【推荐3】Personality used to be a one-per-customer deal: like it or not, you were who you were, and lying to a pen pal was about the closest you could get to have a different ego. That was then. With the appearance of MySpace, Facebook, and other social networking sites, a second, carefully crafted identity is now available to anyone with an Internet connection. And that has psychologists wonder: just how well do these online personalities match the person sitting at the keyboard?

The answer, it turns out, is pretty well. In a recent study of 133 undergraduates with Facebook profiles, University of Texas psychologist Samuel D. Gosling measured the correlation between personality tests online and off, and found — contrary to the assumption that social networking sites can’t capture one’s features—that the students represented themselves quite faithfully.

Gosling surveyed the group on a standard five-point personality test, which measures extroversion (外向性), agreeableness, sense of responsibility, emotional stability, and openness to new experiences. Then he rated the same subjects based only on their Facebook profiles, which usually included photos and lists of interests, from academic majors to favorite books and movies.

Gosling found a correlation between assessments in four of the five categories, with emotional stability as the only one showing no significant results across personal and online assessments.(Gosling says he was not surprised at the latter, since emotional stability is something that people are good at hiding across most media.)While extroversion showed the highest correlation, the study suggests that “openness to new experience” is perhaps better conveyed online than in person.

“Facebook users don’t tend to put a lot of personal information on their pages, ” Gosling says, so someone who posted touching personal stories, for example, might come off as oversharing without intending to.

In short, says Gosling, Facebook users aren’t generally using the site as an image buffer, a resume enhancer, or a separate self. “They just use it as a medium for social life.”

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【推荐1】Evan Selinger, professor in RIT’s Department of Philosophy, has taken an interest in the ethics (伦理标准) of Al and the policy gaps that need to be filled in. Through a humanities viewpoint, Selinger asks the questions, “How can AI cause harm, and what can governments and companies creating Al programs do to address and manage it?” Answering them, he explained, requires an interdisciplinary approach.

“AI ethics go beyond technical fixes. Philosophers and other humanities experts are uniquely skilled to address the nuanced (微妙的) principles, value conflicts, and power dynamics. These skills aren’t just crucial for addressing current issues. We desperately need them to promote anticipatory (先行的) governance, ” said Selinger.

One example that illustrates how philosophy and humanities experts can help guide these new, rapidly growing technologies is Selinger’s work collaborating with a special AI project. “One of the skills I bring to the table is identifying core ethical issues in emerging technologies that haven’t been built or used by the public. We can take preventative steps to limit risk, including changing how the technology is designed, ”said Selinger.

Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part of the ongoing journey in pursuit of creating responsible AI. Selinger explains that there isn’t a step-by-step approach for good governance. “AI ethics have core values and principles, but there’s endless disagreement about interpreting and applying them and creating meaningful accountability mechanisms, ” said Selinger. “Some people are rightly worried that AI can become integrated into ‘ethics washing’-weak checklists, flowery mission statements, and empty rhetoric that covers over abuses of power. Fortunately, I’ve had great conversations about this issue, including with some experts, on why it is important to consider a range of positions. ”

Some of Selinger’s recent research has focused on the back-end issues with developing AI, such as the human impact that comes with testing AI chatbots before they’re released to the public. Other issues focus on policy, such as what to do about the dangers posed by facial recognition and other automated surveillance(监视) approaches.

Selinger is making sure his students are informed about the ongoing industry conversations on AI ethics and responsible AI. “Students are going to be future tech leaders. Now is the time to help them think about what goals their companies should have and the costs of minimizing ethical concerns. Beyond social costs, downplaying ethics can negatively impact corporate culture and hiring, ” said Selinger. “To attract top talent, you need to consider whether your company matches their interests and hopes for the future. ”

【推荐2】A study from Denmark suggests that growing up in the countryside may help you stay in good mental health as an adult. The research involving nearly a million people found children, who live in green areas, are 55% less likely to develop a mental health disorder in later life.

The researchers believe green spaces help create friendly communities where people enjoy talking to others, as well as encouraging people to exercise. This helps improve a child’s cognitive (认知的) development, which may positively affect their mental health.

The research was led by Dr Kristine Engemann from Aarhus University in Denmark. The researchers used satellite data collected between 1985 and 2013 to assess (评估) the green space around the participants’ childhood homes. This data was then compared against the risk of developing mental disorders later in life. “After mastering a huge amount of data, as well as other information such as house location and disease diagnoses from Denmark, we compared it with satellite images which show green space of individual when growing up,” Dr Engemann said.

Results showed that those who grew up surrounded by lots of green space were less at risk of a mental health problem. Dr Engemann said, “We find that the longer you have been surrounded by green space from birth and up to the age of 10, the lower the risk of developing a mental disorder. There is increasing evidence that the natural environment plays a more important role in mental health than thought before. Our study gives us a better understanding of its importance across the broader population.”

Noise, air pollution, infections (传染病) and poor social and economic conditions increase the risk of a mental disorder, according to the study. The researchers are calling on city planners to design greener cities to improve the public’s mental health.