【推荐1】Nowadays, taking no notice of protecting the environment leads to problems including global warming. While discussing with my daughter about going green, I remembered the daily practices in most households in India. What we did was actually helping our environment and also protecting our resources. We did all this naturally, without even realizing its importance.

We preferred reusing pens in the past. We used to have ball pens used again and again by changing the refills and we also used ink pens, which were refreshed now and then by filling ink in them when required. There was no such thing as a use-and-throw pen. We loved the process of cleaning the writing instruments. However, today, plastic pens that do not last long are ruling the stationery（文具）shops.

We recycled and reused newspapers without really thinking twice about it. Newspapers were kept carefully during those days because they were an important material used for packing and storing. Today plastic bags have become important, All these materials pollute our land and water and prevent all conservation(保护)efforts.

Public transport was a common thing in the old days and it was so much fun. Nowadays.no one seems to have the patience to take public transport and many consider it too silly for them. So people take their cars out every day and pollute the environment, thinking it makes the m look cool. Vehicular (车辆的) pollution in cities is the biggest contributor to environmental problems.

I am not against the usage of modern technologies. In fact, it has helped make our life casier. While we can use the same technology to go green instead of polluting the environment, we should also go back to a few old traditions that are ecofriendly.

1. How many daily practices are mentioned in the text?

A．One.

B．Two.

C．Three.

D．Four.

2. Which of the following may the author advise us to do?

A．Use plastic bags.

B．Go to school by bus.

C．Use use-and-throw pens.

D．Throw newspapers away.

3. What does the author want to do in the last paragraph?

A．Summarize the above paragraphs.

B．Add some background information.

C．Introduce a new topic for discussion.

D．Show some reasons to the readers.

4. W hat may be the best title for the text?

A．Follow Old Traditions

B．Go Green Then and Now

C．The Environment Is Worsening

D．Modern Technologies Are Harmful

【推荐2】Traditionally, profiting from forests often meant capitalizing on timber (木材)——choosing commercial timber. Yet increasingly, there is an understanding that it’s of greater significance to keep trees standing than cut them down for financial profit. Money is not everything. We have to recognize real and lasting value is from natural resources. But money is a fact of life.

Good news is that we can expect entire natural woodland is left undamaged and still provides a revenue (收益) stream. Leaving woodland complete does not necessarily mean that we do not touch it at all. Conservation work may involve building back biodiversity or the removal of foreign plant species.

A healthy woodland system can provide a range of yields (产物). Besides eatable yields——top fruit, berries, and food crops, it produces substances for chemical use. The non-timber forest products provided by natural ecosystems will vary significantly depending on where they are. But there’re almost always ways to explore to acquire revenue.

A project in the U.K. shows woodland is also a draw for visitors. It engages a community who creates a sustainable area of woodland. The sale of handmade wooden items and non-timber forest products is involved. But the community largely obtains revenue by opening up parts of the natural woodland to the public with an adventure playground and outdoor recreational activities on the site. It also offers courses on nest building, special wildlife events and more. The project is thought to have great uniqueness. In terms of revenue, it centers round the existing natural land; the yields woodland can provide become side products.

Recreational activities, tours, and classes are just the commencement. A rich and biodiverse woodland can be an ecosystem that draws in people looking for a beautiful place to stay. Woodland has great value in ecological and social terms. And when you nurse it, it could also add to the income from your land.

1. What do people increasingly think about forest conservation?

A．It is difficult to carry out.

B．It means making full use of timber.

C．It outweighs financial development.

D．It should centre on building back biodiversity.

2. Why is the project considered unique?

A．It makes woodland itself the main product.

B．It focuses on protecting natural land.

C．It aims to promote ecotourism.

D．It provides educational experiences.

3. What does the underlined word “commencement” mean in the last paragraph?

A．Intention.

B．Wish.

C．Exception.

D．Beginning.

4. Which is a suitable title for the text?

A．Woodland Brings Profit While Staying Complete

B．A Project Creates Sustainable Woodland

C．Forest Conservation Has Been a Top Priority

D．Non-timber Products Help Gain More Revenue

【推荐3】When a package from an e-commerce shopping platform arrives on the doorstep, how many of us think about where it comes from?     1     Perhaps even fewer will think about the carbon footprint produced in the whole process.

It is not merely the “last mile”—the delivery, which adds to our carbon footprints but every step: from when a product was made, all the way to when it makes it into our hands.     2    . But fortunately, there are a few things we can do to lessen the blow. First and foremost is green supply chain management, which integrates (整合) eco-friendly measures into the entire supply chain process, from product design to procurement (采购), and from product delivery to end-of-life disposal (处理).     3     Rather, green supply chain management requires an integrated approach, ensuring that every activity in the supply chain is more environmentally friendly. The following are two typical examples of it.

1. Package design

When we think about a single package, the amount of tape used to secure each one might seem insignificant.     4     It turns out that narrowing the tape, from 54mm to 45mm, can make a big difference. Given the huge amount of packages, it is estimated that at least 100 million metres of tape can be reduced each year.

2. Green warehousing (储仓)

Behind an efficient operation are large, highly-automated warehouses. In some of the automated areas, robots can operate in the dark, so there is no need for lighting systems.     5     Inside the warehouses, the trend of going paperless by using electronic order slips saves a large amount of paper.

A．The answer is probably not too many.

B．It is impossible for one party to achieve this on their own.

C．Put simply, the supply chain is extremely carbon intensive (密集的).

D．Actions were taken to ensure a responsible and recycled process.

E．But what if we are talking about the billions of parcels used in this industry?

F．One solution is using packaging boxes that can be circulated throughout the ecosystem.

G．The rain collection system below the warehouses serves as a source of water supply.

【推荐3】Exercise and a healthy diet in childhood leads to adults with bigger brains and lower levels of anxiety, according to a new research in mice.

Though diet and exercise are consistently recommended as ways to promote health, this study is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.

The researchers determined that early-life exercise generally reduced anxious behaviors in adults. It also led to an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed “Western” style diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy foods.

These findings have recently been published in the journal Physiology and Behavior. To obtain them, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups - those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those that ate a Western diet.

Mice started on their diets immediately after weaning (断奶), and continued on them for three weeks, until they reached physical maturity. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without motion and on the healthy diet, the researchers did behavioral analysis and various measurements.

One of those they measured, leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control body weight primarily by lowering the sensation of hunger and also by increasing energy consumption. Early-life exercise increased adult leptin levels as well as fat mass in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate.

Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome (肠道菌群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily. Going forward, the team plans to investigate whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Western-diet-fed mice.

Together, both studies offer critical opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. The findings may be relevant for understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with fatness.

1. What is unique about the new study?

A．It involves adults' eating behavior.	B．It shows key elements for a long life.
C．It stresses separate impacts of exercise and diet.	D．It highlights joint effects of early exercise and diet.

2. How did the researchers get the study results?

A．By trial and error.	B．By previous experience.
C．By experimenting on grouped mice.	D．By comparing mice with human beings.

3. What is the main function of leptin?

A．It forms fat cells.	B．It brings down appetite.
C．It stimulates hunger.	D．It limits energy consumption.

4. How does the author look at health interventions in early-life habits?

A．Favorably.

B．Critically.

C．Indifferently.

D．Doubtfully.

【推荐2】Predator-Prey Interactions Shape Evolutionary Adaptations

To survive, predators must eat and prey must avoid becoming food. Therefore, predator and prey populations exert intense environmental pressure on one another, resulting in coevolution. As prey become more difficult to catch, predators must become more adept at hunting. Coevolution has given the mountain lion sharp claws, and it has given the fawn the mountain lion hunts the behavior of lying still as it awaits its mother. It has produced the keen eyesight of the hawk and the earthy camouflage coloration of its small mammal prey. Coevolution of predators and prey has also given rise to the bright colors of the poison arrow frog and the coral snake. In the next section, we examine an example of the evolutionary results of predator-prey interactions.

Some Predators and Prey Have Evolved Counteracting Behaviors

Bat and moth adaptations provide an excellent example of how both physical structures and behaviors are molded by coevolution. Both bats and moths are nocturnal (they are quiet during the day and active at night), and bats hunt moths as prey. Bats have evolved a system for sensing their surroundings at night, called echolocation. In echolocation, bats emit very high-pitched and high-frequency sound pulses that only they can hear. The bats navigate and hunt by listening to the sound as it reflects off surrounding surfaces and then by interpreting the returning echoes as a mental image. In response, some species of moths have evolved simple ears (most insects do not have ears) that are able to detect the sounds that bats use in echolocation. When they hear a bat, these moths change their flying patterns, flying erratically or dropping to the ground. The bats, in turn, have evolved the ability to change their sound pulses to a range that the moths cannot hear. Some moths have evolved a way to interfere with the bats’ echolocation by producing their own high frequency clicks. In response, when hunting a clicking moth, a bat may turn off its own sound pulses temporarily and locate the moth by following the moth’s clicks.

1. According to paragraph 2, echolocation is the use of sound to ________.

A．confuse or stun prey

B．imitate other animals

C．find objects in space

D．warn prey that a predator is near

2. According to paragraph 2, which ability did bats develop in response to the development of simple ears in moths?

A．the ability to locate other types of prey

B．the ability to hunt during the day

C．the ability to imitate the moth’s sound pulses

D．the ability to change the frequency of the sound pulses they emit

3. The phrase “interfere with” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.

A．listen to	B．disturb
C．control	D．find

【推荐3】Forests have a crucial role in cooling Earth’s surface by absorbing CO₂ like a sponge (海绵). But only two-thirds of their cooling power comes from their ability to suck in CO₂ and store it, according to a study by Deborah Lawrence, an environmental scientist. The other one-third comes from the biophysical effects — their ability to create clouds, dampen the air and release cooling chemicals.

Trees in the forests provide shade, but they also dampen the air by pulling water from the ground and releasing it from their leaves, which helps to cool the surrounding area in a way similar to sweating, Lawrence says.

This, in turn, creates the right conditions for clouds, which, like snow and ice in the Arctic, can reflect sunlight higher into the atmosphere and further cool the surroundings. Trees also release organic compounds that react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to sometimes create a net cooling effect.

To quantify (量化) these effects, Lawrence and her colleagues compared how the various effects of forests around the world feed into the climate system, breaking down their contributions in ranges of ten degrees of latitude (纬度). The researchers found that the world’s forests cool the surface of the planet by around 0.5℃ because of biophysical effects alone.

Threats to rainforests are dangerous not only for the global climate, but for communities that neighbour the forests, Lawrence says. She and her colleagues found that the cooling caused by biophysical effects was especially significant locally. Having a rainforest nearby can help to protect an area’s agriculture and cities from heatwaves, Lawrence says. “Every tenth of a degree matters in limiting extreme weather. And where you have forests, the extremes are minimized.”

This study confirms that forests have other significant ways of affecting the climate systm, giving us more reasons why deforestation is bad for the climate. It could enable scientists to improve their climate models, while helping governments to work out better conservation and climate strategies.

1. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．The tree leaves in forests.	B．The shade provided by trees.
C．The surrounding area in forests.	D．The water circulation done by trees.

2. How did Lawrence quantify the biophysical effects of forests?

A．By removing some other factors.

B．By comparing data of different times.

C．By studying the contributions separately.

D．By measuring the temperature in different places.

3. What is the significance of Lawrence’s study?

A．It develops a new climate model.

B．It matters in limiting extreme weather.

C．It highlights the dangers of deforestation.

D．It provides a scientific basis for conservation efforts.

4. What’s the best title of the text?

A．Forests: More Than a Carbon Sponge

B．Forests: The Disappearing Green Lung

C．Forests: Major Players in Carbon Cycles

D．Forests: Guardians of Local Communities