The northernmost part of Earth is warming two to three times faster than the rest of the planet. The melting (融化的) ice has cleared space through the historically dangerous Northwest Passage. This means the melting sea ice is opening new routes for shipping.
Donna Hauser is a marine biologist with the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Hauser says she was interested in studying the possible threat (威胁) to Arctic marine mammals from shipping.
Hauser says her hope was to protect both these animals and the people who depend on them. “All of these species (物种) are really important for local communities throughout the Arctic as well as in Alaska.”
Hauser and other researchers looked at seven Arctic species. They limited their study to the month of September. This is when sea ice is at its lowest point and most ships pass through Arctic waters. The study found that narwhals and other whales were most at risk to ship traffic during the late summer. Polar bears were the least at risk, with walruses and seals in between.
The noise of ice-breaking boats and other ships is extremely unsettling to marine mammals, notes Kristin Laidre of the Polar Ice Center. “That underwater noise is a disturbance for marine mammals, especially different whale species that rely on sound to do everything.”
This is the first study to compare effects of increased ship traffic on major Arctic marine mammal species, and identify which animals might be most in need of protection. “We’re no longer in an Arctic state that was experienced by British Captain Sir John Franklin in 1845 or some of those early Western explorers,” noted Hauser.
In order to help protect marine animals, the researchers suggest requiring ships to move at slower speeds to reduce the chance of striking. They also suggest a limit on the amount of noise ships can make.
Kristin Laidre says that it is unrealistic to try and stop people from using Arctic passageways. However, by understanding which animals are at risk, researchers can help plan for the future.
1. What’s happened to the Northwest Passage?A.It’s lost its attractiveness. |
B.It’s become safer for ships. |
C.It’s been blocked by thick ice. |
D.It’s been destroyed by ship traffic. |
A.Seals. | B.Polar bears. | C.Whales. | D.Walruses. |
A.To tell the bad effects of increased ship traffic on Arctic marine species. |
B.To require ships not to move through the Northwest Passage. |
C.To say the significance of the voyage of Sir John Franklin. |
D.To call on people to take steps to protect animals. |
A.Climate Change in the Arctic |
B.Arctic Animals Need Better Protection |
C.Studies on Sea Animals in the Arctic |
D.Animals Are at Risk From Increased Arctic Shipping |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】“The Life of Pi” is about a teenage boy from India, called Pi, who travels across the Pacific Ocean in a lifeboat. His companion (同伴) in the lifeboat is an enormous tiger. It was written by the Canadian author Yann Martel, and has sold seven million copies worldwide.
At the start of the book, we learn about Pi's childhood in India. His father is a zookeeper and the family live in a house in the zoo. Pi and his brother help their father in the zoo and learn to look after the animals. When Pi is sixteen, his family decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They sell some of the animals to zoos in North America and the family take the animals with them on a ship to Canada. On the way, there is a terrible storm and the ship sinks. Sadly, Pi's family and the ship's sailors die in the storm. Pi finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and a tiger. When he sees the animals, Pi is scared and he jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the ocean and he climbs back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is some food and water on the lifeboat, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the fish to the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and his knowledge of animals from the zoo to control the tiger.
Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and are burnt by the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Sometimes, Pi is happy and hopeful, but sometimes he feels sad and lonely. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to read the book to find out what happens in the end!
1. What is the purpose of the text?A.To tell us a story. | B.To introduce a book. |
C.To make an advertisement. | D.To introduce a film. |
A.They don't want to leave them in India. |
B.They want to make them a home on the ship. |
C.They don't want to sell the animals to others. |
D.They take them along to their new owner. |
A.They meet a storm and only Pi survives. |
B.The tiger kills Pi's family and the sailors. |
C.Pi finds a lifeboat and saves all the animals. |
D.Pi lives peacefully with the animals. |
A.Kind, honest and helpful. | B.Weak, selfish and careless. |
C.Playful, naughty and energetic. | D.Clever, brave and strong minded. |
【推荐2】My husband and I had just opened up a pet sitting business earlier that year. Our customers had slowly risen from three to thirty a month. We were busy through those hot summer months, driving between visits. Our work was strictly done at the pet owner’s home. It was almost too busy for the two of us, but we were making good money!
We asked pet owners new to our business to phone two weeks ahead so we had enough time to meet the owners and pets at their homes and make any following meetings before the owner leaves.
One day, we decided to take on a new customer just two days before they would leave. We met the family, filled in a form, and spent some time with their dog, Hercules. He playfully jumped on us and touched our hands and arms using his tongue. The family laughed as he did this, showing us that he was very loving.
Two days later I appeared at the house, alone. I came up to Hercules and said hello happily. I filled up his water bowl and cleaned any messes he made. Meanwhile, he was so lovely sitting beside. I thought this would be the good picture to send to the owners as usual. After the light and “click” sound went off, Hercules rushed at me. I didn’t know what had just happened until I noticed the drops of blood. I ran out and did the only thing — calling my husband.
Then I went to neighbors for help. My husband arrived after ten minutes. The helpful neighbor and my husband led Hercules back into his pen (圈). Then my husband and I took off to the hospital.
I must have looked like I was shot when I walked into the hospital. The nurses quickly moved me to a room. I asked the doctor in a weak but playful manner, “Am I going to die?” he replied, “Finally.”
1. According to the text, the author’s work was _________ .A.tiring and dangerous | B.easy and free |
C.well paid | D.done outdoors |
A.Cleaning the customers’ house. |
B.Walking the pets outside. |
C.Bringing the pets to her own house. |
D.Sending a photo of pets to the owners. |
A.Hercules feared the sound and the flash |
B.the author attacked Hercules first |
C.Hercules was very hungry then |
D.the author treated Hercules badly |
A.anger | B.humor |
C.carelessness | D.patience |
【推荐3】Most pet owners are clear about the immediate joys that come with sharing their lives with companion animals. However, many of us remain unaware of the physical and mental health benefits that a furry friend can bring us.
Increasing exercise. Taking a dog for a walk, hike or run is a fun and rewarding way to fit healthy daily exercise into your schedule. Studies have shown that dog owners are far more likely to meet their daily exercise requirements, and exercising every day is great for the animal as well.
Providing companionship. Companionship can help prevent illness and even add years to your life, while isolation and loneliness can trigger symptoms of depression.
Adding structure and routine to your day.
A.Reducing anxiety. |
B.Finding meaning in life. |
C.Pets provide valuable companionship for older adults. |
D.Caring for an animal makes you feel needed and wanted, especially if you live alone. |
E.In fact, caring for a pet helps us make many healthy lifestyle changes. |
F.It will deepen your bond and keep your pet fit and healthy. |
G.Many pets, especially dogs, require a regular feeding and exercise schedule. |
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It is a bright morning in the Ethiopian countryside. Yohannes walks beside a pair of donkeys that are pulling a two-wheeled cart. They arrive at the agricultural town of Awassa where Yohannes opens the sides of the cart to display, not the usual vegetables or tools, but children’s books. This is the Donkey Mobile Library, the first of its kind in Ethiopia and one of only a few in the world.
Yohannes was born in Ethiopia, North Africa, but trained to be a librarian in the USA and returned to Ethiopia years ago. The cart is full of picture books donated by American libraries, teachers and school children.
Yohannes arranges small painted benches in the shade of the trees, and suddenly Ethiopian children come shouting and racing down every road and path. It’s mobile library day! They circle the bookshelves with great excitement. Until the Donkey Mobile Library began its regular two-monthly visits, many of these children had never seen a book.
“Without books, education is very dull, like food without salt. You can survive but you can’t really come alive,” says Yohannes. “The ability to read is the basis for greater productivity, better health and longer life. Even though the children lack material goods, with books they can imagine a world of possibilities.”
Yohannes first worked in the children’s section of the main library in America. Surrounded by books he had never seen before, he realized how joyful and imaginative children’s literature is. He says, “I always thought of Ethiopia. But how could I bring children’s books to my home country when it had almost no libraries to keep the books in?”
He contacted Jane Kurtz, a writer born in America but brought up in Ethiopia, and together they created the Donkey Mobile Library. The children say that the Library has given them ideas about what they might do in the future. A child called Dareje wants to be a scientist and find a cure for life-threatening diseases. An eleven year-old girl, Fikerte, wants to do research about the moon and discover new facts about outer space. Tamrat, aged 10, comes every time.
“What brings you back here time and time again?” the librarian asks him.
“The stories,” Tamrat replies instantly.
1. How do the children feel when they see the Donkey Mobile Library?
A.Curious. | B.Surprised. | C.Interested. | D.Excited. |
A.Ethiopian children have no idea about their future |
B.Yohannes and Kurtz share similar life experiences |
C.donkey carts in Awassa usually carry vegetables and tools |
D.most books in the Donkey Mobile Library were bought in America |
A.visits the countryside every day | B.benefits Ethiopian children a lot |
C.was created by Yohannes himself | D.was the first of its kind in the world |
A.A news report. | B.A book review. | C.A historical story. | D.An advertisement. |
【推荐2】In the middle of the Pacific Ocean lies a tiny, remote island whose most famous residents stand guard along the edges of the rocky land. These legendary islanders are actually massive stone statues called moai. There are more than 800 of them on Easter Island.
Carved by the Rapa Nui people, the sculptures—known for their oversized heads—represent Rapa Nui ancestors, and they are considered sacred by descendants of the ancient civilization who still live on the island today.
However, a few of the moai are missing from their native home. One statue has been on display at the British Museum in London, England, for about 150 years and is one of the institution’s most popular exhibits.
But that may not be the case for much longer. Rapa Nui leaders recently announced that they want the statue back. Their request is not unique. A great many museums around the world are facing similar pressure to return historical objects to their homelands.
The issue has raised a debate: Do ancient artifacts belong in the places they came from or should they be displayed in popular museums where millions of people can appreciate them?
Last year, France’s President Emmanuel Macron called for thousands of artworks in French museums to be returned to the countries in Africa from which they were taken without permission.
But many experts believe certain artifacts should remain in museums, which are more accessible for people. That’s one reason officials at the British Museum believe they should keep Hoa Hakananai’a, saying roughly 6 million people visit the British Museum annually—many to see the moai Meanwhile, only about 100,000 people tour the remote stretch of land each year.
Many experts also say that fragile ancient treasures are safer in museums. On Easter Island, for example, several of the moai are worsening because of centuries of rain and winds or harmed by tourists who touch them while taking selfies.
Still, most present-day Rapa Nui people believe Hoa Hakananai’a was stolen. To them, the statue is an important part of the is land’s history that should be returned.
1. According to the passage, moai are________.A.They are guards to protect the island. |
B.They represent leaders on Easter Island. |
C.They trace history back to 150 years ago. |
D.They connect Rapa Nui and their ancestors. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Supportive. | C.Neutral | D.Opposed. |
A.Ancient artifacts should be returned to their countries of origin. |
B.Hoa Hakananai’a was not stolen but discovered by explorers. |
C.Museums offer most people the chance to see famous artworks in person. |
D.The oversized heads of Hoa Hakananai’a are the symbol of the civilization. |
A.Stone statues like moai can be restored better indoors. |
B.Hoa Hakananai’a is the best exhibit at the British Museum. |
C.Tourists are to blame for the damage of all ancient treasures. |
D.The return of ancient artworks is being requested globally. |
【推荐3】CARMEL VALLEY - You don’t necessarily have to be older to be a Good Samaritan. Take Carmel Valley resident, Daniella Marie Benitez, 14, who is not your average teen. Daniella is helping Tijuana families have roofs over their heads — one family at a time.
It began in 2017 while she was volunteering for Build A Miracle and building a home for a family in need in Tijuana, Mexico. Daniella found it so fulfilling that she took the lead in building another home with the support of her family and friends.
To date, she has raised $32,000 for her cause and recently headed to Tijuana to begin building her team’s second home.
“It has been an unbelievable experience,” Daniella, a freshman at Cathedral Catholic High School in San Diego, said. She learned about Build A Miracle through her previous school, Notre Dame Academy. It is a nonprofit organization that takes a family in need from a shack (棚屋) to a new home with electricity, bedrooms, kitchen and a bathroom. It has built more than 350 homes since 1999.
During this most recent trip to Tijuana, Daniella and her team poured the foundation (基金) for the second new home. Additionally, she used her other volunteering position as a member of KIDBOX’s Kids board of directors to help distribute $10,000 worth of brand new KIDBOX clothing to her BAM community’s kids.
Between BAM and KIDBOX, the busy teen said she would continue to volunteer both locally and in Mexico to “stay humble.” She isn’t about to stop helping others; in fact, it’s something she treasures. “I’ve been working with BAM for about a year and a half. I got involved at the end of seventh grade when my previous school sponsored the building of a school sponsored home; my mom forced my family and me to go down to TJ to actually help build the house,” she said. “Meeting the family and seeing their delight and relief when they walked into their new home was priceless and is what inspired me to keep doing this.”
1. What made Daniella stand out among teens?A.Her constant efforts to help those less fortunate. |
B.The building of a school sponsored home. |
C.Her attempt to raise a fund for her cause. |
D.The organizing of Build A Miracle. |
A.She encouraged KIDBOX to collect money for BAM. |
B.She promoted a donation to BAM from KIDBOX. |
C.She held leading positions in both organizations. |
D.She built a platform for them to communicate. |
A.The support from her parents. | B.Carmel Valley’s traditional values. |
C.Tijuana families’ happy reactions. | D.The influence from her previous school. |