Teenagers who check social media for several hours a day are at the risk of developing ADHD, a study has concluded.
The research team, from the University of Southern California, tracked 2,600 teenagers aged 15 and 16. They asked them how many times they checked their phones and other digital devices for various reasons, and then monitored them for symptoms of ADHD. After two years, those who had checked their phones the most often were twice as likely as those who cheeked the least often to show signs of ADHD.
Writing in the JAMA medical journal, the scientists said, “Modern media devices immediately inform users when new text messages, social media postings, or video game play invitations arrive. Exposure to such information may draw attention away from important tasks. Frequent distraction could interrupt the development of constant attention and organization skills.”
They believe constant access to instant entertainment also has an impact. Researcher Professor Adam Leventhal said all previous researches had focused on the link between ADHD and televisions. "What's new is that previous studies on this topic were done many years ago, when social media, mobile phones, tablets and mobile apps didn't exist. We can say with confidence that teens who are exposed to higher levels of digital media are significantly more likely to develop ADHD symptoms in the future, he said.
Leventhal believes the findings help fill a gap in understanding how new mobile media devices and seemingly limitless content pose a mental health risk for children. And the findings serve as a warning.
British scientists welcomed the findings. But Professor Andy Przybylski of the Oxford Internet Institute said, “The study relies on survey responses provided by the students in question. It is not clear if teachers or parents would rate the children similarly or if the self-reported measure of digital screen use is related with either actual behavior or higher quality survey items.”
1. How did the researchers conduct the study?| A．By monitoring 2,600 teenagers with ADHD. |
| B．By controlling different teens, time spent on social media. |
| C．By tracking the participants for two years. |
| D．By analyzing data from previous researches online. |
| A．It will cause diverse ADHD symptoms. | B．It will create higher ADHD risks. |
| C．It will weaken teenagers' confidence. | D．It will have a major influence on organization skills. |
| A．It provides a better understanding of the media. | B．It should have focused on parents' responses. |
| C．Its findings are not reliable enough. | D．It's a breakthrough in this field. |
| A．The use of digital media is on the rise |
| B．Teens' exposure to modern media calls more attention |
| C．Heavy use of social media may increase Teens' ADHD risks |
| D．Teens are increasingly exposed to ADHD |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Do you go to the gym to strengthen your body? Well, you may be missing out on training some vital muscles-the ones involved in breathing. New research shows that training these muscles each day can reduce high blood pressure and promote heart health.
“The muscles we use to breathe atrophy, just like the rest of our muscles, as we get older,” explains Daniel Craighead, a physiologist at the University of Colorado Boulder. To test what happens when these muscles are given a good workout, he and his colleagues enlisted healthy volunteers aged 18 to 82 to try a daily five-minute technique using a resistance-breathing training device called PowerBreathe. The device forces the patient to use their breathing muscles to push and pull air through it, making them stronger.
“We found that doing 30 breaths per day for six weeks lowers blood pressure by about 9mmHg (毫米汞柱),” Craighead says. And those reductions are about what could be expected with traditional exercise, he says-such as walking, running or cycling. The impact of a sustained 9mm Hg reduction is significant, says Michael Joyner, a physician at the Mayo Clinic who studies how the nervous system regulates blood pressure.“That’s the type of redaction you see with a blood pressure drug” Joyner says. Research has shown many common blood pressure medicines lead to about a 9 mmHg reduction. The reductions are higher when people combine multiple (多种的) medicines, but a 10 mmHg reduction relates to a 35% drop in the risk of stroke and a 25% drop in the risk of heart disease.
“I think it’s promising.”Joyner says about the prospects of integrating strength training for the muscles used to breathe into preventive care. It could be beneficial for people who are unable to do traditional exercise, he says, and the simplicity is appealing, too, given people can easily use the device at home. However, the technique is not intended to replace exercise, he cautions, or to replace medication for people whose blood pressure is so high that they’re at high risk of having a heart attack or stroke. Instead, Craighead says, “it would be a good additive intervention (干预) for people who are doing other healthy lifestyle approaches already.”
1. What does the underlined word “atrophy” mean in Paragraph 2?| A．Run easily. |
| B．Age gradually. |
| C．Calmed slightly. |
| D．Relax frequently. |
| A．Multiple medicines. |
| B．Breathing training. |
| C．Blood pressure devices. |
| D．Traditional exercise. |
| A．Objective. |
| B．Negative. |
| C．Indifferent. |
| D．Supportive. |
| A．The Relationship Between Training and Heart Health |
| B．The Potential Integration of Training and Medicines |
| C．Medicines Work in Controlling High Blood Pressure |
| D．Breath Training Helps to Lower High Blood Pressure |
【推荐2】It isn’t just people who get road rage. Robins, a kind of small brown European bird, in the countryside become more aggressive when they hear the sound of traffic, according to a study.
When a robin arrives uninvited on another bird’s territory, they adapt their songs to ward the rival away, and adopt visual displays including swaying from side to side and threateningly baring their red chest feathers, before closing in and even going on the attack. Previous studies had found that robins living in cities were more physically aggressive than their rural cousins. The latest research suggests that noise pollution could play a part.
To explore the connection, scientists from UK and Turkey put a 3D-printed plastic model of a robin on another robin’s place at two locations: an urban park in Istanbul that was close to busy roads, and a quiet wooded area outside the city. The model intruder (闯入者) was also equipped with recordings of robin songs. Then, through a separate speaker nearby, they added traffic noise.
“In normally quiet surroundings, we found that additional traffic noise leads to rural robins becoming more physically aggressive, for instance approaching the model bird more closely,” said Dr Çağlar Akçay, the study’s lead author. But when they played the extra traffic to the urban birds, they did not become any more aggressive-instead they responded by singing less, suggesting they had perhaps learned to “sit out” temporary increases in noise.
Akçay and his team believed that the traffic noise was interfering with robins’ natural communication through song. “The high levels of noise that exist day and night in urban habitats, such as from traffic or construction equipment, may permanently interfere with the efficient transmission of acoustic (声音的) signals and this is likely to be the key reason why urban robins are typically more aggressive than rural birds,” he said.
1. What kind of bird are robins?| A．Mild. | B．Competitive. | C．Cooperative. | D．Graceful. |
| A．By analyzing previous research data. | B．By citing the famous scientists’ words. |
| C．By comparing robins’ different responses. | D．By recording the model intruder’s behavior. |
| A．Sing not as frequently as usual. | B．Ward the rival away by singing more. |
| C．Sway more violently from side to side. | D．Approach the model bird more closely. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Indifferent. | C．Optimistic. | D．Concerned. |
【推荐3】“I’ve never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University. “It’s a stupid endeavor.” That’s an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy this spring -------or perhaps not for another 5 years. It seems the reproductive system of man’s best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.
Westhusin’s experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog’s eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy’s DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate (代孕的) mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses (胎) may be acceptable when you’re dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of making an exact copy of their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. “A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right,” says Westhusin. Cost is no obstacle for Missy’s mysterious billionaire owner; he’s put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M’s research.
Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she does die. The prototype is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and supersmart. Missy’s master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy’s owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy.”
Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.
However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we’re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?”
1. By “stupid endeavor”, Westhusin means to say that ________.| A．animal cloning is not worth the effort at all |
| B．animal cloning is absolutely impractical |
| C．human cloning should be done selectively |
| D．human cloning is a foolish undertaking |
| A．study the possibility of cloning humans |
| B．search for ways to modify its temperament |
| C．examine the reproductive system of the dog species |
| D．find out the differences between Missy and its clones |
| A．Few private cloning companies could afford it. |
| B．Few people have realized its significance. |
| C．An exact copy of a cat or bull can be made. |
| D．It is becoming a prosperous industry. |
| A．Mr. Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon. |
| B．scientists are pessimistic about human cloning. |
| C．human reproductive system has not been understood. |
| D．rich people are only interested in cloning animals. |
【推荐1】Famous Modern Chinese Buildings
Beijing International Airport
The first place most visitors see when they arrive in China is Beijing International Airport. The airport was constructed in the 1950s. It has an indoor garden, a children’s playground, and over 70 food businesses in Terminal 3 alone.
Shanghai World Financial Center
Completed in 2008, SWFC took over 10 years to complete due to financial shortages and construction delays. Since its completion, it has won countless architectural awards.
Tourists are welcome at SWFC's viewing platform, which at 474 meters above ground is the worlds highest closed viewing platform.
The Water Cube
It was constructed for use during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics. Now visitors can express surprise at the architecture of the building. They can enjoy the indoor atmosphere as well.
Among the offerings of the Water Cube are a restaurant and bar, a shopping area, and Water World, a family water park
The Bird's Nest, Beijing
It was designed mainly for the 2008 Summer Olympics. It can hold up to 80,000 people and has been used for a winter theme park. Nowadays, its main income is as a tourist attraction. It draws more than 20,000 tourists every day.
National Center for the Performing Arts
It was completed in 2007. The building is surrounded by a man-made lake, requiring guests to enter via an underground hallway. It is home to an Opera Hall, Music Hall, and Theater.
1. Which of the following buildings was first constructed?| A．Beijing International Airport. | B．Shanghai World Financial Center. |
| C．The Water Cube. | D．The Birds Nest, Beijing. |
| A．It needed more construction workers. | B．It was short of money. |
| C．It added an extra viewing-platform. | D．It faced too much terrible weather. |
| A．By renting the winter theme park. | B．By increasing its opening time. |
| C．By charging tourists for admission fees. | D．By giving some live concerts. |
| A．Enjoy sports events. | B．Play musical instruments. |
| C．Attend science lectures. | D．Watch different performances. |
【推荐2】Young Adult Groups
●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members
If you love exploring the world through books, you have come to the right place! It all started as a challenge on TNBBC in 2009, and now we have our own group! Challenge participation is not a requirement of joining. Anyone who loves reading books is welcome.
Website: http: //www.worldinbooks.com
Rules: Respect each other’s opinions and have fun!
●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members
This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies（免费物）! Follow us for the newestbargain, discounted, and free e-books, as well as new releases and book recommendations. Website: http: //www.fireandicebooktours.com
Rules: Please share your items in the appropriate folders!
●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members
A group for New Zealand book lovers（and authors）and lovers of New Zealand books（and books in general）. Aplace to share what we’re reading, introduce books we have written, and discuss and recommend books. Please recommend us to your friends.
Website: http: //www.kiwisbook.com
Rules: Enjoy reading! Respect all group members and their opinions.
●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members
This group is for anyone who likes to read and likes to read at their own pace. It does not matter how much or how little you read. It’s just a friendly place to discuss what you’re reading and to get ideas for your next read. You can participate as much or as little as you like.
Website: http: //www.bookandcappucino.com
Rules: Be respectful to all. Everyone has a right to share opinions.
1. Which of the four groups is the most popular?
| A．Book Loving Kiwis. | B．A Book and a Cappucino. |
| C．Around the World in 80 Books. | D．Readers That Love Giveaways. |
| A．http: //www.fireandicebooktours.com. | B．http: //www.bookandcappucino.com. |
| C．http: //www.worldinbooks.com. | D．http: //www.kiwisbook.com. |
| A．New authors. | B．Young adults. |
| C．Book dealers. | D．Book lovers. |
【推荐3】Travelling to China is like travelling to another world. Its many famous beautiful places will make you lose yourself in them. However, it is usually not enough for a traveller only to visit these nice places. If you have time to see the local people, talk with them and even have dinner with a local family, it would be a wonderful experience, to know more about the local people’s life style at home in China.
New Hope Travel Agency will arrange a family visit to Xi’an, an ancient historic city inChina. We especially have chosen typical local families to host this activity in which you can see the true living style of Chinese people. Most of the hosts retired at home, so they are happy to see visitors from different countries to come to their homes.
Not only can we arrange to visit the local family but we can arrange to taste the true home cooked dishes. Our tour guide will ask you for advice about the food you want to eat. Just enjoy the locally cooked dishes. It’ll be quite a different and exciting experience.
Our agency also provides a good opportunity for you to learn to cook Chinese food. We have a general cooking class in the local family. If you’d like to learn to cook one or two Chinese dishes, please go to our Chinese Food Cooking Class to choose your favorite dishes.
Don’t wait. Welcome to China.
1. Where does the writer want the tourist to travel?| A．To the local family. | B．To beautiful places. |
| C．To the mountains. | D．To cooking. schools. |
| A．Yan’an | B．Beijing |
| C．Xi’an | D．Shanghai |
| A．they have retired and have free time | B．they want to learn a foreign language |
| C．they want to make some money | D．they want to travel to another country |
