组卷网 > 高中英语综合库 > 主题 > 人与社会 > 科普与现代技术 > 科普知识
题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.85 引用次数:107 题号:16584869

When you were at school, were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding how to do it, and knowing what is distracting you, can help.

Scientists have looked at what makes us delay and found a number of ways to help us stay in the zone. One of the most obvious things is removing noise. Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration, or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand.

Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to get down to it and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher NilliLavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” So, keeping your mind busy might be the answer.

There are more practical tips to keeping your mind focused. These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do, finding a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things, or chewing some gum! It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.

But according to Science Focus magazine, distraction isn’t all bad. “If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. Distraction is vital for survival.”

1. Which of the following distracts people easily according to the scientists?
A.Task.B.Science.C.Zone.D.Noise.
2. What do we know according to Caroline Williams?
A.Attention is paid to his articles.B.Distraction is not easy to settle.
C.Challenging tasks make people concentrate.D.A noisy background helps cure distraction.
3. What is the writer’s attitude toward distraction?
A.Dissatisfied.B.Objective.C.Subjective.D.Curious.
4. What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Dealing with distraction.B.Ways distracting people.
C.Things interesting people.D.Learning skills.
【知识点】 科普知识 说明文

相似题推荐

阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 较易 (0.85)
文章大意:本文是说明文。介绍了为什么在电动汽车和自动驾驶汽车中会更容易产生晕车,并对相关科学原理、技术方案以及汽车生产商的努力进行了阐述。

【推荐1】Do you experience worse car sickness in electric cars than in petrol cars? You’re not alone - and when it comes to self-driving cars, it may be even worse.

Although scientists aren’t exactly sure what causes motion sickness, it has to do with passengers losing the ability to predict future movements. When you read a magazine in a car, your eyes will signal to your brain that the car is not moving. However, your brain will recognize the vibrations (振动) and turns that the car makes. This can confuse the mind and make you start to feel sick.

As for electric cars, one-pedal (单踏板) driving is often linked to feelings of car sickness, according to the US Department of Energy. The one pedal does both the accelerating (加速) and braking (刹 车) - the driver steps on the pedal to increase speed and takes their foot off the pedal to slow down. If you stop accelerating, the one-pedal will automatically slow and stop the car. The deceleration caused by this system is thus more rapid than that of petrol cars, which may lead to motion sickness.

Another technological advance that can also be related to car sickness is the larger and increasing number of screens inside vehicles. These screens overburden users with visual information, which discourages them from looking outside, according to The Conversation. Passengers thereby lose their ability to take in the “correct” visual signals, such as the moving surroundings, which can lead to sickness.

Unfortunately, even when people get used to the movements of electric cars and experience less car sickness, self-driving vehicles might be another challenge for them. According to a 2015 study, as much as 12 percent of the US population may feel carsick while riding in autonomous vehicles.

To ensure the widespread usage of new types of vehicles, car producers are working to solve such problems with better technology. For example, Japanese company Honda is working on reducing the car’s “violent (猛烈的) ”acceleration by making changes to the engine, said Car Magazine.

1. What is the possible cause of passengers experiencing motion sickness?
A.Lack of visual signals in the car.
B.Unpredictable movements of the car.
C.Inability to sense vibrations and turns.
D.The brain’s confusion about movements.
2. What makes electric cars more likely to cause car sickness than petrol cars?
A.Their unique driving mode.
B.Their slow way of braking.
C.Their violent acceleration.
D.Their constant pedal adjustment.
3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.Potential dangers of placing screens in cars.
B.A technology to reduce car sickness.
C.A design aspect in vehicles that causes car sickness.
D.Passengers’ different responses to car sickness.
4. What is Honda doing to improve its cars?
A.Developing a more powerful engine.
B.Reducing their cars’ deceleration time.
C.Making the cars’ acceleration smoother.
D.Adding more automatic adjustment features.
2024-01-18更新 | 83次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约310词) | 较易 (0.85)
名校
文章大意:这是一段网络讨论的截取。Dave Johnstone在网上提出了一个问题,三个来自不同国家的网友跟帖发表了自己的看法。

【推荐2】Days ago my wife and I argued whether the stones we threw into the Mediterranean harbor of Ciutadella in Menorca would create waves that would eventually hit the shores of North America. I said “yes. ” I believed until waves met a shore, they were extremely great in strength. But she said the wouldn't. Who is right?

Dave Johnstone, UK

Your wife is right. In their passing, waves lose energy due to viscous(粘性的)forces. In the thin waters of the Mediterranean, energy is reduced much more quickly.

Simon Iveson, Indonesia

I think the questioner’s waves would not be high enough because of air friction(摩擦)and the viscous water. To make matters worse, the Strait of Gibraltar is not on a line of sight from Ciutadella, so the waves would need to be sent back from North Africa or a passing ship, and this would mean a great loss of energy.

Mike Follow, UK

I studied the map of the world, and found that clearly no wave formed by dropping a rock in the harbor of Ciutadella could travel to the Strait of Gibraltar and out into the Atlantic Ocean without first striking many shores and being sent back by each.

Another factor is wind. If a wave created by a rock falling into water travels in the same direction as a gentle wind, it may become larger. But a strong wind can bend it so easily that it becomes completely lost.

It seems unlikely that any big part of the wave from a rock dropped in Ciutadella harbor would ever reach the Strait of Gibraltar, let alone North America. But I admire the spirit of the question.

Patrick Johnson, US

1. What is the main purpose of Dave Johnstone’s writing?
A.To describe his experiment with waves.
B.To explain how he and his wife created waves.
C.To invite an answer to his question.
D.To show his scientific interest in waves.
2. Simon Iveson, Mike Follow and Patrick Johnson all think that________
A.Johnstone’s opinion is partly right
B.a passing ship gives waves greater strength
C.Johnstone’s wife made a mistake
D.sea waves lose energy rather easily
3. In his writing, Patrick Johnson mainly________
A.examines the geography of the Mediterranean
B.presents two reasons in his analysis
C.explains the effect of a wind on a wave
D.show his admiration for the couple
4. What can be inferred about the writers?
A.They may not have met before.
B.They don't agree with each other.
C.They often write to each other.
D.They come from the same country.
2022-05-26更新 | 91次组卷
阅读理解-七选五(约240词) | 较易 (0.85)
名校
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了人的思维方式对自我认识和自我发展的影响。

【推荐3】Your mind is very powerful. Yet, if you’re like most people, you probably spend very little time reflecting on the way you think. After all, who thinks about thinking?     1    

If you draw wrong conclusions about whom you are and what you’re capable of doing, you’ll limit your potential. Your thoughts are a catalyst (催化剂) for self-perpetuating (自我持续的) cycles.     2     So if you think you’re a failure, you’ll feel like a failure. Then, you’ll act like a failure, which strengthens your belief that you must be a failure. I see this happen all the time in my office. Someone will come in saying, “I’m just not good enough to advance in my career.” That opinion leads her to feel discouraged and causes her to put in less efforts.     3    

Once you draw a conclusion about yourself, you’re likely to do two things: look for evidence that strengthens your belief and consider anything that runs against your belief unimportant. Someone who develops the belief that he’s a failure, for example, will view each mistake as evidence that he’s not good enough.     4     Consider for a minute that it might not be your lack of talent or lack of skills that are holding you back. Instead, it might be your beliefs that keep you from performing at your peak (巅峰).

    5     That’s not to say positive thoughts have magical powers. But optimistic thoughts lead to productive act, which increases your chances of a successful outcome.

A.When he does succeed, he’ll owe it to luck.
B.Once that belief gets rooted in his mind, he will suffer a lot.
C.That lack of efforts prevents her from having a better career.
D.Creating a more positive thought can lead to better outcomes.
E.What you think influences how you feel and how you behave.
F.However, the way you think about yourself turns into your reality.
G.If we make an effort on purpose, you can learn to think more positively.
2023-01-14更新 | 106次组卷
共计 平均难度:一般