There is evidence that just counting money can produce valuable psychological benefits. According to a new study published in the journal Psychological Science, thumbing through your cash can reduce emotional and physical pain as well as increase feelings of internal strength, fearlessness and confidence. The study also finds that when people are reminded of their recent spending, they report higher levels of both psychological and physical distress.
Focusing on the symbolic power of money, researchers started with a simple hypothesis (假设): reminders of money can alter how people experience social interactions — especially so-cial acceptance and rejection.
To test the idea, the researchers took the following approach: 84 students at a Chinese university were divided into two groups. One group counted 80 large-denomination bills: the other group parceled out 80 pieces of plain paper. All participants then played an online video game in which, using game controls, they could throw a ball and play catch with other Internet players. But the game was rigged so that after 10 throws, half the students would no longer get the ball thrown to them, while the rest of the students continued to play catch. When the game ended, participants who had been excluded from the second round of catch rated their level of social distress and how strong they felt. Those who had counted money before being socially excluded reported lower levels of social distress than those who had counted only paper. Additionally, the participants who had counted money also reported greater feelings of inner strength and self-sufficiency.
To see if counting money also reduces physical pain, the researchers repeated the earlier social-exclusion (社会排斥) test, but this time they replaced the ball game with a pain-sensitivity task, in which half the participants were put in a moderate-pain condition(their hands were put in warm water), while the other half were subjected to a high-pain condition (hands were put in very hot water). Again, those who had counted money reported lower levels of pain.
1. According to the text, which of the following behaviors can bring psychological benefits?| A．Throwing coins. | B．Making money. |
| C．Counting money. | D．Checking the bank account. |
| A．Those who counted 80 large-denomination bills. |
| B．Those who counted 80 pieces of plain paper. |
| C．Those whose hands were put in warm water. |
| D．Those whose hands were put in very hot water. |
| A．Playing ball games. | B．Counting plain paper. |
| C．Putting hands in water. | D．Thinking of recent spending. |
| A．A travel guide. | B．A story book. |
| C．A science journal. | D．A fashion magazine. |
相似题推荐
Now suppose you set the clock ahead one hour. This person still does everything at the same time — but this time, when he steps out at 8:00 there’s still plenty of light to enjoy. An hour of daylight has been “saved” for him!
Daylight saving time doesn’t, of course, add any hours to a day. This is impossible. All it does is to increase the number of useful hours of daylight during the seasons when the sun rises early.
Daylight saving is most popular in cities. It allows the closing of offices, shops, and factories at the end of the working day while the sun is still high. Farmers, who do their work by sun time, usually do not observe daylight saving time. They cannot work in the field before the morning dew(露水) has dried or after it appears in the evening.
Did you know who first thought of daylight saving time? It was Benjamin Franklin! When he was living in France in the 18th century, he suggested the idea to the people in Paris. But it was not adopted then.
Daylight saving laws were first passed during World WarⅠ, when materials for making electricity was hard to find, and when it was necessary to save on artificial light. With daylight saving, the bedtime of many people comes soon after it gets dark, while without it, if people stay up until the same hour they may have to use artificial light.
Germany was the first country to adopt daylight saving time in 1915. Then England used it in 1916, and the United States adopted it in 1918.
1. What does the underlined word “artificial” mean?
| A．natural | B．man-made |
| C．bright | D．sun |
| A．To have more artificial light. |
| B．To have one more hour to work. |
| C．To make better use of daylight in certain seasons. |
| D．To have one more hour to rest. |
| A．Once the idea of daylight saving time is proposed, it was adopted. |
| B．The idea of daylight saving time went through a long process of being adopted. |
| C．It was a French scientist that put forward the idea of daylight saving time. |
| D．The idea of daylight saving time didn’t make any difference at all. |
| A．Winter is a good season for daylight saving time. |
| B．Daylight saving time is especially good for wars. |
| C．Daylight saving time is good for anyone in any places. |
| D．Not all seasons are good for daylight saving time. |
【推荐2】Whether you’re the life of the party, a bookworm or a night owl, your personality plays a surprisingly large role in your ability to slim down. Ten examples are listed as follows.
1. If you’re reliable…
Always on time? Follow rules by the book? It means you’re a careful person who can stick with an eating or fitness plan. However, maybe just that merit forces you to think about food all the time, which can work against you.
2. If you’re often hard on yourself...
People who are hard on themselves have a huge negative reaction every time they make a mistake. Those who can forgive themselves simply move on and vow not to make the same mistake again. If you’re hard on yourself, you’re more likely to continue overeating after you do something wrong, since realizing you’ve overeaten leads to feelings of hopelessness.
3. If you’re a night owl…
Staying up late also has a negative effect on your figure. Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found that people who were kept up until 4 a.m. ate 550 additional calories during their late night hours. What’s more, a higher percentage of the late-night calories came from high-fat foods than they did during daytime hours.
4. If you’re an early bird…
In an Australian study participants who woke up early were less likely to be overweight than night owls—even though both groups slept the same number of hours. Although this study involved young children, the results are likely applicable to adults as well, says Allen Towfigh, M D, a sleep specialist. He recommends adults strive for seven to nine hours of sleep per night.
5. If you’re self-centered…
Being a little stuck on yourself may not be such a bad thing when trying to lose weight. Self-centered people tend to consider their own interests, which could lead them to better conserve their energy and have more willpower to make healthy choices.
1. What’s the passage mainly about?| A．The most effective ways to lose weight. |
| B．Life styles influence people’s personality a lot. |
| C．The earlier you get up, the slimmer you may become. |
| D．The relationship between people’s personality and weight. |
| A．Reliable people always follow rules. |
| B．People tend to eat more when staying up late. |
| C．Night owls tend to be less overweight than early birds. |
| D．People are easy to overeat if they are hard on themselves. |
| A．If you are reliable |
| B．If you are a night owl |
| C．If you are hard on yourself |
| D．If you are self-centered |
| A．Analysis of other personalities. |
| B．Ways to improve your personality. |
| C．Suggestions for you to lose weight. |
| D．Choices self-centered people may make. |
【推荐3】Working out can help teenagers boost their grades, a new study suggests. Adolescents who routinely engaged in moderate to vigorous (剧烈的) exercise showed long-term improvements in their academic performance, the British Journal of Sports Medicine study reported.
“Our study suggests that the effect of physical activity may be quite large,” John Reilly, a professor at the University of Strathclyde said. The researchers looked at a sample of about 5000 children who were involved in a long-term study that tracks children born in the U.K. between 1991 and 1992. When children reached 11 years old, their daily physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer (加速器) for three to seven days. The device, similar to a pedometer (计步器) tracking the number of steps taken, recorded the average time children exercised, which was 29 minutes a day for boys and 18 for girls.
“The actual levels of daily physical activity at age 11 were quite low,” Mr. Reilly noted. The children had their academic performance tested at ages 11 and 13 with compulsory national tests for students, and also at 15 or 16 with the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exam. The tests assessed the children’s abilities in English, math and science subjects. The results showed that the more children participated in moderate to vigorous physical activity, the higher their test scores were at age 11 in all three subjects. For girls, science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.
When children were tested again at age 13, their academic scores were still linked to how much they had exercised when they were 11 years old. By the time the youngsters took the GCSE exam, each 17-minute-per-day increase in physical activity for the boys was linked to an improvement in their scores. Every additional 12-minute increase a day in exercise for the girls was also linked to an increased score, especially in the science category.
The researchers have called for more studies to look at the possible academic benefits that could be derived if students exercised the recommended 60 minutes or more a day.
1. What’s the study about?| A．The influence of exercise on students’ scores. |
| B．The secrets of students’ ranking high in class. |
| C．The causes of students’ participating in sports. |
| D．The ways of improving students’ physical conditions. |
| A．To record how long students exercise. |
| B．To record the walking speed of students. |
| C．To record how many steps students walk. |
| D．To record the number of calories students consume. |
| A．Students at age 11 do more exercise than at other ages. |
| B．Boys at age 13 get more benefits by doing more exercise. |
| C．Girls’ science scores are more closely related to exercise. |
| D．More and more students do exercise to improve their scores. |
| A．Maintained. | B．Obtained. |
| C．Concluded. | D．Reduced. |
| A．In a storybook. | B．In a fashion magazine. |
| C．In an exercise guide. | D．In a research report. |
Researchers found the average Briton tells on average four lies every day or almost 1500 every year. Almost one in six men admitted they were most likely to lie to their wife or girlfriend, on average at least twice a day. The most popular lie was saying you had no mobile phone signal, with one in four people admitting regularly using the little white lie. It usually came after they hit the “ignore" button when their mobile rang.
Three quarters of people think women are better liars. The research found 46 per cent of girls have been caught lying, compared to 58 of men.
The second most common fib is “I haven't got any cash on me” when asked for money by beggars and Big Issue sellers. “Nothing's wrong – I'm fine” came third followed by “You look lovely” and “Nice to see you”.
Modern technology turned out to have contributed to many lies with “I didn't get your text” in 18th, “Our server was down” in 20th and “My battery died” in 26th place. Other lies to make the top ten included “I'll give you a ring”, “We're just good friends” and “We'll have to meet up soon”. “I'm on my way” and “No, your bum doesn't look big in that” completed the top ten.
In many cases perhaps it is better to delight someone with a fib than destroy someone with the truth, according to a spokesman for OnePoll, which carried out the research of 4,300 adults. He added: ‘As a nation we just like trying to be nice and not upsetting people. Often little white lies can cover what we actually want to say. Most of these were considered completely harmless. ’
1. “You look lovely” and “Sorry, I had no signal” ranked __________ on the popular-lie list.
| A．fourth and tenth | B．fourth and first |
| C．third and tenth | D．third and first |
| A．sentence | B．expression | C．excuse | D．lie |
| A．About 120 | B．About 360 |
| C．About 1,500 | D．About 4 |
| A．Because truth will destroy others. |
| B．Because British people are very considerate. |
| C．Because it’s easier for others to understand lies. |
| D．Because lies were harmless. |
【推荐2】The human body is designed to move. But modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely give us the chance to move around. As we know, we’re while we’re eating; we sit in the car and we sit while we watch TV. And many of us sit for many hours at work.
New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Peter Smith, a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States, says that sitting is ubiquitous in our lives, meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere.
However, Mr. Smith says that does not mean you can sit for the rest of your waking hours. He also says you may exercise often, “We can’t throw away physical activity. It’s extremely important. We have 60 years of research showing us that.”
Mr. Smith and his colleagues are part of a new generation of researchers studying how sitting all day affects length of life. “Studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and mortality(死亡率)or television viewing and mortality are very rare. There’s only been a few of them, actually five or six now, in the last four or five years.” They found that cutting television time to less than two hours a day could add one－point four years to life.
Luckily, change is already coming to some offices, especially in the design of desks. A “standing desk” lets people stand while they work. Another new design is called the “treadmill desk”. A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place. Even some U.S. schools are beginning to experiment with desks that are part bicycle to keep children moving. That’s one of the strategies that many companies are using now.
Mr. Smith also says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in their own lives.
1. The underlined word “ubiquitous” is closest in meaning to________．| A．dangerous | B．awkward |
| C．comfortable | D．common |
| A．Sitting too long may help increase one’s life. |
| B．Exercise is important and don't sit too long. |
| C．Watching TV is bad, but can broaden one’s horizons. |
| D．Stopping watching TV is a necessary but hard task. |
| A．It’s a relatively new area of study. |
| B．It’s a hot subject studied by experts. |
| C．It’s a study that begins too late. |
| D．It’s not ignored by many experts. |
| A．To give them more comfort. |
| B．To improve their work efficiency. |
| C．To offer them the chance to exercise. |
| D．To seek pleasure while working. |
【推荐3】What would you think is the most plentiful man-made material on earth? Steel, plastic, glass? The answer is concrete.
And while it’s an incredibly useful material existing everywhere, the energy intensive process of making concrete releases massive amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, and its main component, which is a mixture of rocks, sand, water and most importantly, cement (水泥) to glue it altogether, is responsible for 7 percent of global CO2 emissions, leaving a huge carbon footprint. But without cement, concrete doesn’t hold up skyscrapers.
What if there was a way that instead of releasing carbon dioxide, concrete could trap it forever? Carbon Cure is kind of the brains of the technology. This innovation puts carbon dioxide into the concrete as it’s being mixed. When the concrete hardens, those otherwise harmful emissions are trapped forever, before they even reach our atmosphere. Christie Gamble, part of the team behind Carbon Cure’s technology, explained ,“ We actually transform the CO2 into a mineral, and the real selling point is that the mineral itself improves the compressive (压缩的) strength for the concrete, which means producers like Thomas Concrete can use less cement in their mixtures and still achieve the same strength with fewer emissions.
Compression tests prove that the concrete made with Carbon Cure is just as hardy as the traditional stuff. If we can reduce 5 percent of the carbon footprint of the concrete industry, that’s a significant change from where we’re right now. Ultimately, if this technology was employed across the globe, we could reduce about 700 megatons of CO2 every year, which is the same as taking 150 million cars off the road every year.
It’s going to change the way the concrete industry does things. Though companies pay to use Carbon Cure and buy CO2 from a factory, they save money by using less of their most expensive cement.
1. What’s the main focus on concrete in paragraph 2?| A．Its makeup. | B．Its serious air pollution. |
| C．Its daily use. | D．Its producing process. |
| A．By adding a new mineral to CO2. | B．By hardening the concrete more quickly. |
| C．By improving the quality of the cement. | D．By trapping carbon dioxide in the concrete. |
| A．By making comparisons. | B．By giving examples. |
| C．By analyzing cause and effect. | D．By providing evidence. |
| A．To present a problem. | B．To explain a process. |
| C．To advocate an action. | D．To introduce a solution. |
【推荐1】Do you want to look fashionable? Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.
People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that create blisters, tight body shapers that limit blood flow, and sticky false eyelashes（假睫毛）. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color and use hot irons and blow dryers to curl or straighten their hair. Some people spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion important enough to spend so much time and effort on changing how they look like?
If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should prioritize（优先考虑）being healthy and positive. What people wear does not indicate anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a suit, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together. Instead of going on strict diets and starving, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person.
1. Why does the author ask questions in the first paragraph?| A．To enrich the content. | B．To introduce the topic. |
| C．To reflect different attitudes. | D．To make readers think and give their opinions. |
| A．Fashion can make people do some unhealthy things. |
| B．Fashion increases famous people’s self-respect. |
| C．When you look good, you feel good. |
| D．People need to diet to lose weight. |
| A．Shopping for fashionable clothes. | B．Going on a strict diet with a friend. |
| C．Going skating with friends. | D．Changing the hairstyle every week. |
| A．show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting |
| B．persuade readers to value health more than fashion |
| C．tell readers ways to become fashionable |
| D．inform readers of the latest fashion trends |
【推荐2】Have you always dreamed of working with animals? Come and spend a day at the RSPCA and discover just what's involved behind the scenes when working in animal welfare. Gain an insight into a day in the life of an animal attendant, vet, vet nurse or an inspector and learn practical skills so you know what to do if your pet needs help. Your day will include:
Learning skills needed to work in a vet clinic，including the art of suturing (缝合) and veterinary tests.
* Viewing live surgery in the working operating theatre.
* Assisting with the preventative health care of our animals.
* Discovering the various career pathways that can help you reach your goals, including working closely with a vet and a vet nurse who will gladly discuss their roles and share their expertise with you.
* Going behind the scenes of one of the busiest vet clinic in Victoria.
* Please read our program information before making your booking.
Program information
Time: Fri 14th July; 9: 30 am-3: 00 pm
Place: RSPCA Education Centre, Burwood East
Age: 15-18
Clothing requirements: Long pants ( no skirts or shorts) and sturdy (结实) enclosed shoes such as boots or gumboots
Program costs: $ 109
Enquires: 03 9224 2286 Education department
All attendees receive a certificate of attendance.
Bookings are non-refundable and numbers are limited.
All programs will start at 9: 30 am and finish at 3: 00 pm sharp. Doors open 10 minutes prior to start/finish time.
Please provide your child with morning tea and a packed lunch ( that does not require heating or cooking). Please note: We try hard to be a nut-free environment.
1. Which of the following can you do at the RSPCA?| A．Discover the secret of animal welfare. | B．Learn the art of pleasing animals. |
| C．Perform live surgery on animals. | D．Help with animals' health care. |
| A．You can get no refund after booking it. |
| B．Attendees should arrive before 9 am. |
| C．Attendees will be offered free lunch. |
| D．No advance booking is necessary. |
| A．To show what the RSPCA is like. |
| B．To introduce a vet program to teenagers. |
| C．To give advice on how to take care of animals. |
| D．To explain how to join in a program at the RSPCA. |
【推荐3】In a faraway area in northern Mexico, there lives a native Indian group called the Tarahumaras (塔拉乌马拉族). Besides owning some cooking tools and farming equipment, the Tarahumaras exist much as they did before the Spanish arrived in the 1600s. They live in caves or in small houses made of stone and wood, and they eat what little they can grow on the dry land.
Ten years ago, linguist (语言学家) James Copeland entered the world of the Tarahumaras to study their language and culture. Since then, he has been visiting the Tarahumaras three or four times a year. Tarahumara is not a written language, so part of Copeland's project was to learn to speak Tarahumara so that he could deal directly with the people. “There are no language police,” Copeland says. “Children are seldom corrected by their parents. They learn by observation of speech in conversations and by imitation.”
Copeland learned the language through his frequent exposure to it and by analyzing the grammar. His linguistic skills and mastery of German, Spanish, French, and Russian, plus a partial knowledge of some twenty other languages, also helped. Drawing on his research, Copeland plans to produce a Tarahumara grammar book in English and perhaps one in Spanish.
The idea to study the Tarahumaras came to Copeland in 1984 when he discovered that very little research had been done on their language. He got in touch with a Tarahumara Indian called Lornezo Gonzalez through a social worker who worked with the Tarahumaras in the border town of Juarez, Mexico. At first, Gonzalez was very reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help and took Copeland to his village. “Over a period of a year our relationship became closer and warmer,” says Copeland. “Thanks to him, the Tarahumaras started trusting us and understood what we were doing.”
1. What can we learn about the Tarahumaras?| A．They have a strict education system. |
| B．They live a very simple and hard life. |
| C．They arrived in Mexico with the Spanish. |
| D．They are good at agriculture and architecture. |
| A．is no easy task | B．is a waste of time |
| C．is very interesting | D．is useful for learning Spanish |
| A．fully researched this language |
| B．read a Tarahumara grammar book |
| C．visited the Tarahumaras three times |
| D．asked a Tarahumara Indian for help |
| A．ready | B．anxious |
| C．pleased | D．unwilling |
Dayrider
Travel as much as you like in one day.
With Stagecoach Dayrider bus tickets you can make as many journeys as you like for one day. They offer more value for money than buying a single or return, as you can travel on all Stagecoach buses within your chosen ticket zone. Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus. with contactless payments now available on all our buses, you don't need to worry about finding the correct change
Bus and Boat
Unlimited bus travel for one car in the selected zone, plus a boat ride
Explore the countryside on bus and then enjoy the fine mountain views from the comfort of a boat deck. You can board one of our many boats or steamers located at four of the districts most outstanding lakes. Stagecoach have combined bus boat tickets which are available for Coniston, Detwent Water, Ullswater and Windermere
Sightseeing Tickets
Never get lost and don't miss a thing.
Hop-on and hop-off all day as much as you like at any of the bus stops on the route and see all the best sights and attractions your chosen town or city has to offer. You'll also learn lots of history along the way from one of our expert guides
Student Tickets
Flexible student bus tickets
Are you a student and getting ready for the new term? You can travel for a lot less with Stagecoach's student bus tickets. You'll need a current student ID card with a photo to buy a Stagecoach student ticket. The name on your ID card will need to match the name on your ticket.
1. What is true about the “Dayrider” ticket?
| A．You need the correct change to buy it. |
| B．You can use it to travel anywhere in the city. |
| C．It can be purchased with your mobile phone. |
| D．It can be used with any bus company. |
| A．Dayrider. | B．Bus and Boat. |
| C．Sightseeing. | D．Student tickets. |
| A．A photo of yourself. | B．Your name. |
| C．The bus app. | D．Valid student ID. |
【推荐2】An author who surveyed 600 millionaires has claimed that she found the secrets of getting rich. Sarah Stanley Fallaw, the author of The Next Millionaire Next Door: Enduring Strategies for Building Wealth, got her findings after she surveyed American millionaires in 2015 and 2016. The book is a follow-up to her father’s research in the 1998 bestseller The Millionaire Next Door, which Thomas J. Stanley wrote with William D. Danko.
Stanley Fallaw argues that resilience（抗逆力）in the face of refusal and strict goal setting are important to building wealth. “To build wealth, to build one’s own business, to ignore critics and media and neighbors, you must have the ambition to keep pursuing your goals past refusal and pain,” wrote Stanley Fallaw in the new book, according to Business Insider. She added, “Millionaires and other economically successful Americans who decide to climb the corporate ladder（企业晋升制度）, or struggle to create a financial independence lifestyle early do so by pushing on without stop.”
Stanley Fallaw stresses the importance of setting goals and sticking to them, especially for budgeting. She says that living modestly even as your income grows will allow you to devote a greater percentage of your income towards savings and building wealth. “Most millionaires we interviewed stressed the great freedom that comes from spending below their means,” Stanley Fallaw writes.
The author says that the temptation（诱惑）to keep up with the spending habits of the people around can be highly harmful to building wealth. Particularly in the age of social media, when lavish（浪费的）vacations and new purchases are broadcast for the world to see, the perseverance（坚持）to live thriftily（节俭地）is important, Stanley Fallaw argues.
1. What was Sarah Stanley Fallaw’s book based on?| A．Her own life experiences. |
| B．Surveys on the American millionaires. |
| C．Her father’s book The Millionaire Next Door. |
| D．Her father’s partner William D. Danko’s advice. |
| A．Listening to others’ critics. | B．Persevering through failure. |
| C．Sticking to your goals. | D．Living a thrift life. |
| A．To live thriftily. |
| B．To follow others’ spending habits. |
| C．To avoid the temptation of new purchases. |
| D．To keep away from lavish vacations. |
| A．What People Should Read | B．Why We Need Strict Goals |
| C．How Millionaires Get Rich | D．When People Will Become Millionaires |
【推荐3】You can’t see your sleeping pet’s brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change in her breathing, Her eyes move under her closed lids, her paws twitch (抽动) and she flicks (轻拂) an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis (麻痹)”.
Michel Jouvet, a French scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and arched (成弓形) their backs at unseen enemies. He figured he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, catching, and fighting.
In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫). One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, how often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.
1. What does Michel Jouvet find in his study?| A．The dreaming cats are practising their important skills. |
| B．The dreaming cats are in a state of body paralysis. |
| C．The eyes of dreaming cats move while bodies are still. |
| D．The dreaming cats suddenly wake up and run for the ball. |
| A．Dreaming a lot can help humans learn more. |
| B．Learning mazes is the basic skill for cats to learn. |
| C．Fighting and escaping are not important skills for ancestors. |
| D．Rats also dream to work out their recent learning. |
| A．Dogs. | B．Rats. |
| C．Cows. | D．Elephants. |
| A．By making comparisons. | B．By using figures. |
| C．By telling stories. | D．By showing facts. |
