDP is less important than other factors in measuring economic growth |
【推荐3】In the beginning, there was the prank (玩笑).
When motion pictures first appeared, movie cameras were used simply to record normal events. They showed things such as workers leaving a factory, or a train entering a station. It wasn’t long before simple stories were created for film. Since the films were extremely short, the story also had to be very short. So, in 1985. Louie Lumiere staged a simple prank. His film, originally titled Le Jardinere, is now commonly referred as L’ Arroseur Arrose, or in English, The Sprinkler Sprinkled. It shows a mail using a hose (软管) to water a garden. A boy enters the frame and steps on the hose, stopping the water flow. When the gardener looks into the hose nose, the boy releases the pressure and the gardener gets a face full of water. The boy laughs, but is immediately caught and spanked.
This creased the first film comedy type. Prank films became the common way to get laughs from an audience during the earliest days of cinema. It is an extremely simple but infinitely flexible method of creating a moment of tension and release. The audience gets to be “in on the joke” watching the situation being set up. The trap is sprung, forming the highest of the event. Usually, the prankster is caught, and spanked, giving closure to the narrative.
Similar stories involved people simply misbehaving and getting their comeuppance. Mr. Flip (The Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, 1909), directed by Gilbert M. Anderson, featured Ben Turpin as a lifeless flirt (打情骂俏). He goes to various shops and offices, trying to touch the cheeks of female workers. In each of the events, he gets punished. The women pokes him in the bottom with scissors, the customers in the bar spray soda water in his face, and the switchboard operator can somehow send electric shocks to the telephone he is using.
A comic strip called Foxy Grandpa by Carl E. Schultze featured an old man with a pair of rascally grandsons. They would try to play tricks on him, but he would always turn the tables on them by using his wits. The strip was developed into a vaudeville (杂耍表演) character played by Joseph Hart, who went on to play the same part in silent films.
It would be a mistakes to think of this as an outdated style of comedy. Prank films are certainly still a hit on YouTube. It is also a useful way to design an animated narrative. The best example would be the Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner cartoons. Each of the Coyote’s theme is comparable to a prank. He sets up a trap, tries to spring it on the Road Runner, it fails, and he gets the worst of it.
1. The author believes that The Sprinkler Sprinkled ________.| A．was a record of normal life events |
| B．created the first sound comedy movie |
| C．was made in a time of technical limitation |
| D．was about a gardener making fun of a boy |
| A．share | B．punishment |
| C．dismissal | D．responsibility |
| A．The audience take delight in seeing the prankster suffering pain. |
| B．Prank films gradually lose their appeal, giving way to animations. |
| C．In Mr. Flip, Ben deserves the treatment as he takes advantage of women. |
| D．The grandfather in the Foxy Grand pa always falls into his grandson’s tricks. |
| A．By analyzing statistics. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By giving instructions. | D．By presenting examples. |
【推荐1】From dogs and cats to pandas and penguins, lists of adorable animals can be very varied. However, when it comes to scary animals, the answers are often more or less the same-snakes and spiders are among the most dreadful ones for the majority of us.
However, most of us have never been bitten by a snake or a spider. So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things?
Scientists have been actively looking into it for a long time. For example, studies have suggested that babies find live animals much more interesting than stuffed （毛绒填充的） ones. This interest continues even if those animals are snakes and spiders.
A study published in Psychological Science in 2008seemed to show that snakes did have a different impact on babies. When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices, hey found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded.
Now, a team from Rutgers University in New Jersey, US has tried to challenge the idea that babies are born with a fear of snakes and spiders. According to the BBC, the researchers measured babies' physiological （生理的） responses as they watched videos of snakes and elephants paired with both fearful and happy voices.
Scientists then set out to surprise the babies to see how they would react. They presented them with an unexpected bright flash of light as they watched a video. As the BBC explained, a surprise like this would be more intense （强烈的） if the babies were already scared, just like when we watch scary films and jump more if we are already scared.
However, according to their findings, published recently in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, babies 'surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake, even when it was shown with a fearful voice. Their heart response was also lower, which also made it seem that babies were not scared.
"Children do not have an innate fear of snakes,"concluded the study. Even if previous studies had suggested that babies have different responses to snakes, it isn't necessarily related to fear."It's possible that paying more attention to something might make fear learning easier later on. It leads to fear learning,"said research co-author Vanessa LoBue. She further explained that it was a good thing that humans didn't have an inborn fear of snakes because it would make a young infant's desire to explore new things less strong.
Instead, we have evolved to quickly learn to be afraid of something if it turns out to be dangerous.
1. What is the article mainly about?___| A．Whether humans are born with a fear of snakes and spiders. |
| B．How people's fear of snakes and spiders has evolved. |
| C．How babies react differently from adults to snakes and spiders. |
| D．Why snakes and spiders are considered the most dreadful animals. |
| A．The longer babies looked at snakes in the video, the less scared they were. |
| B．Babies took more interest in snakes than the other animals in the videos regardless of which human voices they heard. |
| C．Babies' responses to the snake in the videos were greatly affected by the types of voices they heard. |
| D．The fearful voices babies heard when watching snake videos doubled their fear of snakes. |
| A．A fearful voice didn't make their surprised response become more intense. |
| B．They became more scared when they experienced an unexpected bright flash of light. |
| C．Babies 'heart responses changed slightly when they heard a fearful voice. |
| D．They paid more attention to the snakes when they heard a fearful voice. |
| A．immediate | B．lasting |
| C．from birth | D．from learning |
【推荐2】After paying £20 for my racing red ukulele at a Denmark Street music shop, I happily turned up to the “Ukulele Hootenany” at a club near Liverpool Street. The host came around and tuned it for me. I went to get a drink from the bar and was about to start playing when the little man approached again and said, “Let me tune that again for you.” I hesitated, wanting to reassure him that I’d not touched it since its last tuning but he took it and returned a few minutes later saying, “I’ve tuned it, but it won’t be worth it—use this one instead. And he handed me a racing red version of a more expensive ukulele that I happily handled clumsily with that night.
You can master the basics online and come along expecting to be able to play the most commonly used chords. Just don’t expect to fluently flip (弹) between them without any mistakes. It is easier said than done.
What makes this hobby unique is the fact that it’s not seen as “serious” or “proper” instrument, so it all tracts those more likely to pick it up for fun. That night’s crew were a random collection of around 30 people ranging from 20 to 60, with various shaped and sized ukuleles and various levels of ability.
We sat around a table, with two song books in front of us, and the “leader” called out a page number as we flipper through to a well-known Johnny Cash or Queen tune and did our best to keep up. Later on we got to argue—a Lady Gaga here, an Eric Clapton there.
But the part I enjoyed the most and that I wasn’t expecting was the singalong. Everyone sang, and as no one eared about your singing abilities, people had lot of fun when they were harmonizing and putting on a heavy Southern accent even if it’s not a country song. What it resulted in was a hobby with a unique mix and thus one of my favorites; it was cheap, social, and above all great fun.
1. Which of the following words can best describe the host?| A．Strict and responsible. | B．Considerate and generous |
| C．Friendly and stubborn. | D．Ambitious and professional |
| A．People who are serious musicians. |
| B．People who are keen on classical music. |
| C．People who seek pleasure in playing despite mistakes. |
| D．People who expect social interactions with strangers. |
| A．Each member of the crew played excellent tunes. |
| B．They couldn’t produce a consistent rhythm while playing. |
| C．The author was good at singing country songs. |
| D．The author couldn’t catch up with others during the singalong part. |
| A．embarrassed | B．moody | C．cheerful | D．optimistic |
【推荐3】India's richest man is rolling out a $20 billion mobile network that could bring lightning-fast Internet to hundreds of millions of people. Indian consumers are already celebrating the arrival of Mukesh Ambani's new Reliance Jio service, seizing on the billionaire's promise to deliver rock bottom prices and download speeds that will enable streaming video.
The 4G network, which reaches more than 80% of the country, officially went live Monday with a set of generous introductory offers. Indians will be able to use Jio for free until the end of 2016, and pay as little as 149 rupees ($2.25) a month for data after that. "Anything and everything that can go digital is going digital -- at an exponential rate," Ambani told investors last week at his company's annual general meeting. "Life is going digital."
Only one fifth of adults in India have access to the Internet. Few public Wi-Fi spots exist, and fast broadband connections require infrastructure that is rarely found in poorer urban areas, much less rural ones. But that is changing fast. If the Jio network succeeds, Ambani will be able to capitalize on a seismic shift that could see hundreds of millions of Indians come online in the coming years -- in most cases via a smartphone.
Google has installed free Wi-Fi at train stations across India, and Facebook tried to offer a free version of its platform. Many other international companies are also trying to share the great market in India. Ambani has invested billions constructing nearly 100,000 telecoms(电信)towers across India. He estimates that Jio already covers some 18,000 cities and 200,000 villages. By March 2017, his aim is to reach 90% of the population.
Building a national 4G network from scratch represents a major risk for Ambani, who got out of telecoms about 15 years ago after a dispute with his brother, Anil Ambani, who controls Reliance Communications. The brothers, who together are estimated to be worth $26 billion, have patched things up in recent years. Jio will be able to use radio frequencies owned by Reliance Communications.
Rival(对手)networks have responded to the launch of Reliance Jio with special offers of their own, making a price war a near certainty. Airtel has reduced its prices for 3G and 4G service by 80%, and Vodafone has boosted the amount of data in its plans by nearly 70%.
1. What's the main idea of the passage?| A．India's richest man supplies free service to streaming videos. |
| B．India's richest man gains the wealth of $20 billion. |
| C．India's richest man offers free Wi-Fi to the whole country. |
| D．India's richest man provides 1 billion people with free 4G. |
| A．One fifth of the adults in India would lose the Internet they now use. |
| B．People in poorer areas would set up more infrastructure. |
| C．Most Indians' online experience would be greatly changed. |
| D．The rich Indians would share their own Wi-Fi with others. |
| A．It's a market that many tech industry giants want to take up. |
| B．It's a market where Google failed in making much money. |
| C．It's a market where Facebook has already taken up for years. |
| D．It's a market that Ambani has been controlling with his brother. |
| A．Been broken apart from each other. |
| B．Stopped quarreling with each other. |
| C．Had something to do with each other. |
| D．Kept in touch with each other. |
