Natural wonders like the Grand Canyon can take your breath away, but you also can find awe (敬畏) in everyday things. A newly-published research found that older adults who took “awe walks” felt more positive emotions in their daily lives.
In the study, 52 older adults aged 60 to 90 were divided randomly into two groups. They were told to take at least one 15-minute walk each week for eight weeks. Volunteers in the “awe group” were instructed in how to inspire awe as they walked. “We asked them to try to see the world with fresh eyes,” Sturm says. For example, one participant from the awe group wrote about “the leaves were no longer crunchy (嘎吱响) underfoot because of the rain” — the wonder that small children feels as they embrace their expanding world. However, people in the other group were less focused on the world around them. One participant wrote, “I thought about our vacation in Hawaii next Thursday.”
In addition, participants were asked to take selfies (自拍) in the beginning, middle, and end of each walk. Researchers found that participants who took awe walks showed a “small self,” in that they filled less of their photographs with their own image and more with the background scenery. “When we feel awe, our attention shifts from focusing on ourselves to focusing on the world around us,” Sturm says. Their smiles also grew broader by the end of the study. “We analyzed their smiles in the selfies, and participants who took awe walks displayed greater smiles over time than those who took control walks. The former reported greater positive emotions in general, including more joy and gratitude.”
Participants in the control group took more frequent walks than those people in the awe group, the researchers discovered. But walking more didn’t result in positive changes in emotional health or in the way their selfies were taken. This suggests that the results were mainly due to experiencing awe, and not just in spending time exercising.
1. What were the “awe group” participants specially asked to do in Paragraph 2?A.To focus on their inner world. | B.To collect leaves after the rain. |
C.To take a walk each week. | D.To explore with childlike curiosity. |
A.Close-up faces with no smiles. | B.Half-shown faces without scenery. |
C.Unhappy facial expressions. | D.Small figures with bigger smiles. |
A.Experiencing awe matters. | B.More walks, more joy. |
C.Exercises can benefit us. | D.Awe comes with walking. |
A.Weekly Walks Contribute to Emotional Health |
B.Experiencing Awe Do Wonders for Everyone |
C.Awe Walks Improve Your Positive Emotions |
D.Awe Walks Promote Your Physical Fitness |
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【推荐1】When we come home from a long day at school, our clogs are so happy to see us. Their faces look happy, with mouths wide open.
It's probably not an illusion(错觉)at all. In fact, two centuries of modern science has good evidence that humans and animals share emotions—including the kind of emotion that results in laughter.
US animal behaviorist Patricia Simonet carried out research on a special sound that dogs make when they play.
Even other dogs seem to recognize and associate the “laugh" with pleasure.
It might not surprise us that dogs—our traditional “best friends”—like to laugh. But other research suggests that creatures? like rats, also laugh.
Estonian researcher Jaak Panksepp did experiments on rats.
While studies have shown that dogs and rats “laugh“ when they play? it doesn't mean that all animals really laugh even if they make a laughter-like sound.
Take hyenas(土狼)for example. The hyena is well known for making a noise that sounds like a person laughing loudly. But studies show the hyenas don't make the noise because they think something is funny.
But make no mistake? when your dog welcomes you home, it's definitely laughing.
A.You can make your dog laugh at times |
B.Laughter can relieve their nervousness |
C.He found that they had a sense of humor and fun |
D.The sound is a “forced, breathy exhalation(呼气)” |
E.We've all wondered whether our dogs are smiling at us |
F.Some would seek out toys and others would run toward the source |
G.The “laughing“ is actually a noise they make when they are excited or frightened |
【推荐2】A new study has found that a child’s reading speed can be improved by simply increasing the space between letters within a piece of text. The research, led by Dr Steven Stagg of Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), examined the benefits of letter spacing and coloured overlays (颜色标注) among children.
Two groups of children, dyslexic (有阅读障碍的) and non-dyslexic children, were asked to read four texts with either standard or extra-large letter spacing, both with and without a coloured overlay. They were instructed to read the text out loud while being recorded. The recording was used to measure the number of errors they made — specifically missed words, added words, wrong words, and pronunciation — as well as the participants’ reading time.
The study discovered that text with increased space between letters provided a benefit for both groups. On average, the dyslexia group showed a 13% rise in reading speed, while the group of non-dyslexic children showed a 5% rise. In addition to improving reading speed, it also resulted in a significant decline in the number of words missed by the children with dyslexia. However, the study found that coloured overlays had no significant impact on reading speed or the reduction of errors for either group.
Dr Stagg, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at ARU, said, “We believe extra-large letter spacing works by reducing what is known as the ‘crowding effect’ (拥挤效应), which can hamper the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed.”
“Our findings strongly suggest that teachers can be confident that all children would be helped by increased letter spacing in reading materials.” Dr Stagg added. While we found that coloured overlays provided little benefit, we suggest children should be encouraged to use overlays if they find these help their reading. Coloured overlays may not increase reading speeds, but they may extend reading stamina (持久力). Previous research suggests their benefits may not become apparent if reading time is less than 10 minutes and the short reading duration of the tests in our study may have put coloured overlays at a disadvantage (劣势).
1. Which of the following best describes the research process in paragraph 2?A.Explain, group and report. | B.Read, instruct and measure. |
C.Question, guess and prove. | D.Classify, record and count. |
A.It increases reading speed. | B.It sharpens reading skills. |
C.It arouses reading interest. | D.It enhances reading comprehension. |
A.Obtain. | B.Prevent. | C.Change. | D.Involve. |
A.They might work better in short reading. |
B.They might not be known by experts. |
C.They might not have been evaluated fairly. |
D.They might have some advantages. |
【推荐3】Studies have shown most people fail to realize how much time they spend on their smart phones each day.
Frank and Amelia’s family were put to a test, using a free app called “Momentscreen Time Tracker”. The Vascellaros—Frank, Amelia, 14-year-old twins Frankie and Joe, and 17-year-old Sam — all said they did not really know they were spending so much time on their phones each day.
“Honestly, I don’t feel like I’m on my phone a lot,” Amelia Vascellaro said. Amelia was on her phone far less often than Frank, according to the app. While Amelia spent about an hour per day on the phone, Frank spent close to four hours on his phone—which came as a shock to him. The children’s times varied but they often spent more than a couple of hours on the phone as well.
Minneapolis-based Dr Kirsten Lind Seal sees phone usage come up a lot among families. Lind Seal said many family members’ phone use has become problematic.
“If we hear more than once, ‘Do you have to be on your phone right now? Can you please put your phone down? Did you hear what I said?’, it may be a sign that it is negatively influencing our family relationships and our daily lives,” she said.
Lind Seal said actually paying attention to how much time one spends on the phone is a good first step in deciding when to put it down.
She asks parents to encourage more face-to-face communication for teens and young adults as they continue developing their social and emotional skills. “What we find is that we are really losing out on empathy—the ability to understand other people’s feelings and problems—when we spend a lot of time on our smart phones to communicate with other people,” she said.
1. How did the families tested by the app feel about the test results?A.unsatisfied. | B.Doubtful |
C.Uninterested. | D.Astonished. |
A.To encourage people to live a simple life. |
B.To explain the signs of problematic phone use. |
C.To show the importance of close relationships. |
D.To ask people if they use phones too much. |
A.Teens and young adults are losing out on empathy. |
B.We can understand each other by using smartphones less. |
C.Communication in person should be encouraged. |
D.It is important for teens to develop social and emotional skills . |
A.A diary. | B.A guidebook. |
C.A novel. | D.A magazine. |
【推荐1】Traditional festivals have made a comeback. Spring Festival celebrations have just ended, Qingming (Tomb Sweeping) Festival is on the way (April 5), followed by Duanwu (Dragon Boat) Festival (June 14) Later, there will be the Mid-Autumn (Moon) Festival (Sept.22) and Chongyang Festival (Senior's Festival) (Oct, 16).China currently has about 10,000 traditional festivals among is 56 ethnic groups.
Nobody really questioned whether we needed more holidays until 2004 when a pubic debate took place about the popularity of some Western festivals and the waning influence of traditional festivals. The key message was: Traditional festivals are "important and therefore they need protection".
But many people, especially the young, say they are not interested in these festivals. Instead, they are embracing Western Festivals and holidays such 25 Christmas Day, Valentine's Day Halloween, Thanksgiving Day, and even April Fool's Day.
A commonly heard reason for this thinking is: "Traditional festivals are boring, old stuff" while Western festivals are "much more interesting and exciting". Meanwhile, concerned scholars want to preserve traditional festivals that "are vital elements of our unique historical legacy, and cultural identity".
If we really want to save our traditions, we should worry about the lack of content. Take Spring Festival for example, in the past, people did a lot of interesting activities, as shown in popular costume dramas such as Dream of the Red Mansion. But today, most people just eat, let off fireworks, play mahjong or watch gala shows.
To revitalize traditional festivals, we should not blame young people for blindly following Western festivals and Western culture but should change the way we celebrate traditional festivals. For instance, for Qingmng Festival, young netizens are establishing online cemeteries to mourn their deceased family members or deceased pets.
With new forms and novel ideas, I believe traditional festivals can stay forever young and always be appealing, here and abroad.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?A.People are not interested in our traditional festivals. |
B.We should think of new ways to keep our traditional festivals alive. |
C.Western festivals and holidays are becoming more and more popular in China. |
D.Traditional festivals have been boring for us. |
A.to cerebrate | B.to know more about |
C.to be familiar with | D.to give new life to |
A.China currently has about 10,000 traditional festivals among its 56 ethnic groups |
B.both Chongyang Festival and Valentine's Day are Chinese traditional festivals |
C.people celebrate traditional festivals in the same way as people did in the past |
D.Chinese traditional festivals are less attractive to the young |
A.We should change the way we celebrate traditional festivals. |
B.Western festivals are as important as traditional festivals. |
C.It’s not necessary to protect traditional festivals. |
D.People can establish online cemeteries to mourn their deceased family members or deceased pets. |
A.Science. | B.Heath. | C.Entertainment. | D.Economics. |
【推荐2】Not long after the pandemic started, researchers began to document declines in child and adolescence mental health. The numbers are stark.
Hospital emergency room visits spiked for suspected suicide attempts among girls ages 12 to 17,according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. From February to March 2021, the number jumped by 51 percent compared with the same period during 2019.For boys, the increase was 4 percent Early research from MIT suggested the suicide rate for people aged 10 to 19 increased in 2020, compared with before the pandemic. More recently, CDC provisional data for 2021 showed an increase in the national rate from 2020 to 2021,especially for people ages 15 to 24.
In other research, the CDC found nearly 45 percent of high school students were so constantly sad or hopeless in 2021 that they were unable to engage in regular activities. Almost I in 5 seriously considered suicide, and 9 percent of the teenagers surveyed by the CDC tried to take their lives during the previous 12months. Family upheaval (变故), meanwhile, was widespread, particularly in the early pandemic: Nearly 30percent of students said an adult in their home had lost a job, and 24 percent said they went hungry for a lack of food.
There are no directly comparable per-pandemic studies, but Kathleen Ether. the CDC’s director of the division of adolescent and school health, said student well-being is significantly better for teens who report feeling connected to their schools - a problem for a population that, nationwide, was kept out of them for so long. There is 20 years of research showing that it not only has an impact on how young people do while they’re adolescents, but it has 20-year impacts on all kinds of measures of health, including emotional well-being, suicidality and substance (违禁药物) use, she said.
It also left many children grieving. More than 230,000 U.S, students under 18 are believed to be mourning the ultimate loss: the death of a parent or primary caregiver in a pandemic-related loss, according to research by the CDC, Imperial College London, Harvard University, Oxford University and the University of Cape Town. In the United States, children of color were hit the hardest, another study found.It estimated that Black and Hispanic children had a higher rate of caregiver loss at nearly twice that of White children.
1. What does the underlined word “spiked” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Accounted. | B.Boosted. | C.Reduced. | D.Accused. |
A.Almost half of the students were too desperate to live normal lives. |
B.About 20 percent of the students attempted a suicide previously. |
C.They became starved due to the unemployment of adults. |
D.Family upheaval mainly contributes to their psychological disorders. |
A.Over 230,000 Black and Hispanic students suffered from a family loss by the age of 18. |
B.The US white people have so much racial discrimination against them. |
C.They may enter the child welfare system after experiencing the death of a parent. |
D.They were more likely to lose a caregiver than White, non-Hispanic children. |
A.Entertainment. | B.Health. | C.Education. | D.Science. |
【推荐3】Arctic sea ice has been steadily decreasing since the beginning of satellite records in 1979, but a new study comes with a chilling prediction: By the end of this century, Arctic sea ice may disappear during the summer, which could drive polar bears and other ice-dependent species to extinction (灭绝).
The “Last Ice Area” is a region containing the oldest, thickest Arctic ice. It spans an area of more than 1 millon square kilometers from the western coast of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to Greenland’s northern coast. When scientists named the 4-meter-thick ice region, they thought it would last for decades.
But now, under both the most optimistic and pessimistic scenarios (情形) for warming linked to climate change, the sea ice will severely thin by 2050. The most optimistic scenario, in which carbon emissions (排放) are immediately curbed to prevent the worst warming, could result in a limited part of the ice surviving in the region. In the most pessimistic scenario, in which emissions continue at their current rate of increase, the summer ice—and the polar bears and seals that live on it—could disappear by 2100, researchers reported in a new study.
“Unfortunately, this is a massive experiment we’re doing,” study co-author Robert Newton, a senior research scientist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, said in a statement. “If the year-round ice goes away, entire ice-dependent ecosystems will break apart, and something new will begin.”
As carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases increasingly contribute to the warming of the atmosphere, the past 15 years has brought the lowest 15 sea-ice extents (范围) in the satellite record, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Worse still, the NSIDC reports that the amount of older, thicker Arctic ice that has survived at least one melt season is at a record low. A more noticeable decrease in ice coverage could have a serious effect on the lives of the creatures that live on, or under, the shifting ice network, including photosynthetic algae, tiny crustaceans, fish, seals, narwhals, bowhead whales and polar bears.
1. What will be a great threat to the ice-dependent species in the Arctic according to the study?A.The cold weather. | B.The increasing competitors. |
C.The loss of their natural living environment. | D.The serious pollution of the ocean water there. |
A.Recorded. | B.Controlled. | C.Determined. | D.Predicted. |
A.His concern about the Arctic creatures’ future. |
B.His surprise at the great amount of Arctic ice. |
C.His curiosity about the reasons for low sea-ice extents. |
D.His doubt about the obvious decrease in ice coverage. |
A.Small Ice Coverage Has Negative Effects | B.Polar Bears Could Become Extinct |
C.Greenhouse Gases Lead to Global W arming | D.“Last Ice Area” Is on the Decrease |