组卷网 > 高中英语综合库 > 主题 > 人与社会 > 科普与现代技术 > 发明与创造
题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:150 题号:13384123

Some Famous People With Surprising Achievements


Hedy Lamarr—Wi-Fi

Austrian-born film star Hedy Lamarr was a box-office hit during the Hollywood Golden Age in the late 1930s and early 1940s.During World War II, she worked on a torpedo guidance system which forms the basis of today's Bluetooth and Wi-Fi communications. Patented (获得专利权) in 1942 together with composer George Anthiel, their “frequency hopping” de-vice was used during the war. Surprisingly, neither Lamarr nor Anthiel profited from their invention during their lifetimes.


Uri Geller—Radiation Shield (辐射防护屏)

As an Israeli-British magician, Uri Geller is best-known for using “mind power” to bend spoons on live TV. However, a lesser-known achievement is his invention of a radiation shield to protect cell phone users from the radiation. Patented in 1998, the shield covers the device completely to protect users from the harmful effects of radiation from cell phones and other handheld devices.


Jamie Lee Curtis—Baby Diaper (尿布)

Jamie Lee Curtis was a screen legend. She has featured in many movies during her career. With a busy acting schedule, it's quite surprising that she found time to turn her hand to invention. Curtis actually patented a baby diaper during 1980s, aiming at improving the traditional diaper design.


Gary Burghoff—Fishing Equipment

American actor Gary Burghoff is best-known for his role in the 1970s'TV series M*A*S*H. Burghoff also has a gift for inventing things. He holds two patents for “Chum Magic,” a fishing device that draws fish toward the boat, as well as a fishing pole.

1. When did Uri Geller get the patent on his invention?
A.In 1930.B.In 1940.
C.In 1970.D.In 1998.
2. What do Hedy Lamarr and Jamie Lee Curtis have in common?
A.They are actresses.B.They are magicians.
C.They were born in Austria.D.They got their patents in 1980.
3. Whose patent is related to fishing?
A.Hedy Lamarr's.B.Uri Geller's.
C.Jamie Lee Curtis's.D.Gary Burghoff's.

相似题推荐

阅读理解-阅读单选(约320词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了漂浮式太阳能发电厂可以有效节省更多空间,介绍了这种漂浮式太阳能发电的优势和未来的发展方向。

【推荐1】Solar power is now the cheapest source of electricity in history, according to a 2020 report. But there’s something holding this clean energy powerhouse back: Space. Unlike fossil fuel power stations, solar farms need a lot of room. While traditional solar farms sometimes attract arguments due to the amount of land they use, floating solar farms occupy much less valuable space above bodies of water.

“As demand for land increases, water bodies are increasingly being targeted for renewable energy. Deployment(部署)of solar on water increases electricity production."said Giles Exley,PhD researcher and lead author from Lancaster University. The research team set about computer modelling using the MyLake simulation programme and data collected by the UK’s Centre for Ecology and Hydrology from England’s largest lake, Windermere.

Their results show that floating solar arrays(阵列)can cool water temperatures by shading the water from the sun. At scale, this could help to mitigate against harmful effects caused by global warming, which is friendly to the environment. However, some complex conditions can result in the bottom layer of water becoming deoxygenated(脱氧的)and makes water quality worse-if floating solar farms are stationed.

“Floating solar could help to reduce the negative effects of global warming which will influence on these bodies of water,”Exley said,“however, there are also real risks of disadvantageous effects, such as deoxygenation causing undesirable increases in nutrient concentrations and killing fish. We need to do more researches to understand the possibility of both positive and negative impacts.”

The larger the solar equipment, the greater the effect on water temperature increases. Further studies will be needed to decide the suitable size array and design and their effects for individual lakes and artificial lakes.

1. What do we know about floating solar in the first paragraph?
A.The electricity of floating solar is cheaper than the solar power’s.
B.Floating solar farms could save more space efficiently.
C.Floating solar has aroused greatly controversy around the public.
D.Fossil fuel power stations take larger room than the solar farms.
2. What does the underlined phrase “mitigate against” mean in paragraph3?
A.Reduce.
B.Support.
C.Increase.
D.Promote.
3. What can we infer from the research of Giles Exley?
A.There is no negative effects to develop floating solar.
B.The research team collect the information from computer.
C.Floating solar can get rid of the drawbacks of global warming.
D.The water temperatures under the floating solar arrays are lower.
4. What does the research team plan to do next?
A.To do more researches.
B.To install more floating solar.
C.To design different floating solar.
D.To measure the size of the floating solar.
2023-05-17更新 | 57次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约320词) | 适中 (0.65)

【推荐2】An easily biodegradable(可生物降解的)material that could be “part of a global answer” to single-use plastic pollution has won its inventor, British designer Lucy Hughes , the international James Dyson Award.

Hughes' Marina Tex bioplastic is strong and flexible, making it a possible alternative for single-use packaging such as bags and sandwich wrappers. Its key ingredients are fish scales and skin, so it can break down in home food waste or compost bins.

Hughes created Marina Tex for her final-year project in the product design course at the University of Sussex. She had set out to create something using waste rather than unused materials, which led her to the UK's fishing industry. She ran more than 100 experiments to improve the bioplastic mixture, mostly using the kitchen stove in her student accommodation.

The fish scales and skin removed during processing usually encl up burnt or buried in landfill. And with “about 500, 000 tonnes of such waste produced by the country's fisheries annually”, it seems possible that Marina Tex could be used largely in industrial production. The material is low-energy to produce and doesn’t consume the earth's natural resources considering it's based on existing waste. It is also strong, boasting a higher tensile(可拉伸的)strength than the current material most commonly used for plastic bags.

British inventor James Dyson, who every year selects the grand prize winner in the international student design competition that bears his name, said that the material had the potential to replace traditional single-use plastics. “Marina Tex elegantly solves two problems:the ubiquity(无处不在)of single-use plastic and fish waste.” he said. “Further research and development will ensure that Marina Tex evolves further, and I hope it becomes part of a global answer to the abundance of single-use plastic waste.”

1. What do we know about Marina Tex bioplastic?
A.It is used globally.B.It feels pretty hard.
C.It is made from fish.D.It can break down easily.
2. Why did Hughes created Marina Tex?
A.To run experiments.B.To promote fishing industry.
C.To create something special.D.To finish her project at the university.
3. What does James think of the future of Marina Tex?
A.Promising.B.Uncertain.C.Costly.D.Dark.
4. Which of the following should be the best title for the text?
A.Existing Fish Waste
B.Ways to Fight Plastic Pollution
C.New Bioplastic Made from Fish Waste
D.An International Student Design Competition
2021-03-17更新 | 68次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约390词) | 适中 (0.65)

【推荐3】Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination, and teach problem -solving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social rules that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) believes it has found a way to turn the instructive fable (寓言) into a moral lesson that artificial intelligence (AI) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.

This, the researchers hope, will help prevent the intelligent robots from harming or even killing humanity, which is predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology, including Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk and Bill Cates.

Mark Riedl, an associate professor of interactive computing at Georgia Tech believes that the collected stories of different cultures not only teach children how to behave well but also teach robots how to get rid of violent or dangerous behaviour and help them make choices that won't harm humans and still achieve the intended purpose.

The system is called “Quixote”. The experiment involves going to a chemist to buy some medicine for a human who needs it as soon as possible. The robot has three choices. It can wait in line; it can communicate with the chemist politely and buy the medicine; it can steal the medicine. Without any further instructions, the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of getting the medicine is to steal it. Quixote offers a reward signal for waiting in line and politely buying the medicine and a punishment signal for taking it without permission. In this way, it learns the “moral” way to behave in that situation.

Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It's a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The moral lessons learned by a robot.B.The coexistence of human beings and AI.
C.The new function of the fairy tales on AI.D.The different applications of the fairy tales.
2. What are the three technology experts mentioned in Paragraph 2 concerned about?
A.The potential threat from robots.B.The problems with moral lessons.
C.The high costs of AI development.D.The difficulties of the GIT scientists.
3. How does Quixote help the robot behave morally in the experiment?
A.By offering the robot rewards.B.By sending the robot different signals.
C.By helping the robot make right choice.D.By giving the robot specific instructions.
4. Which of the following may the author agree with?
A.The development of robots is still in a baby step.
B.Robots should have the ability to understand the fairy tales.
C.The more functions the robot has, the better Quixote works.
D.It is necessary to train robots to follow the social values.
2020-08-07更新 | 61次组卷
共计 平均难度:一般