Have you ever wondered how dogs can walk barefoot(赤脚)in the snow? Now a Japanese scientist may have the answer-an inside central heating system.
The secret lies in how dogs circulate(使循环)their blood to prevent cold surfaces from chilling(使冷却)the rest of their bodies, according to Hiroyoshi Ninomiya, a professor at Yamazaki Gakuen University.
The system uses warm, oxygenated blood(含氧血)to heat the cold blood that has been in contact with a cold surface before returning it to the dog's heart and central circulation. "Dogs exchange heat at the end of their legs. Arterial(动脉的)blood flows to the end of their legs and then heats up venous(静脉的)blood before returning it to the heart, " Ninomiya said of his findings. "In other words, they have a heat exchange system in their feet."
Ninomiya studied a well-kept dog's leg under a microscope and found that because of the nearness of arteries and veins(静脉)in the foot pad,the heat in the blood carried from the heart to the arteries is easily conducted to the cooler blood in the veins.
This heat transference(热量转换)keeps a constant temperature in the foot pad, even when exposed to very cold conditions.
Dogs are not alone in having this sort of heat exchange system, which is shared by other animals such as dolphins.
1. Who is Hiroyoshi Ninomiya?| A．A famous writer. |
| B．A crazy dog lover. |
| C．An amazing doctor. |
| D．A university professor. |
| A．On the rest of their bodies. | B．On the top of their heads. |
| C．At the end of their legs. | D．Inside their deep hearts. |
| A．A travel magazine. | B．A science report. |
| C．A maths book. | D．A personal diary. |
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【推荐1】Many people think that hippos (河马) are cute and funny-looking. They are really fat and they have short, thick legs. They also have little round ears that wiggle (摆动) sometimes.
Hippos look funny, but you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover. Hippos are extremely violent and dangerous. In fact, they kill more people than any other animal in Africa. Think of how many dangerous animals that Africa has. It has got crocodiles, snakes, lions, elephants and many more. Hippos are more dangerous than all of them.
Hippos are naturally very dangerous animals, but there are some situations that make them even more dangerous than normal. They are very territorial. That means that they stay in one area which they consider to be their private area. If a person or animal enter a hippo’s area, the hippo will attack. Hippos also often attack when they are returning to the water. Hippos eat on land and return to water at dusk. If a hippo sees an animal when it’s returning to the water, it will become violent.
Hippos are so strong that they often kill crocodiles. There are two reasons that explain why hippos and crocodiles often fight. First of all, hippos and crocodiles live in the same areas. Since hippos are territorial, they don’t like having crocodiles nearby. Also, crocodiles often eat young hippos. For that reason, adult hippos frequently kill crocodiles.
Mother and daughter hippos have close relationships. However, hippos don’t have any other close relationship with each other. Hippos often live together in large groups, but scientists don’t know why. It’s hard to study the behaviour of male and female hippos, because males and females look the same.
Hippos are violent, but they are herbivores. A herbivore is an animal that eat only plants. An adult hippo eats about 50 kilograms of plants every day. Hippos are much more comfortable in the water, but they can run fast on land. Their top speed is about 19 kilometers per hour. That’s much faster than humans can run.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．The fight between hippos and crocodiles. |
| B．How to tell male hippos and female ones. |
| C．Africa’s most dangerous animal — hippos. |
| D．Why hippos get violent. |
| A．It is afraid of other animals. |
| B．It stays within a limited area. |
| C．It does not like to live in large groups. |
| D．It does not want other animals to enter its area. |
| A．Hippos swim faster than crocodiles. |
| B．It is hard to explain why hippos live in groups. |
| C．Male and female hippos look different. |
| D．Violent animals usually eat plants. |
| A．To inform. | B．To entertain. |
| C．To instruct. | D．To persuade. |
【推荐2】If you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend“. But a dog’s life is much shorter than humans, about 12 to 15 years long, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.
Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.
To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.
The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price-around £ 63,000. But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.
However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exactly same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian clone will be different, for example,” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, told The Guardian.
Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome, Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.
Perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out, “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”
1. What service does Sooam Biotech Research Foundation offer?| A．Making copies of pet dogs. | B．Giving pet dogs identical twins. |
| C．Helping dogs give birth to more puppies. | D．Helping dog owners love their dogs more. |
a. An egg is taken from another dog.
b. A skin cell is taken from the pet dog.
c. The egg grows into a puppy in two months.
d. The egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.
e. The DNA in the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell.
| A．a→d→b→e→c | B．a→e→b→ c | C．b→a→d→e→c | D．b→a→e→d→c |
| A．It has not been put into practice until recently. |
| B．It is very popular among US and UK pet owners. |
| C．It might not give the owners an exactly same dog. |
| D．It is very expensive and usually takes half a year to complete. |
| A．negative | B．supportive | C．unconcerned | D．critical |
【推荐3】A new UBC Okanagan study finds children not only get the benefits of working with therapy dogs — they enjoy it too.
“Dog lovers often have an assumption that dog-assisted therapy is going to be effective because other people are going to love dogs.” says Nicole Harris, who conduct this research while a master student in the School of Education. The research saw 22 children from the Okanagan Boys and Girls Club take part in a series of courses to help them build their social skills. Over six weeks, the children were accompanied by therapy dogs from UBC Okanagan as they completed lessons.
Each week the children were taught a new skill, such as introducing themselves or giving directions to others. The children would first practice with their given therapy dog before running through the exercise with the rest of the group. In the final time, the children — accompanied by their new furry friend and volunteer handler — would practice their new skills with university students located in the building.
“Therapy dogs are often able to reach children and help their growth in surprising ways. We saw evidence of this in the social skills of children when they were paired with a therapy clog.” says Dr John-Tyler Binfet, associate professor in the School of Education and director of BARK. “The dogs helped create a non-threatening climate while the children were learning these new skills. We saw the children practice and train their social skills with and alongside the dogs.”
“Findings from our observations suggested that dog-assisted social and feeling learning activities can provide unique advantages.” says Harris. “Our team saw that by interacting with the therapy dogs, the children’s moods improved and their engagement in their lessons increased.”
“Dogs have the ability to provide many stress-reducing and confidence-raising benefits to children.” says Harris. “It was really heart-warming to see the effect the program had on the kids.”
1. What is the purpose of the research in the text?| A．To get people to love dogs. | B．To help children be sociable. |
| C．To get a peaceful climate. | D．To improve children’s confidence. |
| A．A volunteer handler. | B．A university student. |
| C．A kid in the club. | D．A therapy dog. |
| A．Kids lx, gin to love dogs. | B．Kids are willing to help others. |
| C．Kids succeed in introducing themselves. | D．Kids attend their lessons more actively. |
| A．Favorable. | B．Ambiguous. | C．Doubtful. | D．Disapproving. |
【推荐1】A famous education expert performed an experiment. Three teachers were told they had been selected for a special program because they were the best teachers in the education system in their city. They were asked to teach 90 highIQ students at their own pace in another city and see how much they could learn in a year.
The result was excellent as they expected. The specially selected students achieved 20 to 30 percent more than the other students in grades in the city a year later. The teachers were surprised when they told that the 90 students were not highIQ students, but were actually randomly selected out of the common students. Of course, the teachers were feeling pretty good about themselves because they were getting such great results from average students. Then they were told that they were not the best teachers, and what they were told at first was pulled out of the hat.
Above average results were achieved by average students who were taught by average teachers. How? These teachers were operating from the mindset of As If. They taught as if they were the best teachers and teaching students who were highly able or gifted. Therefore, they got unexpected results. The mind is powerful and it doesn't know the difference between what is real and what is imagined. The teachers believed what they were told so they acted upon that belief. The results were the same as if what they believed was fact.
What results do you want in your life? Go ahead. Live as if you are already in that professional job by playing and acting the part. Live as if you are at the weight you want by making healthy food choices and behaving in a confident manner. Live as if you are financially sound by saving and spending wisely. Our thoughts decide our actions. Think in the mindset of As If and you will achieve success sooner or later.
1. What do we know about the 90 selected students?| A．They were selected on purpose. | B．They were all highIQ students. |
| C．Their grades improved a lot in a short time. | D．They got better grades in studies than the others. |
| A．Discussed again. | B．Wholly made up. |
| C．Explained carefully. | D．Doubted completely. |
| A．The difficulty of telling fact from imagination. | B．The gifted students' good performance. |
| C．The benefit of the mindset of As If. | D．Good teachers' great influence. |
| A．Choose something good. | B．Imagine a good situation. |
| C．Act like a successful person. | D．Live a comfortable and happy life. |
【推荐2】Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. Daydreaming has always had a bad reputation, but now scientific research has showed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.
Now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do. Researchers are finding daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.
Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, the same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to details. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved selfcontrol and creative abilities.
But that’s only part of the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that “you can imagine your future”. Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these famous achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true.
Of course daydreaming is no substitute(代替者) for hard work. You have to work hard to develop skills. Daydreaming alone can’t turn you into your heart’s desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of selfdevelopment, it might make a critical difference. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.
1. From the scientific research, a few minutes’ daydreaming will ________.| A．relieve stress effectively |
| B．improve grades |
| C．escape from real life and duties |
| D．gain a positive attitudes towards exams |
| A．reduce failure in examinations |
| B．help rapid and continuous physical growth |
| C．improve selfcontrol and creative abilities |
| D．benefit improvement of concentration |
| A．The attention. | B．The conclusion. |
| C．The contribution. | D．The concentration. |
| A．earns a good reputation |
| B．takes the place of hard work |
| C．pictures future profession |
| D．turns the desire into reality |
【推荐3】Fresh pomegranates at a market.
The seeds of this round, red fruit are known for their antioxidants (抗氧化剂). On the outside, they may look a bit like red delicious apples —but once you cut them open, you can tell pomegranates are quite different. Unlike apples, the tastiest part of pomegranates is actually their seeds. Just cut off the crown, cut the pomegranate into pieces like an apple, and pop out the seeds for a sweet snack.
Tiny as these kernels (果粒) are, pomegranate seeds, which are full of antioxidants, have been found to have a number of health benefits.
Let’s take a closer look at the health benefits of pomegranates:
Pomegranates improve your immune system. Moore recommends drinking pomegranate juice. ‘The antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice can be as much as three times higher than that of green tea and red wine,’ she explained. Antioxidants are important to keep the cells in our bodies healthy and able to fight off viruses, keeping down inflammation (炎症) and preventing organ damage. Besides, pomegranates lower blood pressure, lower cholesterol(胆固醇)and may prevent cancer.
With dozens of studies proving the positive health effects of pomegranates, it’s easily seen that this fruit is more than just a snack. Next time you see one at the market, give it a try – add the fruit to your breakfast.
1. Which is the suitable description of pomegranates?| A．They are a kind of red apples. |
| B．They can offer juice and salad. |
| C．They has tastiest seeds like apples. |
| D．They have seeds good for people’s health. |
| A．Take something out quickly. |
| B．Make a strange sound. |
| C．Send out something. |
| D．Appear suddenly. |
| A．They can cure cancer. |
| B．They can protect cholesterol. |
| C．They can cause inflammation. |
| D．They can reduce blood pressure. |
【推荐1】An earthquake is literally an earth-shattering experience! There you are enjoying an afternoon nap, having a cup of coffee in the morning, or even sleeping on a cold winter night when —WHAM! —the entire crockery (陶器) shelf collapses, and all the plates and cups break into pieces. A painting on the wall nearly knocks you down as it falls.
What should one do in an earthquake? The prime-time (黄金时间的) news gives no warning, nor is there a time of year, like the monsoon (风) season, when an earthquake always occurs. Unlike a tornado or hurricane, there is no known way of predicting an earthquake.
Though about 500, 000 earthquakes occur each year, only 100 of them cause damage! However, an earthquake can strike any time of the day or night, so it needs to be prepared for when you have the misfortune of being caught in the middle of one.
If you’re indoors, stay indoors, unless you’re on the ground floor, where you can easily run outside. The best thing to do if you’re indoors is to hide under a strong piece of furniture like a bed or desk. Do not head for the stairway if you’re living on an upper storey, because stairways can collapse.
If you’re driving, get out of traffic and stop on a wide and open road. Do not stop on a bridge, or in another case, under one. Stay inside your car until the shaking stops. Before you restart driving, look out for fissures (裂缝), breaks in the road, and bumps or cracks. Inside your home, be careful not to turn on the gas until you’re sure the cylinder (气罐) is safe, and there is no leak.
Avoid using your telephone unless there’s an emergency. You could be occupying lines that are needed by other people. Lastly, if you’re not trapped or seriously hurt, do not expect fire fighters, army or police to help you. They may be busy rescuing people in greater need than you!
1. What does the underlined word mean in the first paragraph?| A．worthwhile | B．amazing | C．endangered | D．earthshaking |
| A．No better way has been found to predict earthquakes yet. |
| B．The monsoon season disorders because of global warming. |
| C．The prime-time news can not receive timely information. |
| D．Earthquakes are accompanied by hurricanes or tornadoes. |
| A．On the rooftop. | B．Under the stairway. |
| C．Under a table. | D．In a wardrobe. |
| A．Hurry up to get out of the car. | B．Park away from the bridges. |
| C．Call the police for help at once. | D．Turn on gas pipe immediately. |
【推荐2】STEM is short for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math. Strengthening STEM education is vital to preparing kids to compete in the 21st century economy, because kids’ success is driven not only by what they know, but by what they can do with what they know. As a result, it’s more important than ever for youth to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to solve tough problems, gather and evaluate evidence, and make sense of information. The following camps provide the skills needed to succeed in the highly competitive society.
Steve & Kate’ s Camp
December 26th to January 24th
Steve & Kate’s Camp was founded on the belief that when you trust kids, they learn to trust themselves, and develop creative confidence that will help them unleash (突然释放) their true potential. It offers a safe, judgement-free environment where kids can be themselves, explore their passions and make a few mistakes along the way.
Phone:415-389-5437
App Camp
February 16th to March 28th
Asheville School is offering a unique app camp experience for teenagers across the US and abroad who are interested in learning how to make exciting new apps for the iPhone and iPad. Students will learn about Apple’s Swift programming language and learn Apple’s new AR technology.
Phone:828-254-6345
Game Camp Nation
April 17th to June 9th
Use your child’s energy for video games to fuel their future, strengthen self-confidence and make new friends. Creativity, Critical thinking & Communication: We emphasize the 3Cs needed for success in today’s media-driven world. Hands-on projects spark curiosity. Our groups are intentionally kept small, and our staff encourage the kinds of peer interaction that easily make friends.
Phone:619-446-6495
Camp Motor-sport
August 10th to October 7th
For the camper who loves to hear those famous words “Start your engines!” Camp Motor-sport offers exciting motor-sport focusing on summer camp programs for girls and boys aged 9 to 17. In addition to gaining valuable seat time, campers get hands-on experience with the STEM aspects of automotive design. When not driving, Camp Motor-sport still has all the fun campers expect including a private lake with swimming, boats, and gaga ball just to name a few.
Phone:888-836-1212
1. Which camp will you choose if your kid has a long Christmas vacation?| A．Game Camp nation. | B．Camp Motor-sport |
| C．Steve Kate’s Camp. | D．APP Camp. |
| A．Steve & Kate’s Camp | B．APP Camp |
| C．Game Camp Nation | D．Camp Motor-sport |
| A．415-389-5437. | B．828-254-6345. |
| C．619-446-6495. | D．888-836-1212. |
| A．They both make learners become confident. |
| B．They both appeal to learners full of curiosity. |
| C．They are both popular with programming language learners. |
| D．They are both free of charge for teenagers all around the US. |
| A．motivate teenagers to prepare for the competition |
| B．share information on how to spark kids’ curiosity |
| C．help teenagers compete successfully in society |
| D．attract parents to enroll their kids in the camps |
【推荐3】Ever imagined that your simple T-shirt could cool you down by up to 5°C on hot summer days? Thanks to a recent discovery, the possibility is getting closer. The amazing invention aims to offer real relief to people eager to feel comfortable and fresh in the outdoors on hot days.
Its inventors, engineers Ma Yaoguang of Zhejiang University and Tao Guangming of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China, took a completely innovative approach. They designed a special textile (纺织品) that can absorb body heat and re-emit (重发出) its energy into space as mid-infrared radiation. This textile cools both the objects and their surroundings through a technique known as radiative cooling. This means that even when it looks like you are wearing regular shirt, you are actually wearing a device that works like a mirror.
Research conducted at Stanford University in 2017 had already managed to cool the wearer by 3°C, but this previous trial was limited. So researchers still need to test the new approach to determine how effectively the new fabric cools while the wearers are standing or walking, and not directly facing the sky, like in their trials. They also need to examine and measure how well it works when T-shirts are not in close contact with the skin.
Inventors Ma and Tao are now looking out for textile manufacturers and clothing brands that are interested in using their fabric. They estimate that the new material will increase clothing manufacturing costs by just 10 percent. “We can make it with mass production which means everybody can get a T-shirt and the cost is basically the same as their old stuff.” Tao said.
So if you are an athlete or simply someone that has to deal with the extremely high temperatures, be patient because your days of feeling hot and bothered may be coming to an end!
1. What is the purpose of the new invention?| A．To cool people off in hot weather. | B．To change people’s body temperature. |
| C．To test the wearers’ temperature. | D．To make wearers fashionable. |
| A．By sending out absorbed heat. |
| B．By turning sunlight into energy. |
| C．By keeping heat out completely. |
| D．By using light colors to reflect sunlight. |
| A．The previous studies lack evidence. |
| B．The invention needs further testing. |
| C．The new textile has a good cooling effect. |
| D．The new textile applies to various situations. |
| A．Barking up the wrong tree. | B．Robbing Peter to pay Paul. |
| C．Killing two birds with one stone. | D．Putting the cart before the horse. |
