I’ve been taking time this week to smell the roses. I bend over in my neighbors’ front yard, check that nobody is watching, then bury my head in the flowers.
I’ve also been walking into bakeries and walking around without buying anything.
After having surgery on my broken nose 18 months ago, I haven’t been able to smell or taste things. This week, however, my nose is back in business.
I’ve been fascinated by smells, and it’s given me a new way of thinking. Smell is just one of the little bits and pieces that make life enjoyable, but which we often ignore. I remember once, when my son was 5 months old, I was carrying him down the street. Wind swept through and almost tipped us over. He threw his little head back and giggled (傻笑). He’d never felt the wind on his face. When is the last time I laughed at the weather?
The first time I ate bacon, I rushed home to my parents, determined that we ate this deliciousness at every meal. My father smiled and agreed.
Do you recall when you learned that the voice actors of Mickey and Minnie Mouse were married in real life? Do you enjoy sleeping in new, clean bed sheets?
We don’t write postcards about the small things. We don’t frame them in photographs.
They aren’t that great or grand, but without them, life is altogether too loud. These quiet experiences give us a chance to enjoy the simple fact of being alive.
As my sense of smell returns to me, it’s like I’m smelling things for the first time. They’re full of memories and magic. Food tastes better, and the air is indeed sweet. I know what the poets mean now. It almost makes my broken nose worthwhile. Now, I am waiting for this bandage to come off. There’s an itch (痒) I can’t reach!
1. What does the writer try to do in the first two paragraphs?| A．Discuss new ways to enjoy leisure time. |
| B．Show that she loves doing secret things. |
| C．Give examples of how she kills time. |
| D．Get readers to wonder about her behavior. |
| A．The ability to discover the joy of small things. |
| B．The habit of overcoming ignorance. |
| C．The ability to fully use our limited attention. |
| D．The habit of making personal reflections. |
| A．Memories and magic. | B．Valuing being alive. |
| C．Her sense of smell. | D．Laughing at the weather. |
| A．Depressed. | B．Pleased. |
| C．Disturbed. | D．Annoyed. |
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【推荐1】It is 4:45 am in Samasati village in north-western Zambia and the Chimwanga family, champion beekeepers of the village, are already on their way to collect honey from one of their many hives（蜂房）. Samasati has been famous for beekeeping but it is only in the last ten years that the business has begun to make a difference to the lives of the producers, since they began to trade through an organization guaranteeing them a fair price for their crop.
Samasati is a beautiful place, where nature provides and pollution is non-existent. Here, 61 miles from the nearest telephone or source of electricity, the 322 inhabitants support themselves from the forest and rivers and the only income available to the villagers is from selling their honey.
It is a half-hour walk from the Chimwangas’ house to the hive. On reaching the site, the Chimwangas tear off low, leaf-covered branches from nearby trees. They place these in a pile on the ground as a bundle（捆）and put some dry plants in the middle. A match then sets the plants alight and thick smoke is produced as the fire spreads from the dry plants to the green leaves.
Mr. Chimwanga climbs quickly up the tree trunk and moves carefully along a branch towards the hanging hive, carrying the smoking bundle with him. When he reaches the hive, he waves smoke into the entrance to calm the bees. The bees circle his head continuously. Unafraid, he pulls up a bucket and fills it with the precious delicious honey, fragrant but not too sweet ‒ the result of hundreds of wild flowers the bees have enjoyed in the forest.
This honey is sold straight to the exporting company, North West Bee Products, through Bon Malichi. He is the vital middleman for the beekeepers. Bob believes the honey is Zambia’s future. “Our honey is produced without adding anything.” he says. The honey is transported to Dares Salaam, in neighbouring country Tanzania, for export. Within a month of a Zambian beekeeper climbing to his hive, his honey can be spread on bread anywhere in the world.
1. What are the Chimwanga family going out so early to do?| A．Look for bees. |
| B．Get honey in the forest. |
| C．Make honey for trading. |
| D．Sell their honey crop. |
| A．get light and see the hives clearly |
| B．scare away the bees by thick smoke |
| C．produce smoke to protect him from the bees |
| D．keep warm by the burning plants |
| A．It is popular for its superior quality. |
| B．It has a large quantity of production. |
| C．He can guarantee a fair price for it. |
| D．He can help export it to neighboring countries. |
| A．It enjoys beautiful nature and less pollution. |
| B．It has an abundant supply of electricity. |
| C．It is well known for processing honey. |
| D．It is a small, poor and backward village. |
【推荐2】Some years ago I was offered a writing task that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent (大陆). Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was limited to a little college French.
I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, totally unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up interviews and do research? It seemed impossible, and with much regret I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can’t learn if you don’t try. So I accepted it.
There were some bad moments. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even advanced bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.
The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition (意味着) scary. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning gathers, the world opens to you.
I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can achieve wonders.
1. Why did the author accept the writing task?| A．He had never travelled abroad before. |
| B．He hardly knew any foreign languages. |
| C．He was familiar with any other country in Europe. |
| D．He would learn something new and different by trying. |
| A．He used to be a wonder. | B．He thought little of travelling. |
| C．He’s ready to face any challenge. | D．He’s easy to be defeated. |
| A．Every garden has its weeds. |
| B．Life is about learning to dance in the rain. |
| C．Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. |
| D．All that glitters is not gold. |
| A．Ready to Try and Challenge. | B．An Interesting Trip Abroad. |
| C．My First Writing Assignment. | D．How to be Daring and Brave. |
【推荐3】“What kind of stuff do you write?” one student asked on my first day at the University. After a decade away from the classroom, I was back to teaching.
“I write newspaper and magazine articles,” I said, “and creative non-fiction, as you’ll be doing.” It was a lie. I couldn’t remember when I’d last written a creative essay. It must have been before my distant mother fell ill, leaving me resigned to the idea that our story of family dysfunction would not end happily. It seemed that nothing I wrote could change that.
With a surplus of time and lack of inspiration, I accepted a position to teach creative non-fiction. Although I couldn’t get myself to tell my own stories, I could require that my students tell theirs. “You’re going to be keeping a journal,” I said with the kind of firm authority that didn’t work as self-talk. “And I want you to tell your stories like they matter.”
“Why do they matter?” a boy named Michael asked. Half-Chinese, half-Irish, he was outlaw handsome with a hard-set jaw and dark eyes. “I mean, who cares about our stories?”
Looking out at the students, I realized I didn’t have an answer. I stuttered, buying myself some time.
No one said a word. Either they didn’t know, or they were shy. Perhaps they were just tired from their busy lives. Many, I learned, worked full-time while in school full-time. Most, I assumed, didn’t have the faintest idea that their stories did matter.
Finally, I looked at Michael. “They matter because they do.” I said, lamely grappling for clarity. “Because it’s what you have. When you shape your experience into a story, it becomes yours and not just something that happened to you.”
Michael didn’t look convinced, but he didn’t challenge me, either.
In his first essay, Michael wrote about how he grew up on the streets of one of the worst neighbourhoods in Boston. He wrote about the night he was out with two other young men and had a pistol pointed at his face:
In that moment everything went blank. A rush of adrenaline (肾上腺素) and the feeling of numbness shot through my body as the guy cocked back the hammer. A cruiser drove by: giving us enough time to flee but a week later those guys I was with were shot. One took a bullet in the leg: the other took a bullet in the chest. Minutes after I got that news, I decided I was going to college.
He went on to write about how his high school English teacher, an elderly woman who saw his potential, helped him fill out a college application. Also with the help of other teachers, he came to this school.
I had Michael read his essay out loud. After he finished the class went so still that we could hear the sound of each other’s breath. I looked at Michael and saw a small softening in his dark eyes. When he finally sat back in his chair, it was like a coil unwinding.
After a moment, I said, “That’s why you tell your stories.”
I went home that night and picked up my journal from where it lay, dusty and untouched, by the side of my bed. I found a pen and gathered myself in a blanket. For the first time in months, I had to write.
1. Why did the author tell a lie?| A．He intended to get acquainted with students. |
| B．He wanted to strike students as professional. |
| C．He wanted to conceal the fact of being born unhappy |
| D．He couldn’t remember when he last wrote an essay. |
| A．Supportive | B．Angry. | C．Doubtful. | D．Unconcerned. |
| A．He used to be involved in criminal activities. |
| B．He didn’t receive any formal education before college. |
| C．He successfully applied for a college all on his own. |
| D．He was dissatisfied with his previous life and wanted to make a change. |
| A．It adds color to our busy daily life. |
| B．It gives us inspiration for future life. |
| C．It provides us with an opportunity to rewrite our destiny. |
| D．It allows us to make meaning of what we’ve been through. |
【推荐1】First Days
First days are milestones in our lives. They mark the beginning of a new experience or journey, They are also filled with mixed emotions. They can be a little frightening as we step into the unknown, but they can also inspire us as they give us fresh hope for the future. First days are powerful as we can leave our mistakes and failures in the past and make a new start.
I want to share a story that perfectly illustrates this point. It is a story about a little girl named Trisha. Trisha was born in a family of teachers who had taught her that reading was the key to knowledge. She watched her older brother as he read his schoolbooks and could hardly wait for the day when she would learn to read.
But when Trisha finally started school, she found that she was not able to understand the words like the other boys and girls. No matter how hard she tried the letters mixed up together, and she saw only confusion, Trisha fell further behind, the other children laughed and made fun of her, and she began to believe that she was not smart. By the time Trisha entered fifth grade, she had lost all confidence in herself. That was the year she met Mr. Falker. He was different. He praised Trisha’s talents, and he wouldn’t tolerate the other children teasing her. Mr. Falker realized that Trisha didn’t know how to read, but he knew she could with some help.
He recruited(招聘）a reading specialist, and together they worked with Trisha after school. They helped her to write letters and hear the sounds until one day Mr. Falker handed her a book and she read it all by herself. She didn’t even notice the tear, in his eyes.
This is a true story. The little girl is Patricia Polacco, the famous children’s author, and Thank you Mr. Falker is the twenty-sixth book that she has written.
We can all make a difference in the world—one student at a time by using first days” with wisdom and grace，and giving each individual the chance to start over and become the best that they can be.
1. Trisha fell far behind in school because she .| A．was not confident | B．was not smart enough |
| C．did not try her best | D．did not know how to read |
| A．frightening as we step into the unknown |
| B．inspiring as they give us fresh hope for the future |
| C．turning points from where we can make a new start |
| D．chances when we can forget our mistakes and failures |
| A．teachers | B．students |
| C．children’s authors | D．reading specialists |
| A．By persuading. | B．By making suggestions. |
| C．By arguing. | D．By giving an example. |
【推荐2】It was Thanksgiving morning. I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey when the doorbell rang. I opened the front door and saw two small children in rags(衣衫褴褛) on the top step.
“Any old papers，lady？”asked one of them.
I was busy.I wanted to say “no” until I looked down at their feet.They were wearing thin little sandals(凉鞋)，wet with heavy snow.
“Come in and I'll make you a cup of hot coffee.”
They walked in and sat down at the table.Their wet sandals left marks on the floor.I served them coffee and bread to fight against the cold outside.Then I went back to the kitchen and started cooking.
The silence in the front room struck me. I looked in. The girl held the empty cup in her hands，looking at it. The boy asked in a flat voice, “Lady, are you rich？”
“Am I rich？Pity，no！”
I looked at my wornout slipcovers(家具套)．The girl put her cup back in its saucer(茶杯碟) carefully and said，“Your cups match your saucers.”They left after that, holding their papers against the wind.They had reminded me that I had so much for which to be grateful.
Plain blue china cups and saucers were only worth five pence.But they matched.
I tasted the potatoes and stirred(搅动) the meat soup. Potatoes and brown meat soup, a roof over our heads, my man with a regular job，these matched，too.
I moved the chairs back from the fire and cleaned the living room. The muddy marks of the little sandals were still wet on my floor. Let them be for a while, I thought, just in case I should begin to forget how rich I was.
1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?| A．Lady, Are You Rich? |
| B．A Story of Thanksgiving Day |
| C．The Meaning of Helping Others |
| D．Does Cups and Saucers Match Well? |
| A．she wanted to sell old papers to them |
| B．she wanted to invite them to her Thanksgiving party |
| C．she showed great pity on them |
| D．she had the same experience as them in the past |
| A．The girl thought the writer was rich just because she wanted to make the writer happy. |
| B．The writer had thought she wasn't rich because her supplies were not expensive. |
| C．If cups and saucers match well, they are a best pair even though cheap. |
| D．After hearing what the two children said, the writer seemed to understand what a rich life was. |
| A．show that she was a kindhearted lady |
| B．remind her that she shouldn't forget how rich she was |
| C．leave room for readers to think about what being rich is |
| D．prove that she had understood what meant being rich |
| A．how much money you have made |
| B．what attitude you have had towards life |
| C．the way you communicate with others |
| D．your social relationship |
【推荐3】I’m an American-born Chinese. I wouldn’t say I’m more American than Chinese or vice versa. My character was equally molded by both cultures. For a long time, I was comfortable with being from two cultures. I was fluent in “Chinglish”.
However, as I grew up, something unexpected rose, causing a parallel tension between the two corresponding cultures. During Chinese events when I was in China, the host would sometimes make fun of America. My relatives would look at me and laugh, asking me how I felt. But how could I respond to a question like that? If I said I was uncomfortable, it would just make me seem even more American in their eyes. But I couldn’t pretend to laugh either. So, I often just stayed quiet and smiled.
Sometimes, I’d leave China feeling less Chinese than when I went in.
This past summer, on my way back to Rochester, a man at the airport kept asking my father and I where we were from. When I told him I was from the United States, he didn’t seem to believe me.
He then went on to ask the terrible question, “But like where are you really from, like, where were you born?” And no matter how specific our answers were, the man still seemed a little doubtful. He then went on to ask us if we knew where Tampa, Florida was and if we knew anything about it. It’s moments like these when I realize that sometimes my appearance makes it hard for me to seem fully American.
These experiences made me question if I was more Chinese or American.
I felt like I was neither. So, if I wasn’t completely one culture or the other, what was I? In China, I would feel more American, while in America, I would feel more Chinese. There was no balance between my two cultures.
But this doesn’t mean that I don’t embrace (拥抱) both my identities. I love both my Chinese cultural identity and my American one. I just need to learn to love them together.
1. How did the author feel about his identity at the very beginning?| A．Special. | B．Confident. | C．Confused. | D．Ridiculous. |
| A．Because he found it hard to remain quiet and have a big smile. |
| B．Because he was unable to speak fluent Chinese at his hometown. |
| C．Because he had lost face in front of his relatives and friends. |
| D．Because he was treated as an American by his Chinese relatives. |
| A．His cultures. | B．His experience. | C．His look. | D．His air tickets. |
| A．Being Culturally Homeless | B．A Boy with Two Identities |
| C．A Chinese Boy Born in American | D．Better Chinese than American |
【推荐1】My wife and I were at a crowded grocery store not long ago. It was a weekday evening, cold and wet and tense. People were carelessly blocking aisles, complaining and cutting one another off with their carts. At one point, two women quarreled for several minutes in the freezer section.
Things got worse at the checkout line. The cashier scanned a man's discount card, but he misread the savings on her screen as an additional charge. He decided she was acting on purpose and began to argue.
Other customers looked away as the cashier tried to reason with him. She called a manager, who took him to customer service. Shaken, she moved to the next customer in line.
We’ve all witnessed uncomfortable scenes like this in public places. My reaction when I see them is both personal and professional. I am a data analyst and sociologist who studies how and why people interact with one another--or why they choose not to. To me, the grocery scene was another example of how our trust in others has disappeared. But it was also a teachable moment on how we can rebuild our faith — starting with just one person.
Therefore, my wife and I reached the disturbed cashier. I grabbed a bottle of water from a nearby cooler and handed it to her. We learned her name was Beth.
“We felt bad about how that man treated you and wanted to buy this for you.” I said.
Beth’s face lit up, and we talked as she scanned our items. She told us she had been working that evening through severe foot pain and would be having surgery later that week. We wished her well in her recovery, and she thanked us as we left.
That is the balancing act, the moment of countering social and emotional pain with healing, that will add up to restore trust across the United States. You can start that pattern in someone else's life , even in a place as ordinary as the neighborhood grocery store.
1. By describing the arguments, the author wants to show________.| A．the job as a cashier is not easy. | B．people in the U.S are unfriendly. |
| C．arguments in public are very common. | D．confidence in each other has worn off. |
| A．Sad and regretful. | B．Sorry and embarrassed. |
| C．Cheerful and rewarded. | D．Grateful and relieved. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Optimistic. | C．Uncaring | D．Cautious |
| A．A Miserable Cashier. | B．A Helping Hand. |
| C．Learning to Trust Again. | D．Starting a new life. |
【推荐2】I have a feeling that the existence of the memory box may have troubled my father from the beginning. He didn’t give it to me until my twenty-first birthday even though it had been in our house all that time. Charlotte knew about it, of course, but neither she nor my father could bring themselves to mention it. I think they were both afraid of its significance. Also I was a highly imaginative child and they simply didn’t know how to introduce this memory box into my life.
Now, however, their nervousness makes me curious. What exactly were they afraid of? Did they think I might be shocked, and if so why? At any rate, both of them were visibly on edge, almost guilty, when finally on the morning of my twenty-first birthday they told me about it. It was clear they were relieved when I showed little interest in it. I said I didn’t want to open it, or even see it.
This was a lie, and yet not a lie. The box did, in fact, make me curious even if I found I wanted to suppress (抑制) the feeling. Aged ten, I don’t think I would have been able to. I’m sure I would have been too excited at the thought that it might contain all sorts of treasures; and then around fifteen I’d have found it irresistibly romantic and would have been ready to weep on discovering dried roses pressed between the pages of meaningful poems. But at twenty-one I was very self-centred; my curiosity was only slight and I could more easily deny it. In fact, I felt a kind of discomfort at the notion of a dying woman choosing what to put in a box for me.
Nevertheless, there was no doubt that it forced me to think of Susannah. Growing up, I could hardly have thought of her less, wanting Charlotte to be my only mother. I was always angry if anyone referred to her as my stepmother. However, Charlotte herself would try to calm me by pointing out that, whether I liked it or not, that was exactly what she was.
After Charlotte died, the hardest thing I had to do was go back into our old home. For a whole month, I was obliged to go there day after day until every bit of furniture, every object, every book and picture, every piece of clothing, every last curtain and cushion was sorted out and ready to be collected by all manner of people. This was, of course, how I found the box, even though I very nearly missed it. My attention might not have been caught if it had not been for an odd-looking pink label attached to the parcel. On the label, written in ink which had faded but which you could still read was my own name – For my darling Catherine Hope, in the future.
1. Who left the memory box to the writer?| A．Her sister. | B．Her step mother. |
| C．Her father. | D．Her mother. |
| A．The writer had complicated feelings about the box. |
| B．The writer admitted to her parents she once told a lie. |
| C．The writer wondered why she didn’t want to see the box. |
| D．The writer was hardly curious about what was in the box. |
| A．Charlotte referred to herself as her stepmother. |
| B．She hoped Charlotte could care more about her. |
| C．Charlotte calmed her down by talking of Susannah. |
| D．She missed her mother from the bottom of her heart. |
| A．The writer didn’t see the box until Charlotte died. |
| B．The writer could have a happier childhood without the box. |
| C．The writer blamed her parents for not giving her the box earlier. |
| D．The writer didn’t know the existence of the box before she was 21. |
【推荐3】Feelings are the emotional and physical responses to what we think about and how we react to daily events. Feelings are natural — we can’t stop them from happening. Because we are all different, we respond to feelings in various ways, sometimes positively and sometimes negatively. But if we are aware of our feelings, we can learn to respect ourselves and others.
There are many misunderstandings about feelings. For example, “ Feelings, that womanish stuff. ” Recognizing that feelings are real and natural for everyone is important. Some of us may never agree that feelings are a part of living. It may be difficult for some of us to talk about our feelings. Learning about personal feelings is important in building self-awareness and relationships with others. Most mentally healthy individuals learn to accept feelings, both good and bad.
“Feelings don’t exist, or they are dangerous. So no one should talk about them. ” Refusing to admit feelings can damage relationships. It can also build up emotions to the point when negative behaviors break out, for example, when an angry person hits the table. Not being able to talk to those we respect about our feelings may cause an emotional “shut down ” . Talking about personal feelings with your family may help. But if it doesn’t, you may need to talk about your feelings with someone else.
Instead of denying feelings, it is healthier to talk about them. One of the most important things you can do to create respect in a family is never to deny someone’s feelings. Try to spend time each day, perhaps at the dinner table or in a private chat, talking about feelings. Teach your children by example, like “ I feel afraid that you will be sleepy tomorrow if you don’t go to bed soon. ” Learn to be a good listener and show understanding.
1. What is the feature of feelings?| A．They are negative. | B．They happen naturally. |
| C．They are dangerous. | D．They exist in women. |
| A．To tell a story. | B．To explain an idea. | C．To show a fact. | D．To give a definition. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Negative. | C．Favorable. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．Ways of sharing feelings in a family. | B．Effects of denying someone’s feelings. |
| C．Reasons for having respect in a family. | D．Importance of teaching kids about feelings. |
【推荐1】Chef Bruno Abate owns one of the best pizzerias in Chicago. His restaurant makes thin pizzas, heated in an oven with a wood-burning fire. They come with fillings like mushrooms, onions, olives, tomatoes and Italian meats. Each pizza sells for between $12 and $18 at Abate’s restaurant, Tocco. But do you know you can get a similar pizza for half the price at the Cook County Jail (监狱) in Chicago?
Abate leads a cooking school at the jail. He shows prisoners how to make pizza, pasta, and Italian ice cream, called gelato. The cooking school is called “Recipe for Change.” There, behind the jail’s barbed wires and security barriers, a number of students, including Shaquille Slater, are making pizzas. “I like everything I do,” he says.
Slater makes pizza dough (面团), and then adds fillings to the dough. He makes sure the pizza and its fillings look just right before they come out of the oven. He says working with food makes him forget about being in jail. “It brings up memories of days when you were free and when you were having a good time,” he says.
Workers at the cooking school make about 200 pizzas every week. The pizzas are sold to other prisoners in the jail for about $7 each.
Abate says he is teaching cooking skills to the prisoners, and how to use good, fresh in-gredients (佐料). When they finish the class, the Students have skills they can use to find jobs when they are released from prison.
Abate says his program teaches more than how to make food. He helps the students learn that they need to have a plan for their future so they do not return to prison once they leave the prison. “Through food, I try to teach, you know, how to change in life,” Abate says.
1. What would Slater think of when making pizzas?| A．More chances to find a job in the future. |
| B．His free time before going to prison. |
| C．His bright life after being set free. |
| D．Pride in his wonderful pizzas. |
| A．They are on sale in the prison. |
| B．They are sold in big supermarkets. |
| C．They are donated to other prisoners. |
| D．They are eaten by the students themselves. |
| A．To help prisoners forget their past. |
| B．To deliver his skill of making food. |
| C．To advertise the food in his restaurant. |
| D．To prepare the prisoners for a new life. |
| A．Where Can You Buy Cheap Pizza? |
| B．Prisoners Can Eat Pizza for Half Price |
| C．Prisoners Learn to Make Pizza in Chicago |
| D．How about Running Pizza Restaurant in Prison? |
A study of six big-city Ohio public schools showed students who were required to wear uniforms had improved graduation, behavior and attendance rates. Academic performance was unchanged.
Some high schools in Texas have also joined in the movement. Yet studies find mixed results from requiring uniforms. And some schools have turned away from such policies.
Supporters believe dressing the same creates a better learning environment and safer schools. The school district in Long Beach, California, was the first in the country to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools. The example helped build national interest in uniforms as a way to deal with school violence and improve learning.
Findings in Long Beach suggested that the policy resulted in fewer behavior problems and better attendance. But researcher Viktoria, who has looked at those findings, says they were based only on opinions about the effects of uniforms.
She says other steps taken at the same time to improve schools in Long Beach and statewide could have influenced the findings. The district (the area marked by government) increased punishments for misbehavior. And California passed a law to reduce class sizes.
In Florida, for example, researcher Sharon found that uniforms seemed to improve behavior and reduce violence. In Texas, Eloise found fewer discipline problems among students required to wear uniforms, but no effect on attendance.
Sociologist David has studied school uniform policies since1998．He collected the reports in the book. In his own study, he found that reading and mathematics performance dropped after a school in Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚州) required uniforms.
Political and community pressures may persuade schools to go to uniforms to improve learning. But David and others believe there is not enough evidence of a direct relationship. In fact, he says requiring uniforms may even increase discipline problems.
1. Which of the following researchers are NOT supporters of school uniform policies?
| A．Viktoria and Sharon. | B．Sharon and David. |
| C．Eloise and Sharon. | D．Viktoria and David. |
| A．serious crime | B．bad performance |
| C．absence for class | D．action against wearing uniforms |
| A．More work is needed to get better information about uniform’s effect. |
| B．The number of schools requiring uniforms in the U.S. will become less sharply. |
| C．Wearing uniforms has little to do with behavior and learning. |
| D．Politicians and communities won’t vote for uniform policies. |
| A．More and more students are required to wear uniforms in the U.S. |
| B．Wearing uniforms contributes to good academic performance. |
| C．Researchers in the U.S. argue for school uniform policies. |
| D．Evidence for school uniform polices in the U.S. is seen as weak. |
【推荐3】Up to 40% of all food in the United States is wasted. Producing food that people don’t consume swallows up roughly 20% of America’s cropland and agricultural water, and produces greenhouse gas emissions(排放物) equal to 37 million passenger vehicles each year. Yet, 37 million Americans lack consistent access to adequate and nutritious food.
NRDC’s Food Matters Initiative partners cities to confront food waste. Food Matters is piloting all-round, cutting-edge strategies that are easy to follow and share. The first two strategies--and arguably the most critical ones--are to estimate a local baseline level of food waste and then assess the potential for rescuing surplus food. A baseline is necessary in order to understand the scale and natural of the problem. It is also a prerequisite(先决条件) to assessing any progress made, which will help inform future program development.
Using a calculator tool NRDC developed based on the Food Matters research models ,the Atlanta’s Mayor’s Office of Resilience had a better understanding of the qualities of wasted food and where it was likely occurring. This allowed the city to focus the attention on the solutions that were more closely related to the situation in Atlanta.
As in many cities across the U.S., much of the food wasted in Atlanta occurs in households and consumer-facing businesses such as restaurants. Armed with this information, the Mayor’s Office of Resilience, creates a restaurant challenge encouraging restaurants to work on the entire system of reduction, rescue, and recycling. After 90 days and participation from 6 restaurants at Atlanta’s Hartsfield Jackson airport, the program rescue 21,000 meals and saved owners over $62000.
Atlanta’s restaurant challenge is one of a handful of examples where cities have engaged(吸引) consumer-facing food businesses to reduce their food waste. New York led the charge with a Mayor’s challenge to restaurants .Denver recently completed a series of neighborhood restaurant challenges. Nashville has an ongoing Mayor’s Food Saver Challenge including not just restaurants but other food businesses as well. Several other cities and countries throughout the country have similar business engagement success stories.
1. What are the data mainly about in paragraph 1?| A．the harm of food waste | B．the cause of food pollution |
| C．the importance of food safety | D．the solution to food waste. |
| A．It makes new plans for banning food waste |
| B．It helps the city better work on the solutions. |
| C．It tests the work efficiency of the government |
| D．It increases the potential for recycling food waste. |
| A．Inspiring customers to order food based on actual need |
| B．Teaching waiters to deal with food waste in the greener way. |
| C．Encouraging restaurants to reduce food waste in every process . |
| D．Making restaurants compete with each other in waste recycling. |
| A．Restaurant challenges only work in America |
| B．More and more cities are focusing on food waste . |
| C．Food businesses are the main sources of food waste . |
| D．It is difficult to complete the restaurant challenges. |
