Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word -组卷网

题型：选词填空-短文选词填空难度：0.4 引用次数：75 题号：14582313

Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. advanced B. concerns C. governance D. data E. determined F. track G. identify H. precautions I. leading J. technological K. transform

The Rise of the Smart City

The information revolution is changing the way cities are run and the lives of its residents. Cities have a long way to go before they can be considered geniuses. But they're getting smart pretty fast.

In just the past few years, mayors and other officials in cities across the country have begun to draw on 1 about income, traffic, fires, illness, parking tickets and more—to handle many of the problems of urban life. Whether it's making it easier for residents to find parking places, or giving smoke alarms to the households that are most likely to suffer fatal fires, big-data technologies are beginning to 2 the way cities work.

Cities have just scratched the surface in using data to improve operations, but big changes are already under way in 3 smart cities, says Stephen Goldsmith，a professor of government and director of the Innovations in Government Program at the Harvard Kennedy School.“In terms of city 4 we are at one of the most consequential periods in the last century,” he says.

Although cities have been using data in various forms for decades，the modern practice of civic analytics (民情分析) has only begun to take off past few years, thanks to the 5 changes. Among them: the growth of cloud computing, which dramatically lowers the costs of storing information; new developments in machine learning, which put 6 analytical tools, in the hand of city officials, the Internet and the rise of inexpensive sensors that can keep 7 of vast amount of information such as traffic or air pollution; and the widespread use of smart phone apps and mobile devices that enable citizens and city workers alike to monitor problems and feed information about them back to city hall.

All this data collection raises understandable privacy 8 . Most cities have policies designed to safeguard citizen privacy and prevent the release of information that might 9 any one individual. In theory, anyway. Widespread use of sensors and video can also present privacy risks unless 10 are taken. The technology “is forcing cities to face questions of privacy that they haven't had to face before,” says Ben Green, a fellow at Harvard's BerkmanKlein Center for Internet and Society and lead author of a recent report on open-data privacy.

21-22高二上·上海松江·期中查看更多[1]

更新时间：2021-11-26 21:27:20 |

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【知识点】信息技术科学技术

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【推荐1】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

A. diverse B. dominance C. cracks D. core E. schedule F. application
G. landmark H. promote I. alternative J. echoes K. connectivity

China's BeiDou System Prepared for Serving Whole World

China launched the last satellite of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) on June 23, marking the completion of the country's homegrown orbital navigation network in a(n) 1 step towards the peaceful exploration of space.

The BeiDou network, a major infrastructure domestically constructed and operated, can better meet the demands of China's national security, economic as well as social development. It can also provide more stable and reliable services, as well as a(n) 2 to the U.S.-owned Global Positioning System(GPS) for global users.

Given the national security concerns due to GPS's 3 ,China has not been the only nation in the world to have striven to develop its own satellite navigation system.Thus one of the BDS's primary principles has been local innovation. The key components as well as 4 technologies and software of the BDS have all been independently developed and manufactured by China itself. Such an independent drive in the field of scientific and technological research and development 5 the very spirit that had been pursued by many Chinese scientists who had once dedicated themselves to the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" project when China had been under nuclear threat by some of the world's major powers.

After 26 years of difficult work, the BDS has now earned a global reputation for its high-accuracy service and various service capabilities. According to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, the services provided by BeiDou are already helping to 6 social and economic development around the world.

Indeed, the BDS-based solutions have already been successfully adopted in 7 field as land registration, precise agriculture, digital construction and the monitoring and management of vehicles and ships. Also, the BDS-enabled products have already been exported to more than 100 countries, providing users with a variety of choices and an enhance 8 experience.

Thousands of years ago, the Chinese invented the compass, which had made long-range voyages on rough and vast seas possible, helping to give directions in the Age of Discovery.

Today, the BDS network is prepared to promote an even stronger global 9 in this age of globalization, helping countries worldwide to 10 their own courses towards a better future.

2021-12-19更新 | 111次组卷

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【推荐2】阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词填空，其中有两项为多余选项。

trust replace contact through focus concerned content among

While the Internet brings people closer together, it also harms friendships.

Firstly, talking online can’t 1 face-to-face contact. According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it harder for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. As we know, important social skills, which enable us to develop lifelong friendships, are developed 2 direct contact with others.

Secondly, the Internet makes people self-centered. For example, instead of communicating with their friends, some are only 3 with their online popularity―the number of “likes” or followers, which we know can’t compare to having long-term and rewarding friendships. Besides, much of the 4 posted on social media does not have a lot of significant value. Posts about funny cat images can’t help form meaningful relationships.

Thirdly, online relationships may not be as they appear. Friendships are built based on 5 , and with online communication you can’t be certain that the people you are chatting to are being honest about their identities. Therefore, going online can be dangerous for people who are easily influenced or too trusting of strangers.

I think the best way to maintain healthy relationships is to 6 more on face-to-face communication, and less on online communication.

2021-01-27更新 | 181次组卷

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【推荐3】Directions: Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.confusingly 　　　 B.robbing 　　　C.apply 　　　D.accelerates 　　　E.bearable
F.fear 　　　　　　　G.underlying 　　H.temporarily 　　I.claims 　　 J.bargain 　　K.outcomes

The Danger of Sharenting

For the vast majority of people, checking social media involves a mix of expectation and curiosity. The app feeds on a collective 1 that we are missing out on something, whether it’s a fabulous party, a pop-up sale, or the mere concept of vacation. But the same dynamic doesn’t quite 2 to parents sharing pictures of their young children online. There certainly may be an element of proud boasting: “Admire my little son’s taste in jazz,” etc. But these carefully chosen photos often do little more than help parents escape from a harsh day 3 . The isolation of parenthood delivers one to strange places, and you need your tribe. Sharing images on social media makes the experience 4 , connecting one to a larger world.

In his new book Why We Should Think Before We Talk About Our Kids Online, Leah Plunkett, a Harvard psychology professor, argues that “sharenting” happens when an adult transmits private details about a child via digital channels. It 5 a child’s entry into “digital life.” Studies estimate that by 2030 nearly two-thirds of identity-fraud cases affecting today’s children will have been caused by sharenting.

For Plunkett, there are a couple of reasons to be concerned about sharenting. On a philosophical level, sharenting exposes children to the larger digital world without their permission, 6 them of a kind of privacy. This feeds into Plunkett’s second, much broader concern. The 7 problem with sharenting is the same with many adult-world privacy issues: the bargain we have made in exchange for these services is that we surrender our data and choose not to imagine the worst-case scenarios. Could things that parents post about children produce real-world 8 , in terms of bullying, professional reputation, or future prospects? Today, long before children take their first step, their digital data already travels to “thousands, likely tens of thousands, of human and machine users.” How long will it be until someone 9 the power to predict who a child will become as an adult based on these data points?

Plunkett’s concerns made parents reconsider their choices. In the end, Plunkett’s advice is to “make more mindful choices” about digital lives though parenthood is often so 10 vague that mindfulness seems impossible.

2019-12-14更新 | 251次组卷

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文章大意：本文是说明文。目前，许多为物联网开发的智能设备将预测我们的需求，并为我们做出选择——不需要被告知要做什么——这标志着我们与机器关系的历史性转变。

【推荐1】Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. boost B.capabilities C.ceaseless D.effects E.evolve F. historic
G.identify H.initiative I. interconnected J.miraculously K.seriously

Currently, many of the brainy gadgets being developed for the Internet of Things will anticipate our needs and make choices for us--without being told what to do--marking a(n) 1 transformation in our relationship with machine.

As we turn more of our decision-making over to the devices,they will 2 into our personal confidants (知己) and counselors, determining everything from the time we wake up and clothes we wear to the music we listen to and the route we take to work. In the process, experts say our reliance on these 3 tools will far surpass today's dependence on smart phones.These autonomous assistants are widely expected to help us stay healthier, take better care of our loved ones, live more comfortably, become more environmentally responsible and 4 our productivity by freeing us from an endless array of boring routines so we can concentrate on the most important ones.

But social scientists and others worry these computerized devices might make decisions that are 5 flawed or that we otherwise dislike, leaving us feeling less in control of our lives. More importantly, their 6 observation could result in an excessively conformist (循规蹈矩的)society, some experts fear一especially with the government and other entities (实体) exploring the use of these intelligent machines to assess and prevent "abnormal behavior."

Stanford University researchers believe society may be profoundly impacted by Internet-of-Things machines blessed with humanlike 7 . So in December they began a century-long study of the technology in part to 8 the implications “of systems that can make inferences about the goals, intentions, identity, location, health, beliefs, habits and future actions of people."

Understanding such 9 is crucial, experts say, because the technology is being rapidly adapted. About 13 percent of consumers already have got a smart thermostat, security camera or other devices installed in homes. Instead of just doing what we command, many of the devices being empowered with sophisticated software and micro-electronics to act on their own 10 as our personal advisers.

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文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的北斗导航系统正在世界舞台上占据一席之地，具体梳理了目前GPS、GLONASS、伽利略和北斗系统的发展和服务，详细说明了北斗系统的服务特色和推广使用。

【推荐2】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. alternative B. access C. deny D. standing E. interoperation
F. uniquely G. envisions H. surface I. capability J. attentively K. markets

China’s GPS Challenger Takes Its Place on the World Stage

GPS

GPS was created in the early 1970s U.S., when the Department of Defense (DOD) wanted to guarantee a stable, accessible satellite navigation system for military use. This-system reached fully operational 1 in 1993. GPS currently delivers two levels of service: Standard Positioning Service, which is available to all users on a continuous, worldwide basis; and Precise Positioning Service, whose 2 is restricted to the U.S. Armed Forces, U.S. Federal agencies.

GLONASS

In keeping with its pattern of imitating U.S. technology, the Soviet Union decided to field its own GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). Development of GLONASS began 3 years after the United States started work on GPS. GLONASS provides “real-time positioning and speed data for 3 , sea, and airborne objects around the world.”

An agreement in 2000 allowed China to use GLONASS for basic navigation. Multiple sweeping agreements with China in 2019 include both the use of GLONASS and 4 with ground radar stations built to support BeiDou.

Galileo

Galileo is the European GNSS. The European Commission and European Space Agency built Galileo together to provide their member states with an independent, European 5 to GPS or GLONASS whose owners can degrade or 6 the system at any time. Galileo went live in 2016 and currently has 26 satellites in orbit.

BeiDou

China decided to develop BeiDou after the 1995 — 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, when an unexpected disruption in GPS caused the People’s Liberation Army to lose track of its ballistic missiles (弹道导弹) fired over the Taiwan Strait. China decided it could not afford to repeat such an incident. Even though China had a 7 agreement with Russia to use GLONASS for basic navigation, China persisted with its plan to develop BeiDou.

Although every GNSS broadcasts a more accurate signal for only military and government use, BeiDou 8 provides these sensitive users with information about the status and current accuracy of the navigation signal in real time. China aggressively 9 BeiDou to private sectors, especially as part of its BRI in Asian countries. By the end of 2019, more than 70 percent of Chinese smartphones utilized BeiDou. China aims to use BeiDou, together with its fifth-generation cellphone technology, to dominate the market for telecommunications services, which China 10 will include next-generation technologies such as autonomous vehicles. Agreements to use BeiDou have already been signed with 120 partners in more than 30 countries.

2023-04-26更新 | 84次组卷

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文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章提到了数字革命带来的影响，并介绍了一些常用的视频格式。

【推荐3】Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. counting B. create C. loss D. Luckily E. offer F. preferred
G. supports H. transfer I. type J. Unfortunately K. video

The digital revolution has had a huge impact on every aspect of our society. For content creators, life looks nothing like it did just a couple of decades ago. Back then, all you had to do is to take the tape off the camera and put it on your 1 player. At most, you had to read an article to understand the difference between HS and Betamax. Video was only consumed in two ways: television or cinema. Nowadays, you’ll probably run out of fingers 2 how many video formats (格式) there are out there, let alone the number of platforms and devices on which video is played.

Understanding what each video format is and does is no child’s play. In fact, it is a “must” if you want your work to look the best regardless of where and how it is played. If, for example, you want to 3 a video website, the type of file you’ll need to use will most likely to be different from the one you’ll have to create for your social media accounts. In order to make this whole process a lot easier, we have put together a list of the most common video formats and which ones you should use for each purpose.

So what’s the best video format?

4 , there isn’t a cure-all when it comes to video sharing. The good thing is that it’s actually really easy to 5 between video formats. If you do so, be sure to always save the original file in order to avoid 6 of image quality due to file compression(压缩).

Here are three of the most common video uses and the 7 formats for each of them:

Social media: MP4 is supported by Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, IGTV, and YouTube. Facebook also 8 MOV, while YouTube accepts most video formats.

TV and computers: AVI, MOV, and MKV 9 the highest quality image which makes them great options for big screen streaming.

Website: WEBM and HTML5 are the video formats meant for your account. However, using tools such as Wix Video will allow you to work with almost any file 10 , as well as offer you much more control over your work.

2023-01-09更新 | 87次组卷

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