【推荐1】After a confirmed rabies(狂犬病) case in Parke County, Indiana, experts are urging caution if you find a bat(蝙蝠) in your home or office.
“If you try to kill a bat, you are more likely to get bitten,” said Joy O’Keefe, assistant professor of biology and director of Indiana State University’s Centre for Bat Research, Outreach and Conservation. “Most bats people find in their houses are healthy and are not going to bite them and give them rabies.” But they could be a federally endangered species, such as the Indiana Bat, which is found in this area.
So if you spot a bat in your home or office, don’t kill it or touch it with bare hands, O’Keefe said. Instead, put on a pair of heavy gloves and gently move it into a box or bucket. Once contained, the bat can be removed outside.
“If it’s a healthy bat, it’ll fly away eventually,” O’Keefe said. “If it doesn’t move or seem to be healthy, you can take it to the health department to be tested.”
This is the time of year when bats move from their summer resting sites to their winter resting sites, O’Keefe said.
“We get calls every year during the first month of school year from people finding bats in the university’s buildings,” said O’Keefe.
Bats are a great help to people, as every night they can eat up to their entire body weight of insects. Bats, however, are facing great threats from epidemics(流行性疾病), habitat destruction and other things.
“The best way the average person can help bats is by understanding them and by telling other people how awesome bats are and what bats do for us,” O’ Keefe said. “Hopefully, it will make people think that if there’s a bat in their house, they should try to get it out but not kill it. That would be really positive for bats—to not have people be one of their major threats.”
1. According to the text, experts are giving the public a warning about _______.

A．the biting by bats

B．the danger of keeping bats

C．the spreading of an infectious disease

D．the extinction of an endangered species

2. In O’Keefe’s opinion, when you find a bat in your house, you should _______.

A．put it on a tree	B．send it to get tested
C．remove it with gloves	D．report to the health department

3. We can infer that the text is probably written in _______.

A．spring

B．summer

C．autumn

D．winter

4. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably means _______.

A．what bats like to eat

B．people’s awareness of bats

C．the best way to protect bats

D．the greatest threat bats are facing

【推荐2】How sharks navigate the vast and seemingly featureless ocean has long been a mystery. Now there's evidence they may follow their noses. Sharks rely on their sense of smell to help chart a path through the ever-shifting waters of the deep seas, according to a new study. Scientists have supposed that the animals navigate by monitoring smell clues or the Earth's magnetic field, but no one knew for sure.

In new experiments near San Diego, scientists ferried wild leopard sharks about 6 miles(10 kilometers)away from their preferred habitats, fitted them with tracking devices, and stuffed some of the animals' noses with cotton balls. Just 30 minutes after being released facing the wrong way, sharks with full use of their smells made a corrective U-turn and then headed straight back to shore, "says study leader Andrew Nosal, a researcher at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California. Sharks with stuffed noses, meanwhile, "appeared lost, "wandering aimlessly and

swimming more slowly than those that could smell freely.

To test sharks' sense of direction, Nosal and colleagues captured several dozen leopard sharks, a small species found along the coast from Washington State to northern Mexico.

After blocking some of the animals' noses, the scientists then took the animals on a cruise to deeper waters before slipping them, safe and unharmed, back into the sea. Even the sharks with plugged noses made it partway back to shore before their tracking devices fell off. But those with unplugged noses "took very straight paths" toward home. Nosal supposes the sharks likely sniffed out chemical molecules found in higher and higher doses nearer to land.

Other scientists, however, remain unconvinced. Maybe the animals with plugged noses "were confused by the fact that they had something stuffed in their nose," says Kim Holland, a marine biologist at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. It's also unlikely the animals were following a smell that grew stronger closer to land, adds Jayne Gardiner, a sensory biologist at the New College of Florida. Animals that couldn't smell a thing still turned toward the beach, which "suggests something else is really guiding them," she says.

Study leader Nosal responds that sharks with cotton-stuffed nose willingly eat, suggesting that a congested nose doesn't upset them much. He agrees that sharks use a variety of markers to find their way, "but the point is that smell participates in navigation, "he says. "Our study was only the first step in solving this mystery. "

1. This passage is mainly about ________.

A．why sharks have a good sense of smell	B．why sharks are clever animals
C．how scientists do the experiment	D．how sharks find their way in the vast ocean

2. Which is true about the experiments done by the scientists according to the passage?

A．Scientists plugged sharks' noses to test whether they navigate through their sense of smell.

B．Scientists chose sharks' preferred habitats in order to track the animals easily.

C．After being taken to deeper waters, sharks with plugged noses couldn't make it to the shore.

D．The sharks in the experiments aren't willing to eat due to the plugged noses.

3. We can infer from the passage that________.

A．there are various markers for sharks to find their way and eyes play an important role in it

B．some scientists hold different opinions from the findings of the new study

C．the new study has completely solved the mystery of sharks' easy navigation in the vast ocean

D．the sharks likely sniffed out chemical molecules found in higher doses nearer to land

4. What's the purpose of writing this passage?

A．To call on people to protect the sharks.

B．To present different theories on the mystery of the sharks.

C．To let people learn more about the sharks.

D．To inform the readers of the findings of a new study on shark.

【推荐3】The documentary Blood Lions shows South Africa's cruel "canned' lion hunting industry. In canned hunts, lions are raised by humans and kept in enclosed spaces on private hunting areas. Hunters can get trophy （战利品）easily in exchange for fees of up to $50, 000. There are about 8,000 ranch lions in South Africa. So the country’s hunt operators can make a fortune.

Ian Michler was a lead character in the film. He talked about Blood Lions last July when it was shown in Durban, South Africa. The film has since been viewed in 185 countries. More than 50 screenings have been held at film festivals and in meetings of special interest groups. This year, Blood Lions will be shown at every major tourism conference in Europe and Africa.

Outside the film, Michler and the team are running a global campaign. They are aiming at ending canned hunts and other cold-blooded activities involving lions and other animals.

Australia became the first country, in February 2015, to forbid imports of lion trophies. It was followed by France in November, That month, Blood Lions was shown in the European Parliament. As a result, the government of Finland, Italy, and Spain decided to hold their own screenings. There are a number of other countries likely to do the same.

At the same time, at the end of last year, the world's leading group of African lion researchers offered an important suggestion They advised that any analysis of the present state of wild lions in South Africa should not include its thousands of ranch lions. Wild lions in South Africa now number some 3, 000. There are around 20,000 wild lions in Africa.

"The great majority of lion populations in Africa have been reduced,” says Hans Bauer, lion researcher at Oxford University Wildlife Conservation Research Unit. 'It's important to stress that South Africa's ranch lions are horror that has nothing to do with lion protection. These lions should never be taken into account in any serious analysis of the state of lions in Africa."

1. What do we learn about the documentary Blood Lions?

A．It has an international influence.	B．It has attracted many tourists.
C．It tell the story of a lion fighter.	D．It has brought the producer lots of money

2. Michler and his team’s campaign       .

A．was first started in Australia	B．has won little support in Europe
C．has achieved noticeable effects	D．aims to save endangered animals

3. What can we infer about Hans Bauer?

A．He suggests analyzing lions properly.

B．He has seen an increase of African wild lions

C．He maybe a strong supporter of trophy hunting.

D．He hopes that there will be more ranch lions in Africa.

4. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To explain the main idea of a new film.

B．To report an animal protection campaign

C．To encourage fanners lo raise ranch lions.

D．To advertise South Africa's hunting industry.

【推荐1】Zero-emission (排放) large passenger aircraft powered by hydrogen (氢) will be technically available in five years, according to Airbus, but they will not enter service for at least a decade as the price of the fuel needs to come down.

The prediction comes from Glenn Llewellyn, vice-president of zero-emission technology at the European plane-maker. He said that while Airbus planned to demonstrate hydrogen-powered aircraft in 2025, over the next 10 years, hydrogen won’t be more economic than the fossil fuel. “To make real emissions free hydrogen-powered planes, which give out only water and heat, their fuel needs to come from hydrogen produced via renewable sources such as wind and solar,” he added. “Another barrier is building up the ecosystem that hydrogen aircraft will need.”

However, Mr. Llewellyn predicted that there was enough interest to make this happen. In an interview, Mr. Llewellyn said, “We already see massive increases in the amount of renewable energy being produced across the world. Wind energy production has multiplied by two over the last five years and solar energy production has multiplied by four.” He added, “There are a number of independent institutes that have mapped out how hydrogen costs can come down over the next decades. We see a 30% reduction in renewable hydrogen costs in 2030 compared to where it is today, and a 50% reduction in renewable hydrogen costs by 2050. They are exactly the kind of cost figures that are interesting for us, because it makes zero-emission aircraft commercially viable (可行的) in the 2030s.”

Last month UK-based ZeroAvia conducted the world’s first flight of a commercial-grade aircraft powered by hydrogen. A few days before, Airbus announced a series of design proposals for hydrogen-driven aircraft, including a “blended wing” concept that provides greater storage capacity. This design could be key to hydrogen-powered aircraft as the fuel is less energy dense (密度大) than conventional fuel and so requires more space to match performance of existing airplanes.

1. What does Paragraph 2 focus on?

A．The future to make hydrogen-powered aircraft.

B．The importance of making hydrogen-powered aircraft.

C．The problems with making hydrogen-powered aircraft.

D．The possibility of making hydrogen-powered aircraft.

2. What does the underlined word “capacity” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Space.

B．Ability.

C．Place.

D．Capability

3. What is Mr. Llewellyn’s attitude towards the future of Zero-emission large aircraft?

A．Cautious.

B．Negative.

C．Doubtful.

D．Positive.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The Zero-emission aircraft’s first flight was tested.

B．Zero-emission large aircraft will be available.

C．Zero-emission large aircraft has been mass produced.

D．The production of Zero-emission large aircraft encountered barriers.

【推荐3】Independent living at home is the dream for every aging person. But a fall or other incidents dangerous to health can change everything rapidly.

The wearable "panic buttons" introduced in the late 1980s were a great advance. But they only work if people actually wear them and can reach the button in an emergency. Today there are passive wearables that automatically detect (探测) falls, and camera-based systems to monitor elder safety.

Coming from a 40-year career in the semiconductor and wireless communication field, Rafi Zack decided to find a better alternative. “People aren’t devoted to wearing small instruments 24/7, and camera-based systems are a violation of privacy,” he points out, “The most challenging aspect is a fall. How fast we can detect a fall matters because the medical situation worsens quickly. Sometimes people stay on the floor for a long time. We have to find out how to address that problem.”

Zack is a co-founder, CEO and vice president of R&D at EchoCare Technologies which has developed ECHO (Elderly Care Home Observer), a cloud-connected monitor based on radar technology and machine learning.

Because radar sees through walls, one ECHO unit fixed on the ceiling or wall can monitor one person (or two persons, in a future version) in a standard-sized apartment in a senior living facility(机构). The instrument detects falls, breathing difficulties, drowning in a bathtub and other dangerous events. It gives out warnings to potential health worsening conditions by continuously monitoring and analyzing the person’s location, posture (姿势), movement and breath. EchoCare tested the instrument in the United States, Japan, Australia and Israel. ECHO was certified (认证) in 2019 in Japan with the most aging population in the world.

“Bathrooms were the main testing area where about 17,000 deadly accidents happen annually.” said SMK Director and Executive Vice President Tetsuo Hara. “Bathroom makers, home security service providers and nursing homes are highly interested in EchoCare’s invention.” Zack noted, “As more and more elder people live alone as a result of social distancing, there is an increased need to monitor them without the burden of wearables or privacy-violating cameras.”

1. What’s the advantage of ECHO over “panic buttons”?

A．It has camera-based systems.	B．It has been widely accepted.
C．It can function without cameras.	D．Its buttons can be easily reached.

2. What can we know about ECHO from paragraph 5?

A．It monitors dangerous health-related events.

B．It was certified in many developed countries.

C．It is designed to send out warnings regularly.

D．It detects more than one person at the same time.

3. What can we infer about the future of ECHO?

A．It’ll become more popular with the elderly.

B．It’ll stop 17,000 deaths happening annually.

C．It’ll be used in nursing homes and hospitals.

D．It’ll help elderly people to live an active life.

4. What can be the best title for the passage?

A．An Advanced Medical Instrument

B．A High-tech Monitor for the Elderly

C．The Improvement of a Medical Facility

D．The Invention of a Healthcare Instrument

【推荐2】A study led by Plana-Ripoll, a doctor at Aarhus University in Denmark, tries to deal with a fundamental question that has bothered researchers for more than a century—what exactly causes mental illness?

In the hope of finding the answer, scientists have piled up a large amount of data over the past decade, through studies of genes and brain activity. They have found that many of the same genes underlie seemingly distinct disorders and that changes in the brain’s decision-making systems could be involved in many conditions.

The researchers are also rethinking theories of how our brains go wrong. The idea that mental illness can be classified into distinct, separate categories like “anxiety” has been disproved to a large extent. Instead, recently they’ve found that disorders shade into each other, and there are no hard dividing lines.

The researchers are trying to understand the biology that underlies mental illness. They have a few theories. Perhaps there are several dimensions of mental illness, so depending on how a person scores on each dimension, they might be more likely to have some disorders than others. An alternative idea is that there is a single factor that makes people easier to suffer from mental illness in general. What disorder they develop is then determined by other factors. Both ideas are being taken seriously though the former one is more widely accepted by the researchers.

The details are still unclear, but most researchers agree that one thing is specific: The old system of categorizing mental disorders into neat boxes does not work. They are also hopeful that, in the long run, replacing this framework with one that is grounded in biology will lead to new drugs and treatments. The researchers aim to reveal, for instance, the key genes, brain regions and neurological processes involved in psychopathology (精神病理学), and target them with treatments. Although it might take a while to get there, they are long-term optimistic if the field really does its work.

1. What aspect of mental illness has been puzzling researchers according to the text?

A．Its symptoms.	B．Its roots.
C．Its categories.	D．Its theories.

2. What have the researchers found from the recent study?

A．There exist links between mental disorders.

B．Brain function has little to do with mental illness.

C．Mental illness is classified into different categories.

D．Genes are completely different in distinct mental disorders.

3. Which one is more widely accepted by the researchers according to paragraph 4?

A．The theory of genetic influences.

B．The belief of brain abnormalities.

C．The concept of multiple dimensions.

D．The idea of the determined risk factor.

【推荐1】Writer Walter Benjamin argued that what makes certain works of art great is that they contain a mysterious “aura（气息）”. This mystery is part of what makes the works wonderful. However, since the late 1990s, with the spread of high-quality digital photography, there have been many discoveries about famous paintings.

Hieronymus Bosch has been at the centre of art-historical controversy（争论）this year. After an exhibition at the Noordbrabants Museum in the artist’s hometown, a new exhibition at the Prado in Madrid is on the way. The Noordbrabants displayed 17 existing Bosch paintings, while the Prado now exhibits 24. The difference is the result of digital discoveries, first accepted at the Noordbrabants show.

Artists did not regularly sign their works until the 19th century, and attribution（归属）based on a work’s style leaves room for error. Since artists always worked in studios or workshops, students would develop a style very similar to that of their master. Then again, later artists learned by copying past masters, sometimes so well that it’s hard to tell the difference. However, attribution can change, especially when new technology comes to light.

In the case of the Bosch discoveries, some researchers found evidence that led them to downgrade（降级）the attribution of certain works. Extracting the Stone of Madness, which was originally going to be lent by the Prado to the Noordbrabants, is listed as “by Bosch”, and considered to have been painted between 1501 and 1505. But the researchers informed the Prado that they would be listing the painting as “by the workshop or a follower of Bosch”, and dating it 1500-1520 （Bosch died in 1516）. The museum’s director Miguel Falomir said, “It is unacceptable to request a painting as a Bosch and then show it as something different.”

One of the beautiful things about art history is that it can never be an exact science. Digital art-historical discoveries have led to controversy rather than resolutions（问题解决）. The evidence is there, but it’s up to us how we explain it.

1. Why are some artworks great according to Walter Benjamin?

A．They didn’t survive in history.	B．Their styles are kind of mystery.
C．They leave room for imagination.	D．Their creators were not well-known.

2. What can we learn about the Noordbrabants Museum?

A．It owns the paintings by Bosch.

B．It was convinced by the researchers.

C．It broke the agreement with the Prado.

D．It borrowed all Bosch paintings from the Prado.

3. How would previous art historians recognize the attribution of a painting?

A．Find out the signature hidden in the picture.

B．Consult the museum that has been displaying it.

C．Interview the followers of the master who did it.

D．Analyze its style and the year when it was created.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．Digital discoveries explain art in a better way.

B．Museums have a fierce debate on Bosch paintings.

C．Hieronymus Bosch paintings become controversial.

D．Digital discoveries destroy the beauty of art history.

【推荐2】A story posted by The New York Post Monday tells the tale of Katrina Holte, a Hillsboro woman who quit her job to cosplay a 1950s housewife.

Let me start by expressing admiration to Holte for using her 2019 freedoms to follow her 1950s dreams. Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what they wear and how they spend their time. That’s the future our foremothers fought for.

But as much fun as I am sure she is having living a vintage (复古的) life, which literally includes watching shows like “I Love Lucy” and listening to vinyl recordings (刻录碟片) , I think it’s important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something our grandmothers and mothers fought against.

For example, once I called my grandma and asked her for her recipe for Cloud Biscuits, these delicious biscuits she used to make that we would cover with butter and homemade raspberry jam on Thanksgiving.

“Why would you want that?” she said. “Go to the store. Go to the freezer section. Buy some pre-made biscuits and put them in the oven.”

She straight-up refused to give me the recipe, because it was hard and took a long time to make. In her mind, it was a waste of time.

Getting off the phone, it occurred to me that spending every day of your life serving a husband and five children wasn’t fun at all. And then there are the grandchildren who eventually come along demanding Cloud Biscuits, a whole new expanded set of people to feed.

She was basically a slave to those hungry mouths, cooking scratch meals three times a day

When she wasn’t trapped in the kitchen, she had to keep the house clean, make sure she looked good enough to be socially acceptable, and make sure her kids and husband looked good enough to be socially acceptable. And she had no days off.

I know my grandma loves her kids and her grandkids, her husband and the life she led, but man, it must have been a lot of thankless, mindless labor.

No wonder everyone went all-in on processed foods when they came around. Imagine the nice break something like a microwave dinner would give a woman working, unpaid, for her family every single day?

I also had another grandma. She was a scholar who helped found the Center for the Study of Women in Society at University of Oregon. She was a pioneering second-wave feminist who wrote books, gave lectures and traveled the world.

But, she did all of that after divorcing my grandpa, when most of her kids were out of the house. Back then, in the 1950s and the 1960s, there was no illusion about women “having it all”. How could that even possibly happen? If you were taking care of a family, waiting on your husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream

A lot of women took that approach. We call it Stockholm Syndrome now.

And of course, these women I am talking about are upper-middle-class white women. Romanticizing the 1950s is especially disgusting when you think about how women of color and poor women were treated back then, and the lack of education and choices available to them.

Because the women in this country demanded something approaching equality, Holte has the chance to live out her fantasy. Not every woman in America is so lucky.

We still don’t have pay equality and in many states, we still don’t have autonomy over our own bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the opportunities of their wealthy and white peers.

And while it’s getting better, women are still expected to be responsible for the emotional labor of running a household and raising the children.

But at least we can get jobs. At least we don’t have to sew our own clothes, wear a full face of makeup every day and spend hours making Cloud Biscuits some ungrateful kid will wolf down, barely remembering to say thank you.

1. According to the author, what is the future our foremothers fought for?

A．Watching shows like “I Love Lucy” and listening to vinyl recordings.

B．Having the freedom to make choices in their daily life.

C．Making Cloud Biscuits for their kids and husbands.

D．Making sure their kids and husbands socially acceptable.

2. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 13 refer to?

A．Writing books, giving lectures and traveling the world.

B．Divorcing husband when kids were out of house.

C．Taking care of a family and waiting on husband.

D．Women’s illusion about “having it all”.

3. What does the “Stockholm Syndrome” in paragraph 14 really mean in the passage?

A．Women have been used to the unfair treatment at home

B．Women nowadays like the way of life in the 1950s.

C．Victims end up sympathizing with the abusers.

D．Women have the chance to live out their dreams.

4. The author thinks of the life of a 1950s housewife as ________.

A．fantastic	B．admirable
C．awful	D．unforgettable

5. What can we learn from the passage?

A．It was a waste of time to give grandchildren the recipe.

B．All women are not lucky to follow their own dreams in America now.

C．Housewives received recognition for their efforts from family members.

D．The upper-middle-class white women did a better job in running the household.

6. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?

A．To show great appreciation to her grandmas.

B．To call on housewives to claim the pay for the housework they undertake.

C．To draw readers’ attention to the situations women face, especially those poor and of color.

D．To arouse women’s awareness of equal pay at work.

【推荐3】Like most people, you have probably lost count of the number of perfect-looking shoes you have thrown away simply because the rubber soles (橡胶鞋底) are broken. In addition to the expense, it is also harmful to our environment. Now, thanks to a revolutionary self-healing 3-D printed rubber material, broken shoe soles may be a thing of the past.

The magical polymer (聚合物) is developed by the researchers at the University of Southern California’s (USC) and the University of Connecticut (UConn) . The team, led by USC Assistant Professor Qiming Wang, created it through a process called photopolymerization, which uses light to solidify the liquid used to create 3-D printed plastic. The researchers found that adding the right amount of oxidant (氧化剂) to the liquid allowed the 3-D polymer to heal (愈合) without slowing down the hardening process.

“When we gradually increase the oxidant, the self - healing behavior becomes stronger, but the photopolymerization behavior becomes weaker,” explained Wang. “There is competition between these two behaviors.”

The team, who published the findings in the journal NPG Asia Materials on February 1st,2019, state that the repair time can be reduced by increasing the room temperature. “If you just put a broken shoe on a bench at room temperature, the rubber will heal itself in six to eight hours,” Wang said. “If you apply heat at maybe 60℃, that expedites the healing process to about two hours.”

Given the material s huge potential, it is not surprising to hear that Wang and his team have been approached by several shoe-making companies eager to be the first to use the technology, which is still in the early stages. Once perfected, the scientists also hope to apply the technique to hard plastics that can be used to create self-healing toys, electronics, vehicle parts, and, if Wang has his way, even tires.

1. How do the researchers make 3-D printed plastic self- heal?

A．By changing the amount of light used.

B．By raising the temperature at which it is used.

C．By increasing the hardening speed of the liquid.

D．By adding the proper amount of oxidant to the liquid.

2. What can be inferred from the text?

A．The creation of 3-D printed plastic doesn’t need light.

B．The surrounding temperature determines the speed of healing.

C．Many shoe making companies got the right to use the technology.

D．Throwing away broken shoe soles has been a thing of the past.

3. What does the underlined word “expedites” mean?

A．Strengthens.

B．Delays.

C．Accelerates.

D．Worsens.

4. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?

A．Self - healing shoes may be in our future.

B．3-D printing technology makes a difference.

C．Self - healing technology will serve many fields.

D．A revolution of rubber soles has changed our life.