Of the 7 billion people on Earth, roughly 6 billion own a cellphone, which is pretty shocking, given that only 4.5 billion have access to a working toilet.
So how are cellphones changing us? On average, people spend 4.7 hours a day looking at their phone. Combined with the length of time spent in front of computers, this has led to an increase in the nearsightedness. In North America, in the 1970s about 1/4 of the population had nearsightedness, where today nearly half do; and in some parts of Asia, 80 — 90% of the population is now nearsighted.
And it can be hard to put your phone down, take for example the game Candy Crush. As you play the game, you achieve small goals causing your brain to be rewarded with little bursts of dopamine, and eventually, you are rewarded with new contents of the game. This novelty also gives little bursts of dopamine, and they together create what is known as a “compulsion loop”, which just happens to be the same loop responsible for the behavior associated with nicotine or cocaine. According to a recent study, 93% of young people aged 18—29 report using their smartphones to avoid boredom. Without their phones, they may suffer “nomophobia”—the fear or anxiety of being without their phones.
Your smartphone can also disrupt your sleep! The screen produces a blue light which has been shown to change our biological clock, reducing the time spent in deep sleep, which is linked to the development of diabetes, cancer, and obesity.
Of course, smartphones also completely change our ability to access information, most notably in poor and minority populations. 7% of Americans are entirely dependent on smartphones for their access to the Internet.
So while phones are in no way totally bad, and have been a part of positive change in the world, there’s no denying that they are changing us.
1. Why does the writer mention the near-sighted population in paragraph 2?A.To call on people to stop using cellphones. |
B.To demonstrate the bad influence cellphones have on our eyes. |
C.To show the eyesight differences between westerners and Asians. |
D.To warn us that shortsightedness caused by computers is becoming worse. |
A.Anxious. | B.Energetic. | C.Addicted. | D.Excited. |
A.They provide too much exciting information that makes us sleepless. |
B.They produce a special light that can cause less deep sleeping time. |
C.They can lead to serious diseases related to sleeping problems. |
D.They have clocks that ring too loud for us to fall asleep. |
A.How Do Cellphones Change Us? | B.Put Down Your Cellphone Now! |
C.Can We Live Without Cellphones? | D.Don’t Let Cellphones Ruin Your Eyes! |
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【推荐1】We've heard of AI (Artificial Intelligence) taking human jobs, but I bet mayors (市长) don't really think their jobs can be threatened any time soon. They were wrong, and the AI running for the mayor of a Tokyo district was clear proof of that.
AI can't legally run for high-ranking public management positions yet, but one mayoral candidate from Tama City, Tokyo, intended to maximize the use of artificial intelligence in running city affairs. He was running his campaign (竞选运动) as “AI Mayor”. Basically, he was suggesting replacing human public officials with AI and having them collect city data and create fair and balanced policies that will benefit everyone.
“For the first time in the world, AI will run in an election,” human candidate Michihito Matsuda announced on Twitter. “Artificial Intelligence will change Tama City. With the birth of an AI Mayor, we will conduct balanced politics.”
The AI Mayor was campaigning like its human competitors. Posters were shown all over Tama City and campaign trucks were blaring out promises of an AI utopia (乌托邦) and asking for support.
Some people called Michihito Matsuda's campaign a stun (噱头): as a human would still be the one legally in charge. However, others said that they were excited about the future of AI running things in the background, adding that it had to be a better choice.
1. What's the advantage of the AI Mayor according to Michihito Matsuda?A.Maximizing the use of AI. | B.Replacing human officials. |
C.Creating balanced policies. | D.Bringing him beneficial effects. |
A.It will abolish many old policies. |
B.It will ask for support on the Internet. |
C.It will make public speeches as a human. |
D.It will compete similarly to human competitors. |
A.They believe AI will win. |
B.All consider it to be tricky. |
C.Some think it's worthy of expectation. |
D.It is supposed to be a failure definitely. |
A.The Advantages of AI | B.AI Runs for the Mayor |
C.The Patterns of AI Management | D.Al Replaces Human in Management |
【推荐2】Digital technology has made life easier for most people. With a smartphone in hand, people can shop online, watch TV shows and arrange a taxi. Zhu Yiwei, 17, from Anhui province, wanted his grandfather to have access to this convenience, so he bought him a new phone as a gift. But his grandfather still uses the phone just for calling and messaging. “He said other functions make him confused,” said Zhu.
This is a common problem faced by the elderly in the digital age. Although China already has more than 900 million Internet users, among them, those aged 60 and above make up just 6.7 percent, according to the Statistical Report on Internet Development.
Even though the elderly have access to the Internet, they mainly do it for communication and information acquisition, according to a survey by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Other services are still strange to them. That’s why elderly people are sometimes called “digital refugees”. For example, since the COVID-19 pandemic, people are often asked to show a green health code on their phone to get into public places. But most elderly people don’t use smartphones. Even if they have one, many don’t know how to operate it, People’s Daily noted.
“We have made a lifelong contribution to society, but now we feel abandoned by it,” a 75-year-old Beijing resident surnamed Bai told the Global Times. For the elderly, one way of mastering digital technology is to learn from younger family members. However, not all of these younger people have the patience or time to teach the elderly. In addition, aging results in many physical problems, such as weak eyesight and bad memory. This makes it harder to use smartphones.
The government and other organizations in China are trying to help. See Young, a Beijing-based NGO, aims to help China’s elderly use mobile services. Student volunteers have been providing free computer and smartphone training for elderly people in over 200 communities across the country.
Zhao Jingchuan, 17, from Xi’an Gaoxin No 1 High School, and his team members also tried to help. This year, their draft proposal was brought to the two sessions. They suggested more ways to help introduce the technology to the older generation, including sending manuals (手册), offering technical support, and cybersecurity education.
1. Why is Zhu Yiwei’s example mentioned in the first paragraph?A.To praise him for caring for his grandfather. |
B.To show how the elderly use smart phones. |
C.To tell how different generations get along. |
D.To present the difficulties the elderly face. |
A.they have fewer chances to use the Internet |
B.they have trouble using digital technology |
C.they are unwilling to use new technology |
D.they don’t have suitable digital products |
A.The expectations of the elderly in the digital age. |
B.The advantages of digital technology for the elderly. |
C.The efforts made to help the elderly use technology. |
D.The help young people provided for the elderly. |
【推荐3】Amazon will let customers at some Whole Foods stores pay with a simple wave of their hands.
The company announced it is bringing palm scanners (掌纹扫描仪) to one of its Whole Foods stores in Seattle, with plans to roll out the new payment system to eight stores in the Seattle area in the coming months. Customers will hold their hands above the scanner for a contact-free payment method.
The scanners are already available (可用的) at one of those Seattle stores — its Madison Broadway location. Amazon plans to increase availability further after this first test run. “We’re always looking for new ways to improve the shopping experience for our customers,” said Arun Rajan, chief technology officer at Whole Foods.
To make use of the new service, customers will give Whole Foods their bank card information to make a connection with their palm print. They can choose to use a different payment method, such as cash, check or other bank cards, in later visits.
Amazon has already tried the system, which it calls Amazon One, at some of its own stores in Seattle, including Amazon Go and Amazon Go Grocery, which have allowed customers to pick the things they want and then leave the store without checking out, as sensors (传感器) and cameras track their purchases.
That checkout-free technology has been criticized (批评) as a way to avoid the need for workers.
Whole Foods said this new palm scanner will not have any effect on employment in the stores where it is offered.
“Amazon One is an additional payment choice at checkout, and Whole Foods Market Team Members will continue to maintain all of their present responsibilities,” said the company’s statement.
1. What will happen in the next few months?A.Amazon will open more Whole Foods stores. |
B.Whole Foods stores in Seattle will have a sale. |
C.A new payment method will be promoted worldwide. |
D.More palm scanners will be used in Whole Foods stores. |
A.How to use the service. | B.Why to use the service. |
C.When to use the service. | D.Whether to use the service. |
A.Services they got. | B.Challenges they faced. |
C.Tools they used. | D.Things they bought. |
A.Ask for more pay. | B.Enjoy their free time. |
C.Continue their services. | D.Serve major customers. |
【推荐1】Why We Listen to Music with Lyrics(歌词) We Don’t Understand
From French electronic to K-pop and Spanish jazz, it’s common for us to listen to songs we don’t necessarily understand.
But why? It all starts with what’s called “sound symbolism(语音表意),” which refers to the study of the relationships between utterances(发声) and their meaning. In music, there’s something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language.
A.The interrelationship of melody and pitch is important. |
B.This is why fast-paced music is so popular for running. |
C.Of course, this isn’t to ignore the importance of lyrics in music. |
D.Things like a musician’s image also help convey meaning through songs. |
E.So, when listening to a foreign song, we enjoy the lyrics as sounds and not words. |
F.It seems that not knowing the language of the lyrics doesn’t stop us from liking a song. |
G.Some musical techniques and elements can also help convey certain moods and messages. |
【推荐2】Princess culture is less about a princess lifestyle, and more about great-depth of character, serving as a beautiful reminder of worth—whether a girl is a princess or not. In Frances Hodgson Burnett’s A Little Princess, Sara Crewe survived her many tragedies and hardships by remembering “I am a princess. All girls are… even if they aren’t pretty, or smart, or young. They are still princesses.” Whether child or adult, all can benefit from the belief that no matter their circumstances, they always have value—that true self-worth goes beyond appearance or environment and is found deep within. No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth.
Spend much time with a four-year-old girl in the U.S and you will likely see some sort of princess play, whether it is dressing up, acting out stories, or playing with princess-themed toys. This particular type of pretend play is very important to children. Lindsey and Colwell found that children who regularly engage(参与)in pretend play have more positive emotions with peers(同龄人), score higher on emotional understanding, and are better at emotional regulation one year later. Research suggests that princess play specifically can lead to rich experiences for children as they expand on the stories of familiar characters.
Princesses also provide examples of “women who rule”, showing women and girls that they can be accepted as the heroines of their own stories and lead with wisdom and maturity(成熟). In other words, princesses inspire potential.
Adults often think of princesses in a negative way someone who is too proud or crazy about their appearance. But in children’s imagination, the word “princess” allows them to think about what they can become. Maybe they won’t save the world, but they will defend their values. Maybe they won’t have the perfect figure, but they can develop the confidence to move beyond appearance.
1. Why does the author mention Sara Crewe in the first paragraph?A.To explain the definition of princesses. |
B.To prove the value of princesses. |
C.To tell her painful experiences. |
D.To show her determination. |
A.It makes children get high scores. |
B.It helps children get on well with peers. |
C.It helps children learn tings easily. |
D.It encourages children to understand adults better. |
A.Children may focus on appearance. |
B.Children may like to rule others. |
C.Children may be addicted to virtual world. |
D.Children may lose interest in communicating with adults. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Uncertain. |
C.Positive. | D.Disappointed. |
【推荐3】Space is becoming more crowded. Quite a few low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites have been launched into the sky, which are designed to move around the Earth only a few hundred kilometres above its surface. SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit by 2027.
That promises to change things on Earth. LEO satellites can bring Internet connectivity to places where it is still unavailable. This will also be a source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan Stanley, a bank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350 billion in 2016 to more than $1.1 trillion by 2040. New Internet satellites will account for half this increase.
For that to happen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris (碎片) is the most familiar concern. As long ago as 1978, Donald Kessler, a scientist at NASA, proposed a scenario (设想) in which, when enough satellites were packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all spacecraft in its orbital plane. Solutions exist. One solution is to grab the satellites with problems and pull them down into the Earth’s atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more closely for debris. But technology is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits.
Cyber-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers could take control of a satellite and steal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the world’s population comes to rely on space for access to the Internet, the need for action intensifies. Measures will surely be taken to protect network security.
The third issue follows from the first two. If a simple mistake or a cyber-attack can cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment, who is responsible for that? Now the plans of firms, wishing to operate large numbers of satellites are being studied. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let alone priced.
As space becomes more commercialized, mind-bending prospects open up: packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, equipment sent to other small planets, passengers launched into orbit and beyond. All that and more may come one day. But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop.
1. What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage?A.They will limit the space economy |
B.They will increase in large numbers. |
C.They will move beyond the Earth as far as possible. |
D.They will monitor old satellites. |
A.To avoid network attack. |
B.To make the Internet accessible to backward areas. |
C.To lighten the financial burden of space firms. |
D.To accelerate the development of bank industry. |
A.block low-Earth orbits with packed satellites |
B.pull down satellites into Earth’s atmosphere |
C.put the disposal of old satellites at high risks |
D.bring destruction to spacecraft in the same orbit |
A.It should be further confirmed for its ownership. |
B.It should be continued because of its advantages. |
C.It should be done carefully to avoid potential risks. |
D.It should be stopped in the face of the space economy. |
【推荐1】A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne universities, analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901.
Scientists don't know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data. However, researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.
In particular, researchers said changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Turner, Monet, and others' works, even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time.
Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature, focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe. Paintings' done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent. Generally, artists can historically accurately represent their environment, so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution, when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.
Additionally, researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted, the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs. By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era, they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions.
1. How did the researchers conduct the study?A.By referring to relevant historical records. |
B.By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet. |
C.By relating the paintings to the air conditions then. |
D.By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution. |
A.Air pollution at that time. | B.Change in subject matter. |
C.Social trends of the period. | D.Development of photography |
A.European artists preferred landscape paintings. |
B.Scientists focused on studying weather patterns. |
C.Turner and Monet intended to present pollution. |
D.Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe. |
A.To inform people of a new discovery. | B.To instruct people to appreciate paintings. |
C.To introduce the Industrial Revolution. | D.To call on people to protect the environment. |
【推荐2】Beavers, like humans, change their surroundings to fit their needs. Known as Nature’s engineers, they tear trees down to build lodges to live in and dams to raise water levels for protection from predators. Dams also slow water’s flow while blocking sediment (沉积物) that would otherwise flow downstream. The resulting wetlands often attract wildlife diversity where none had existed. There are challenges, though. Beaver dams sometimes cause flooding, and most people prefer trees alive and upright.
Communities face a delicate balancing act, learning to coexist with beavers. In late 2019, many people enjoying Washington & Old Dominion (W&OD) path became beaver fans as one furry family transformed Sparrow Pond -a sediment-filled, man-made storm-water management area- into an oasis for birds, frogs, turtles and deer.
Yet such activity caused concern. As beavers worked, they raised water levels about five feet. The increased depth allows beavers to survive underwater if the pond ices over in winter. But county officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the steep soil bank supporting the paved hike and bike path.
To find a good balance between protecting the W&OD path and the beavers, in April, the county installed a “beaver baffle” — a pond leveler. Beavers often rush to plug leaks in their dams. Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam, unnoticed by the beavers.
Recently, Andrew Jones, 18, organized a tree-caging event -- putting wire cloth around large tree trunks to discourage beavers from biting them. It also protects people from injury due to random trees falling.
“We cover the trees we don’t want them to eat, while providing others they like,” said Luisa Robles, Greenbelt’s sustainability specialist. Some new trees are periodically planted just for the beavers. “We need to learn to yield a little of our wants to share the Earth’s resources.” she said.
Sparrow Pond’s 2023 restoration project will restore proper water depth and improve wildlife habitat without creating problems for the path. “A beaver baffle will also be included so beaver families can make the pond their home in the future,” noted the project’s flier.
The balancing act continues.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.Where beaver’s favorite surroundings are. |
B.How beavers help attract wildlife diversity. |
C.Why beavers are called nature’s engineers. |
D.What effects beavers have on their habitat. |
A.Swallow Pond would flood often. | B.Sediment would flow downstream. |
C.The popular path might be damaged. | D.Beavers might have to live underwater. |
A.A block to keep beavers away. | B.A device to fix holds in the dams. |
C.A tool to maintain water level. | D.A material to protect the soil bank. |
A.Create | B.show | C.appreciate | D.sacrifice |
【推荐3】SEA Summer High School Programs 2022
Science at SEA
Science at SEA is a four-week program for rising high school juniors and seniors, as well as recent high school graduates, which focuses on the coastal and offshore marine(海洋的) environment around Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The program includes a shore component on the SEA campus in Woods Hole and a sea component aboard the Sailing School Vessel (SSV) Corwith Cramer.
July 21- August 13 Expense: $4, 000
SEA Quest
SEA Quest is a two-week program that welcomes high school students and recent graduates. Participants will gain hands-on experience conducting field research, sailing a tall ship, and understanding of the complexities of creating and managing marine reserves. They return home with a broader sense of the ocean’s importance to our planet and the need to preserve this precious resource for future generations. Life here is fast-paced. No prior sailing experience is necessary. Strong desire to learn is required!
July 11 - July 22 Expense: $ 3, 200
SEA Cape
This three-week summer program at SEA offers current high school students the opportunity to study the marine environment from a variety of perspectives: scientific, historical, and literary. Participants live and study at our campus in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
June 27 - July 14 Expense: $ 3, 800
SEA Expedition
This two-week summer program for high school students, including graduating seniors, is centered on learning by doing. SEA Expedition is a multidisciplinary experience that welcomes students to participate in every aspect of a challenging offshore sailing , and occurs entirely aboard the ship SSV Corwith Cramer. Life at sea is fast-paced and tough.
July 5 - July 17 Expense: $ 3, 500
1. Which program lasts the longest?A.Science at SEA. | B.SEA Quest. |
C.SEA Cape. | D.SEA Expedition. |
A.Previous experience in sailing. |
B.Great eagerness to study the sea. |
C.Ability to conduct scientific experiments. |
D.Knowledge of sea resources preservation. |
A.It offers opportunities of sailing. |
B.It entirely takes place on a ship. |
C.It features many relaxing activities. |
D.It allows graduates to participate in. |
A.Science at SEA. | B.SEA Quest. |
C.SEA Cape. | D.SEA Expedition. |
A.Previous experience in sailing is needed. |
B.Participants can enjoy a relaxing life there. |
C.Participants can learn about the important role of sea. |
D.They provide participants a chance to drive the ship. |