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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:64 题号:12859037

Some colors people see late at night could cause signs of clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression. Doctors use the word “clinical depression” to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide.

In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters(仓鼠)to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night. The animals were separated into four groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their night-time period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the most depressed animals drank the least amount of water.

Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is that these animals didn’t show any sleep uneasiness at all but they did mess up biological clock genes and they did show depressive sign while if they were in the dim(微弱)red light, they did not.”

Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive(感光)cells in the eyes have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the natural sleep-wake cycle.

He says there’s a lot of blue in white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness.

1. Researchers use hamsters in the experiment because ________.
A.they are similar to humans in dealing with colors
B.they are easy to observe and study
C.they are active at night and sleep during the day
D.they are sensitive to colors like human beings
2. What sign shows that the hamsters are being depressed?
A.They don’t sleep well.B.They drink less sugary water.
C.Their eyesight becomes worse.D.Their energy level becomes low.
3. ________ tends to cause hamsters to be depressed.
A.Blue lightB.Red light
C.Dim lightD.Darkness
4. In which situation are people less likely to develop depression?
A.Not being exposed to dim red light when using computers.
B.Living or working in low levels of light overnight.
C.Equipping their computer screens to put it more in the reddish light.
D.Going to see doctors of clinical depression regularly for help.

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【推荐1】Why do people lie? Many psychologists agree that lying can start from childhood. There are various reasons why children make false statements. They usually tell untruthful stories to cover up the mistakes that they have done in the past. Lying is also a way to avoid receiving punishments from parents. If parents, fail to reprimand their children for making up false stories, then there is a possibility that they will continue to lie during their teenage years.

Teenagers lie because they want to be accepted by their friends. This is the main reason why they create stories that are not true just to become presentable and acceptable to other people. In some instances, teenagers tell untruthful statements to avoid criticisms from their families and friends.

As teenagers grow, lying becomes one of their habits. Their knowledge on making up untruthful stories becomes more developed. People lie in workplaces if they fail to meet the deadlines and if they fail to accomplish and do their tasks efficiently. Some of the common lies made in workplaces are getting sick and having emergencies at home. The danger involved in frequent lying is when it becomes a character. Frequent lying causes the development of the condition known to doctors as pathological lying.

Pathological lying is a mental health condition, which is associated with individuals who have the urge to tell untruthful statements. Patients suffering from it make up stories about everything and anything. These individuals pretend to meet the standards of other people who they want to please. These patients cheat other people because it gives them an unexplained pleasure. One of the best ways of treating pathological liars is to help them tell true statements and stories at all times. This may be hard for them, but as they are accustomed to it, they will start to realize that they will be more accepted by their families and other people if they stop themselves from making up false stories.

1. What does the underlined word "reprimand'' in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.satisfyB.criticize
C.discourageD.praise
2. Why do Teenagers tell lies according to the passage?
A.Because they want to avoid being punished.B.Because they want to fool other people.
C.Because they want to satisfy others.D.Because they want to attract others' attention.
3. Why is Pathological lying a disease?
A.Because the patients can't help lying.
B.Because the patients lose interest in everything.
C.Because the patients are critical about themselves.
D.Because the patients have the urge to please others.
4. What are patients suffering pathological lying most likely to do?
A.They really want to play jokes on others.
B.They often suffer from some other diseases.
C.They usually want to show off themselves by making some statements.
D.They always like making up pleasing stories.
5. How does the writer explain pathological lying?
A.By showing some typical examples.B.By predicting the future consequences.
C.By analyzing its causes and development.D.By listing a group of phenomena.
2020-07-07更新 | 34次组卷
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了科研人员研究发现,打电话或视频等有声音的联系比文字更能让社交有效,无论老朋友还是陌生人。

【推荐2】So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person. Fortunately, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you prefer typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider.     1    

A new study found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.

    2     In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone. And then they assigned people at random to do one or the other.    3    

“People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone than email, and they did not feel more awkward,” study co-author Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business, said in a statement.

In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connect by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication—whether video or audio only—made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text.

Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience,    4    Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation.     5     .“Each party is present, and therefore, able to understand the meaning behind the content without ruminating on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.”

A.if they want to get connected with someone far away.
B.According to science, if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to, you should call them instead of texting.
C.Although people expected that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better.
D.as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “express information exactly without unexpected interruptions by the other person.”
E.As far as some people are concerned, making a call can save us more time than texting.
F.In the study, researchers used various experiments to measure connectedness.
G.“A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message,” she explains.
2023-08-27更新 | 161次组卷
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【推荐3】Running may feel like a big task for most of us. But do you know our species has evolved to run better than any other animals on this planet? Cheetahs are the fastest land animals in the world. But do you know that humans can leave them in the dust? At least, in the long run, that’s right. When it comes to endurance, we can outrun cheetahs, wolves and even horses. So what makes humans such endurance running superstars? The secret weapon is our sweat. We have 2-4 million sweat glands(腺) all over our body, which means we can run and cool ourselves at the same time. Having no fur is also a huge plus. In contrast, dogs rely on panting(喘息) to cool down, and other animals, like horses and camels, also sweat, but less effectively. As a result, they overheat faster and must slow down sooner.

So, why did humans get to be such great endurance runners, anyway? Some experts believe this became important around 2-3 million years ago, when we started hunting. Because we couldn’t chase down a gazelle(瞪羚) like a cheetah, early humans learned hunting.

Studies show running can lower body weight and body fat. And the longer you train, the greater the benefits are. Just one year of training has been shown to reduce body weight by about 7 lbs, lower body fat by 2.7% and decrease resting heart rate by 2.7%.

It may seem really hard, or even impossible to run a mile or a marathon. But in fact, you were born to go on that run. We all were.

1. In the first paragraph, cheetahs are mentioned to ________.
A.show cheetahs are the fastest land animals in the world
B.introduce humans can run fastest on the planet in the long run
C.contrast with wolves and even horses in one aspect of endurance
D.inform running may be a big challenge for most of us humans
2. Why can we humans be endurance running superstars?
A.We can pant to cool down our heat like dogs.
B.We can sweat effectively like horses and camels.
C.We have massive sweat glands and meanwhile no fur.
D.We can run and overheat fastest to cool down ourselves.
3. According to studies in the text, if you want to lose weight, what should you do?
A.Eat a variety of vegetables and less fat.B.Work out at the gym every day.
C.Exercise outside as much as you like.D.Conduct systematic training in running.
4. What does the author intend to emphasize in the last paragraph?
A.Humans have great running ability by birth.
B.Humans can chase down animals like cheetahs.
C.Marathoners don’t need hard training.
D.Running can lower body weight and fat.
2020-07-08更新 | 40次组卷
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