A strong coffee after a poor night’s sleep is the kick-start many people need in the morning but new research suggests that it might be best to have a bite to eat first.
A study has found that drinking coffee first can have a negative effect on blood sugar control - a risk factor for diabetes and heart disease.
“We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and, before doing anything else, drink coffee—subjectively the more tired we feel, the stronger the coffee,” said Professor James Betts, at the University of Bath in the UK.
For their study, researchers at the University of Bath got 29 healthy men and women to take part in three different overnight experiments, with at least a week between them.
In one, the participants had a normal night’s sleep, roughly from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m., and were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning. They then experienced an interrupted night’s sleep, where the researchers woke them every hour for five minutes by sending them text messages to which they had to respond — and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.
On another night, participants experienced the same sleep interruption, but this time were first given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.
They found that one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants’ blood sugar and insulin responses when compared to the normal night’s sleep—although previous research suggested that losing many hours of sleep or many nights of poor sleep could have a negative effect. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50% — suggesting that relying on coffee after a bad night to stop feeling sleepy could limit your body’s ability to tolerate the sugar in your breakfast.
1. What was unchanged in the three experiments?| A．The sugary drink. | B．The blood sugar response. |
| C．The amount of sleep. | D．The intake of coffee. |
| A．A normal sugary drink. | B．A normal night’s sleep. |
| C．A cup of strong black coffee. | D．An interrupted night’s sleep. |
| A．By referring to some documents. | B．By listing some examples. |
| C．By surveying the participants. | D．By comparing the results. |
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【推荐1】Which do you like better: breakfast or lunch?
Today, it is a meal eaten around late morning to early afternoon, usually on weekends. It might seem like a simple meal, but sometimes it raises breakfast to an artistic level. For example, ordinary pancakes might be changed to blueberry pancakes.
In Melbourne, brunch culture is also being welcomed. I decided to try it with my friend. We visited a cafe that is famous for its flower theme.
This theme is also shown in its food and drinks. The pink rose tea latte (拿铁) had real rose petals (花瓣) on top.
The brunch greatly satisfied my appetite (食欲).
| A．It tasted as sweet as it looked. |
| B．Lack of food is the main cause of brunch. |
| C．Well, with brunch you don’t have to choose! |
| D．Though I was full, I still wanted to have another one. |
| E．Rich British people are believed to have invented brunch. |
| F．Even if I was busy with work, I still spent enough time having breakfast. |
| G．There was a wall full of various types of fresh and colorful flowers. |
【推荐2】Ice cream season is here! Let’s hope you have enough money for your favorite flavors. But have you ever thought about getting paid to eat ice cream?
The idea isn’t pie in the sky. It’s how American Derek Spors, 32, makes his living. Although he simply calls himself a product developer at Ben and Jerry’s, an ice-cream company based in Vermont. His job is something delicious.
So how did he become an ice-cream expert in the first place? Spors received a degree in food science from the University of Wisconsin. However, some research and development staff in the company come from culinary (厨师的) backgrounds.
This makes for a good mix. People with a food science background and those with a culinary background both know a lot about food, but the things they know are different. “In studying food science, you learn about food functionality, but you don’t really learn how to make it taste good.” Spors said. “To the consumer, it’s all about the taste.”
Great tastes are exactly what Spors spends his days inventing and perfecting.
So how is a new product developed? According to Spors, the process has to begin with a new idea for a flavor. Next comes the formulation (配方) of “base” mixes. This lays the foundation (基础) for new flavors, which involves complex science. On top of all these chemical experiments, the mix has to taste good.
Being an ice-cream inventor does have its own rewards-who wouldn’t want a chance to create a new ice cream flavor? For Spors, it’s terrific to know his work makes others happy when he goes to the grocery store and sees someone buy ice cream he developed.
1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “pie in the sky” in Paragraph 2?| A．Unlikely. |
| B．Simple. |
| C．Unusual. |
| D．Decent. |
| A．Developing new markets. |
| B．Inventing good tastes. |
| C．Making phone calls. |
| D．Eating delicious food. |
| A．How to make ice cream taste good. |
| B．What helps make a good mix. |
| C．What Spors learned at university. |
| D．How others’ work helps Spors. |
| A．It’s terrible. |
| B．It’s awesome. |
| C．It’s tiring. |
| D．It’s well-paid. |
【推荐3】Have you always been in such a dilemma in start your day? You want to enjoy a nice cheesy piece of pizza or a milkshake, but don’t want to deal with the aches and pains that come after. Actually this discomfort is commonly believed to be caused by lactose (乳糖) intolerance. It is estimated that 68 percent of the global human population is lactose intolerant.
While cutting out dairy products is a surefire way, yet this is like throwing the baby out with the bathwater. People with laclose intolerance will be happy to know there are plenty of solutions that’ll let them enjoy these foods without feeling uncomfortable.
When you take in lactose, sitting down or bending over may make you feel pain from gases compressing in your stomach. Adjust your posture to remove pressure from your stomach.
Meanwhile, diet assists. Choose lactose-free milk or milk alternatives like soy milk, coconut milk or oat milk to prevent pain. They taste the same as regular milk, so you can still enjoy the full
flavor without any discomfort. Dairy that’s already been processed can also be on your list because it has some of its inctose broken down so there isn’t as much for your body to digest. Sometimes taking lactase (乳糖酶) pills before you eat dairy products can have an immediate effect.
There is no cure for lactose intolerance and no permanent treatment that can increase your body’s lactuse production. But what we do know about the lactose intolerance, to some extent, reveals how wrong-headed one-size-fits-all nutritional guidance can be for milk-drinking has been presented as universally good. In reality, how milk becomes part of nutrition depends, at least in part, on how our bodies process it.
1. How does the author introduce the topic?| A．By analyzing data. | B．By telling a funny story |
| C．By presenting an argument. | D．By relating to a person’s routine. |
| A．Because it tastes better. | B．Because it has more nutrition. |
| C．Because it contains less lactose. | D．Because it can produce some lactase. |
| A．1t’s unnecessary to avoid lactosc intolerance. |
| B．It is highly advisable to drink proccssed milk. |
| C．The disadvantage of drinking milk was overstated. |
| D．There should be a personalized guidance in drinking milk. |
| A．New scientific findings:Milk saves your day |
| B．Daily hide-and-seek: A disease that goes unnoticed |
| C．From discomfort to delight: Proper ways for milk drinking |
| D．The once-for-all solution: Replace your milk with a cup of tea |
【推荐1】While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed grains worldwide, a study covering more than 100, 000 people has revealed that choosing rice as a staple (主要的) food may result in a lower risk of obesity (肥胖).
Researchers collected data from participants aged 35 to 74. The participants responded to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews, providing information about their medical history and lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, dietary status and physical activity. The researchers divided them into three groups according to their weekly rice and wheat intake. The first group eats rice as their staple food, consuming it either daily or four to six times per week. The second group’s staple food is wheat, and the third group consumes both rice and wheat as their staple food, with similar frequency.
The results show that rice preference may be associated with a lower risk of certain obesity types and that higher wheat intake was associated with higher risks of excessive body fat in men and women. However, when wheat lovers changed their staple food to rice five times per week, the participants showed a 36.5 percent lower risk of obesity in men and a 20.5 percent lower risk in women.
According to the researchers, wheat flour absorbs less water than rice when cooked, partly resulting in a higher energy density of wheat than rice. Meanwhile, rice-based dietary patterns often have more fresh vegetables, legumes, meat and fish servings. People with wheat preference tend to eat large bowls of noodles with fewer vegetables or less meat, and sometimes even with a large amount of oil.
The researchers concluded that compared with a preference for wheat, a preference for rice, or changing from wheat to rice could be associated with lower risks of overall fat accumulation, especially for individuals with normal weight. They also noted that given the vast territory and diverse ethnic groups, further studies may be necessary to fully understand the regional specificity and potential reasons for the observed links.
1. How did the researchers arrange the subjects?| A．By the age. |
| B．By the gender. |
| C．By their territory. |
| D．By their staple food. |
| A．We can take in as much rice as possible. |
| B．Wheat intake makes people fat and unhealthy. |
| C．Obesity risk can get lower with the shift of staple food. |
| D．Women are easier to get fat by consuming too much wheat. |
| A．How people cook their means. |
| B．What people should eat for their health. |
| C．Why people easily get fat by intake of wheat. |
| D．What ingredients should be included in the diet. |
| A．More studies should be done to better understand the connection. |
| B．People from different places have different preferences for food. |
| C．Overweight people shouldn’t eat any wheat food. |
| D．People with normal weight won’t gain fat again. |
【推荐2】There is an English saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated (忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
1. The underlined word “diminishes” in the third paragraph means “________”.| A．delays | B．prevents |
| C．increases | D．reduces |
| A．Because they want to earn more money. |
| B．Because they think they will help the patients recover from illnesses. |
| C．Because they want to improve their patients’ condition. |
| D．Because they want their patients to laugh more. |
| A．laugh as much as possible |
| B．watch more funny films |
| C．smile all the time |
| D．spend time in the laughter clinics |
| A．Both laughter and physical exercise are good for health. |
| B．Laughter clinics can help patients improve their condition. |
| C．Laughter can reduce the effect ofpain. |
| D．Laughter is the best medicine. |
【推荐3】With humans encroaching(侵入) more and more on wildlife habitats, animals are finding that the best way to survive isn’t to pack up and move—it’s to adapt to the night life. A variety of previously daytime animals such as foxes, deer and boars have become active at night to avoid human activity out of fear. But this nighttime switch comes with its own risks.
Researchers looked at how 62 species of animals on six continents changed their behavior in response to human activities such as hunting, farming, and development. The studies employed various technologies to follow the animals, from GPS trackers to motion-activated cameras.
Once night falls, the animals surveyed became far more active than they were before humans arrived, hunting and looking for food in the dark. For example, animals that used to split their activity evenly between day and night typically increased their nighttime activity to 68%.
The team also found the animals responded similarly to these human encroachments, regardless of whether human activity directly affected them. So, a deer might become more active at night simply because it sees humans hiking nearby, not because it’s being hunted.
The researchers believe these nighttime behaviors not only allow humans and animals to coexist more peacefully, they may be able to give us hints as to how to plan conservation efforts accordingly, such as limiting human activity during times when a specific species is more active. But moving to the nightlife could also have downsides for these animals. A nighttime lifestyle can reduce an animal’s ability to hunt and find food successfully and can even affect its ability to find a mate. Switching to a nighttime lifestyle can affect natural patterns of life even if these animals are doing so to reduce their interaction with humans. So, just because animals are becoming more active at night doesn’t mean they’ve escaped the influence of humans.
1. Why are animals becoming more active at night?| A．It is easier to find food at night. |
| B．It is easier to escape being hunted. |
| C．They have got used to nightlife. |
| D．They can be less affected by human. |
| A．They followed and watched the animals. |
| B．They compared different animals. |
| C．They used modern technologies. |
| D．They found more animals at night. |
| A．Deer can get used to nightlife easily. |
| B．Animals can be affected only when being hunted. |
| C．Any human encroachment can affect animals. |
| D．Animals should stay away from humans. |
| A．Animals move to nightlife due to human encroachments. |
| B．Animals have their own ways to get used to life changes. |
| C．Animals should be well protected before it is too late. |
| D．The benefits and risks of animals’ nightlife style. |
【推荐1】Throughout history, people have promoted stories of curse. Here are some famous ones.
King Tut's Curse
In 1923, a British archaeological team opened the tomb of "King Tut". Two months later, when the team's sponsor died from a bacterial infection, British newspapers claimed that was because of "King Tut's curse". Whenever other members of the team died, the media mentioned the curse gain.
Though it's not clear how many people took the curses seriously, these stories became popular subjects for some horror movies and comedies.
The Curse of the Polish King's tomb
In 1973, a group of archaeologists opened the tomb of Polish king Casimir IV in Poland. European media covered the great event, and the researchers joked they were risking a curse on the tomb by opening it.
When some team members began to die shortly after, some media suspected it was due to a curse. Later, experts discovered traces of deadly bacteria inside the tomb that could cause lung illnesses when breathed in.
The Curse of Tippecanoe
In the mid-20th century, US media began to note a pattern that, starting with Harrison and ending with Kennedy, every 20years the country elected a president to die in office.
Believe It or Not claimed the "pattern" was due to a curse placed by the chief of Shawnee, Tecumseh, on Harrison and future presidents after Harrison's troops defeated Tecumseh's at the battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. This story bears a similarity to other "curses" in US books and movies about disturbing Native burial grounds.
1. What can be learned from the first two curses?| A．It was the media that made up the curses. |
| B．Whoever opened the tombs would be cursed. |
| C．All he members died after the opening of the tombs. |
| D．The bacteria in the tombs could probably cause the deaths. |
| A．evil spirits |
| B．loyal guards |
| C．powerful gods |
| D．American natives |
| A．Events. |
| B．Mystery. |
| C．Religion. |
| D．Entertainment. |
【推荐2】Because of its extremely rich natural resources, the United States appeared to be a land of plenty where millions could come to find what they wanted. Therefore, immigrants have traditionally come to this land, hoping to make a fortune. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, and many of them suffered terribly, but most of them were finally able to improve upon their former standard of living. Even if they were not able to achieve the success they wanted, they could be very certain that their children would have the opportunity for a better life.
The phrase “going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the “American Dream”. Because of the huge riches of the North American Continent, the dream came true for many of the immigrants. They achieved material success and many got tied to material things. Material wealth became a value to the American people.
Americans have paid a price, however, for their material wealth. The North American Continent was rich in natural resources when the first settlers arrived, but all these resources were unexploited. Only by hard work could these natural resources be changed into material things, allowing a more comfortable standard of living. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. Because of this, they came to see material things as the natural reward for their hard work.
Most Americans still believe in the value of hard work. Most believe that people should hold jobs and not live off welfare payments (福利金) from the government. There have been many efforts to reform the welfare system so that people would not become dependent on welfare and stop looking for jobs to support themselves.
However, as the United States has shifted from an industry-based economy to one that is service-based or information-based, there has been a fall in high- paying jobs for factory workers. Additionally, with it competing in a global economy, many workers are losing their old jobs and finding that they must now work longer hours for less money and fewer benefits.
1. What attracted immigrants to come to America?| A．The natural beauty in America. |
| B．The dream of becoming famous. |
| C．The wish of improving their lives. |
| D．The idea of experiencing different traditions. |
| A．Undervalued. | B．Undeveloped. | C．Unprotected. | D．Unchecked. |
| A．People depend too much on government welfare. | B．One should support himself through hard work. |
| C．Welfare payments make sure people live better. | D．Everyone should hold a job whoever he is. |
| A．Why working hours are longer. |
| B．What affects the global economy. |
| C．What causes workers to quit jobs. |
| D．Why life is harder for workers. |
【推荐3】If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize over projects at work, and even worry about small errors from the past. High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, pursuing perfection can have serious consequences to both mental and physical well-being.
According to researchers, perfectionists hold themselves to unrealistically high standards and become self-critical if they believe they haven’t met these standards. Perfectionists are also likely to feel guilt and shame if they experience failures, which often leads them to avoid situations where they are worried they might fail.
In one study, researchers looked at a total of 284 studies (with over 57,000 participants) and found that perfectionism was associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. They also found that people higher in perfectionism (i.e. participants who more strongly identified with perfectionist traits) also reported higher levels of overall psychological distress.
In an article published in 2016, researchers looked at how perfectionism and depression were related over time. They found that people higher in perfectionism tended to have increases in depression symptoms, which suggests that perfectionism may be a risk factor for developing depression. In other words, although people may think of their perfectionism as something that helps them succeed, it appears that their perfectionism may actually be harmful for their mental health.
Since perfectionism is associated with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes hesitant to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being less successful. In fact, because mistakes are an important part of learning and growing, embracing imperfection can actually help us in the long run.
1. Why does the author describe the scene in the first paragraph?| A．To introduce the topic. |
| B．To provide examples. |
| C．To support the author’s argument. |
| D．To define a concept. |
| A．A person who is determined to achieve high goals. |
| B．A person who tends to feel sorry for what he has done. |
| C．A person who blames himself for not being that successful. |
| D．A person who holds high standards for themselves. |
| A．It may lower one’s mental health. |
| B．It reflects one’s psychological level. |
| C．It results in depression immediately. |
| D．It stops one from recovering from depression. |
| A．A call for not being a perfectionist. |
| B．Another side-effect of perfectionism. |
| C．Why perfectionism is harmful. |
| D．How to avoid perfectionism. |
【推荐1】A polished resume is essential for a successful school or job application. A clear structure and well-organized content can be the difference between success and failure.
Structuring your resume
(1) Create a header with your name and contact information. There are also down loadable templates(模板) available online. If none of them appeals to you, however, you can always use your own design.
(2) Use a chronological(时间顺序排列的)resume. In a chronological resume, you list your work and education experiences, starting with your most recent experience.
(3) Include your relevant education, awards or training. Typically, your highest academic qualification is the only one you need to include on your resume.
If you had a cumulative(累积的)GPA of 3.5 or higher, feel free to include it. Otherwise, it would be best to leave it out. If you re listing more than one degree, include your GPA on both of them, if possible.
(4) List work experience, including relevant volunteer work and internships. Use specific job titles and short explanations that tell potential employers exactly what you did, what skills you gained and how they could be useful in a new job.
(5) Try a functional resume, if you lack direct work experience. With a functional resume you can highlight your specific skills and resources without having to list previous jobs. A functional resume emphasizes what you can do rather than what you've done.
Making your content shine
Place keywords in your resume strategically. Schools or employers often use software to scan resumes for specific keywords.
1. How should you present your job and education experiences on a resume?| A．Begin with your most successful experience. |
| B．Stan with your most recent experience. |
| C．Include as many details as possible. |
| D．Only introduce your highest degree. |
| A．If your total GPA was below 3.5. | B．If your cumulative GPA was below 4.0. |
| C．If you're listing more than one decree. | D．If you are still a student. |
| A．List my job you've done before. |
| B．talk about how much you know about the job. |
| C．Focus on your abilities and skills related to the job. |
| D．Share what you've learned from your previous work. |
| A．Use a catchy template. | B．Send your resume in a DOC file. |
| C．Mention a hobby that you are good at. | D．Highlight some keywords in your resume. |
| A．The ways to shine the content of your resume。 |
| B．How to structure your resume. |
| C．The recipe of resume success. |
| D．The contact information in the resume. |
【推荐2】When we’re in need, we always turn to our parents for help. But would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground or lunch queue? Social networking sites have become extensions (延伸) of the school hallways, so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends?
In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were up to date with latest technology and parents were left behind, content to continue their day to day lives as they always had because they had no need to know more about technology. However, more and more parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the motivation to educate themselves about social networking sites.
These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them; there’s also a certain amount of control over privacy that we don’t get in real life. Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated (侵犯）when we must accept a “friend” request from a parent or family member.
It’s a difficult choice whether or not to allow a parent to become a part of our online lives. On the one hand we don’t want to “reject” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide. On the other hand if you do accept, then you could have a sense of being watched and no longer feel free to comment or communicate the way you did before.
A recent survey suggested that parents shouldn’t take it personally if their child ignores their request: “When a teen ignores a parent’s friend request, it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are hiding something, but it could mean that this is one part of their life where they want to be independent.”
Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the blow if you do choose not to add them to your friends list.
1. The passage is mainly about ______.| A．privacy online | B．parents’ friend requests |
| C．the generation gap | D．social networks |
| A．parents have realized the importance of social networks |
| B．parents feel secure about their privacy online |
| C．social networks successfully fill the generation gap |
| D．social networks offer a platform for parents to communicate |
| A．their parents make negative comments on them |
| B．they hide something from their parents |
| C．they are unwilling to be watched by parents |
| D．their parents tend to fall behind in technology |
| A．parents | B．teachers |
| C．researchers | D．teenagers |
【推荐3】I know what courage looks like. I saw it on a flight I took six years ago, and only now can I speak of it without tears filling eyes at the memory.
Our flight left the Orlando Airport one Friday morning. But immediately upon take-off, it was clear that something was wrong. The aircraft was bumping(颠簸) up and down. All the experienced travellers, including me, looked around with knowing smiles. If you fly much, you see these things and learn to act calmly about them. However, we did not remain calm for long.
Minutes after we were in the air, our plane began falling quickly. The pilot soon made a serious announcement. “We are having some difficulties,” he said. “Our indicators show that the control system has failed. We will be returning to the Orlando Airport. The flight attendants will prepare you for a bumpy landing. Also, if you look out of the windows, you will see that we are dumping fuel from the airplane. We want to have as little on board as possible in the event of a rough touchdown.” In other words, we were about to crash. Many travellers looked visibly frightened now. No one faces death without fear, I thought.
Then a couple of rows to my left, I heard a still calm voice, a woman’s voice, speaking in an absolutely normal conversational tone. I had to find the source of this voice. All around, people cried. Many screamed. Finally, I saw her. In this chaos, a mother was talking to her child. The woman, in her mid-30s, was staring full into the face of her daughter, who looked to be four years old. The child listened closely, sensing the importance of her mother’s words. The mother’s gaze held the child so fixed that she seemed untouched by the sounds of grief and fear around her.
Finally, I leaned over and by some miracle could hear this soft sure voice with the tone of comfort. Over and over again, the mother said, “I love you so much. Remember, no matter what happens, I love you always.” Fortunately, our landing gear held at last and our touchdown was not a tragedy.
However, the voice I heard that day never faded. That mom showed me what a real hero looks like.
1. What does the author imply by saying “some travellers’ knowing smiles” in Paragraph 2?| A．They were used to this kind of experience. |
| B．They were quite familiar with each other. |
| C．They were well-educated passengers. |
| D．They were pretending to be calm. |
| A．The plane met bad weather and had to return immediately. |
| B．The flight indicators showed the plane’s control system failed. |
| C．One of the passengers was badly ill and the plane had to turn back. |
| D．A flight attendant explained flight safety instructions to the passengers. |
| A．They asked for help. |
| B．They remained calm. |
| C．They cried and screamed. |
| D．They rejected the bumpy landing. |
| A．The shape of love. |
| B．The voice of courage. |
| C．The wisdom of a pilot. |
| D．The danger of a journey. |
