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Wildlife Crossing Bridges

The Wildlife Bridge

In 2018, Utah built a wildlife bridge over the busy highway 1-80. A 4.8-kilometer fence was created to help guide animals to the bridge. Normally, animals take a long time to discover and begin using wildlife bridges, so experts didn’t expect the bridge to get much traffic for several years. But recently, they’ve discovered many different kinds of animals are beginning to move by using the bridge.

The Rope Bridge

On China’s Hainan Island in 2015, scientists created a bridge for Hainan gibbons that are the world’s most endangered primates and normally cross the forest by swinging high in the trees. But after a 2014 typhoon, landslides caused huge gaps in the forest, which were forcing the gibbons to make dangerous jumps. Scientists created a simple and cheap rope bridge, which settled the problem.

The Eco-Bridge

In Uttarakhand state in India, the forest department has built a special "eco-bridge" , made from all-natural materials. It’s 27.5 meters long and runs over one of the busiest highways in the area. Though the bridge is high in the trees, forest department workers hope the bridge will help smaller animals on the ground, too. Already, the bridge has gotten a lot of attention on the Internet, with many people taking photos in front of it every day.

The Park Bridge

The Phil Hardberger Park lies in San Antonio, Texas, and recently it has opened what they say is the largest wildlife bridge in the US. This bridge, unlike the others mentioned here, was built for use by both animals and humans. The park says they have already seen deer using the bridge.

1. What has made experts feel unexpected about the Wildlife Bridge?
A.It’s been completed within 2 years.B.It’s being used by animals already.
C.It’s become an Internet-famous site.D.It’s America’s biggest wildlife bridge.
2. Which bridges run over highways?
A.The Wildlife Bridge and the Eco-Bridge.B.The Wildlife Bridge and the Rope Bridge.
C.The Eco-Bridge and the Park Bridge.D.The Rope Bridge and the Park Bridge.
3. What is the common purpose in building the four bridges?
A.To attract more tourists.B.To reduce traffic accidents.
C.To save endangered animals.D.To create wildlife passageways.

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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是哈瓦达克斯的掠食性啮齿类动物消失大约十年后,大批海鸟又回来了,老鼠不仅影响鸟类,而且影响整个食物链——一直到藻类。

【推荐1】When Carolyn Kurle first visited Alaska’s Hawadax Island, then known as Rat Island, she immediately noticed the silence. “When you’re on an island that’s never had rats, it’s just like birds everywhere — it’s really loud,” she says. “So when you get to an island that does have rats, you really notice because it’s cacophony versus quiet.”

Nowadays Hawadax is once again a noisy place. Roughly a decade after a successful effort to rid the island of its predatory rodents (捕食性啮齿动物), a mass of seabirds has returned. And the benefits have extended across the island’s entire seashore ecosystem, which is again full of diverse life. These findings, published in Scientific Reports, show that certain ecosystems can recover with surprising speed if given the chance.

“This study is an example of something positive that can happen when we humans take action to clean up after ourselves,” says Kurle, who is lead author of the study and a conservation ecologist at the University of California, San Diego. “It also highlights how everything is interlinked, especially in coastal systems.”

The greedy rodents colonized Hawadax after a Japanese shipwreck in the 1780s, and they quickly wiped out seabird communities. Kurle’s first findings, published in 2008, showed that the rats affected not just birds but the entire food chain — all the way down to algae (藻类). Without birds to eat seashore invertebrates (无脊椎动物), populations of snails and other species feeding on plants exploded and consumed much of the marine kelp (巨藻), which provides crucial habitat for other organisms. “Certain invasive species can have impacts beyond those that are most obvious,” Kurle says.

Those early findings inspired the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in partnership with The Nature Conservancy and Island Conservation, to wipe out the rats by dropping poison on Hawadax. Kurle and her colleagues secured funding to survey the island 5 and 11 years after taking the action. They found that its ecosystem had steadily recovered and now resembles that of other Aleutian Islands that were never invaded by rats, with significantly fewer marine invertebrates and much more kelp cover.

“Very few rat-eradication projects have focused on the impact on marine ecosystems, so the Hawadax Island case is really noteworthy,” says University of Tennessee, Knoxville, ecologist Daniel Simberloff, who was not involved in the study. “This is a very cool, elegant result from an academic ecology standpoint and, of course, is important in terms of conservation.”

1. What does “cacophony” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A.Silent night.B.Messy beach.
C.Limited space.D.Disagreeable sounds.
2. According to paragraph 4, which of the following can be important for small animals or plants?
A.Greedy rodents.B.Marine kelp.
C.Seashore invertebrates.D.Invasive species.
3. The efforts made in the “Hawadax Island Case” include the following EXCEPT ________.
A.setting traps and catching rats
B.raising money for follow-up study
C.joining hands with conservation groups
D.comparing Hawadax with other rat-free islands
4. What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Birds and rats cannot co-exist.
B.Rats are invasive species that must be rooted out.
C.Ecosystem is too delicate to restore itself once disturbed.
D.Removing invaders on land can benefit marine populations.
2022-06-25更新 | 181次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐2】One night, Pilar was in a deep sleep when she was woken by her cat Inti. Inti was meowing wildly outside Pilar’s bedroom and throwing himself against the closed bedroom door. When Pilar opened her eyes, she saw that her bedroom was filled with smoke. As she escaped her house with Inti in her arms, she saw that a fire was burning in her kitchen. Pilar could easily have lost her life, but Inti would not let that happen. Even though Inti could have escaped the house through a cat door, he wouldn’t leave Pilar.

As amazing as this story is, it is not as uncommon as you may think. Take the example of Charlotte Lee and her horse, Thunder. One summer night, the whole family was asleep with the windows open. It was normally very quiet where they lived. Suddenly, there was a loud noise. Charlotte woke up from her sweet dream, and the noise continued. Then she heard a horse running fast towards the house. The next thing she saw was Thunder standing outside her window, neighing(嘶叫) and shaking his head. She knew something was wrong. Charlotte quickly got everyone out of the house before the earthquake hit. Thunder has saved her life.

There are also stories of wild animals coming to the rescue of humans. One animal known to be a friend of humans is the dolphin. Once, Todd Endris was surfing with his friends when he was attacked by a 13-foot(4-meter) shark. In the middle of the attack, a group of dolphins came to his rescue by forming a protective ring around Endris until he could get safely to shore. Without the help of the dolphins, there is little chance that Todd could have escaped.

No one is sure why animals have so often come to our rescue. However, it is clear that humans and animals enjoy a close relationship. It is important that we care for them as much as we can.

1. Why did Inti throw himself against the door?
A.He was trying to wake up his owner.
B.He wanted to get out of the room.
C.He felt bored and was playing by himself.
D.He couldn’t find the way out because of smoke.
2. Before the earthquake hit, Charlotte     ______.
A.closed the windowsB.was sleeping deeply
C.ran to warn her neighborsD.got her horse out of the stable
3. Both Inti and Thunder     _______.
A.were shy and quietB.used to make noise at night
C.were brave and smartD.saved their owners several times
4. Which of the following is probably Todd’s feeling towards the dolphins?
A.Doubtful.B.Grateful.
C.Frightened.D.Bored.
2018-12-19更新 | 194次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章以安康鱼为例,说明海洋动物从“故意避免”变成“自愿食用”,这一做法是为了保护生物多样性。

【推荐3】Monkfish are low in calories and they are easy to cook. They can be cut into pieces, mixed with egg whites, cornflour and salt, and then put into boiling water for a few minutes. There is only one problem with monkfish: they are ugly. With their eyes sticking out and wide mouths full of sharp teeth, they are frightening.

In the Netherlands, fishermen who caught them used to throw them back. They are still usually sold without their heads, but the days of throwing them away are long gone. Japanese diners love the fatty liver; while Italians may still call them toad tails, that doesn’t stop them from eating the fish. People have been encouraged to eat more monkfish, as well as other unattractive creatures — in order to ensure the biodiversity of the ocean environment.

There are more examples for sea animals going from “purposely avoided” to “willingly consumed”. In America, lobsters used to be fed to prisoners — a result of their abundance but also, no doubt, because they are difficult to eat and look frightening. Not until the late 19th century did they become fantastic dish. Today they are so desirable that Maine, where most American lobsters are caught, has the images of these creatures printed on many of its vehicles.

Sometimes fashion goes the other way. Turtles were plentiful in early America, but in the 19th century they became fashionable: few foods were more recommended than turtle soup. Americans ate some species of turtle nearly to extinction. Yet today turtle-eating is more closely associated with remote and uncultured areas.

Among cooking choices, people prefer the rare and the beautiful one than the unattractive one. But such narrow-minded food choices can have bad results: some species may not survive human preference for them. Better to stare into monkfish’s eyes than to contribute to the permanent loss of a species.

1. How were monkfish treated in the Netherlands?
A.They were abandoned by local fishermen.B.They were popular due to their fatty livers.
C.They were called toad tails from time to time.D.They were considered a danger to the ecosystem.
2. Why are lobsters mentioned in paragraph 3?
A.To stress its abundance in America.B.To make a comparison with monkfish.
C.To prove prisoners used to be fed on seafood.D.To show people’s food habits keep changing.
3. What can we learn from paragraph 4?
A.Turtle-eating has been out of date now.
B.Turtles have completely disappeared in America.
C.Turtles were purposely avoided among food choices.
D.Turtle-eating was against fashion in the 19th century.
4. What is the main purpose of this text?
A.To introduce rare undersea wildlife.B.To encourage people to eat seafood.
C.To explain why people dislike monkfish.D.To call for the protection of biodiversity.
2024-02-24更新 | 62次组卷
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