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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:118 题号:16837531

Most adults retreat (后退) into a personal, quiet world inside their heads when they are reading, but we may be missing out on some vital benefits when we do this.

For much of history, reading was a fairly noisy activity. On clay tablets written in ancient Iraq and Syria some 4,000 years ago, the commonly used words for “to read” literally meant “to cry out” or “to listen”. “I am sending a very urgent message,” says one letter from this period. “Listen to this tablet. If it is appropriate, have the king listen to it.”

Today, silent reading is the norm. The majority of us bottle the words in our heads as if sitting in the quiet space of a library. Reading out loud is largely reserved for bedtime stories and performances.

But a growing body of research suggests that we may be missing out by reading only with the voices inside our minds. Colin MacLeod, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo in Canada, and his colleagues have found that people consistently remember words and texts better if they read them aloud than if they read them silently. This memory-boosting effect of reading aloud is particularly strong in children, but it works for older people, too. “It’s beneficial throughout the age range,” says MacLeod.

MacLeod has named this phenomenon the “production effect”. And it has been replicated (复制) in numerous studies spanning more than a decade. In one study in Australia, a group of 7- to 10-year-olds were presented with a list of words and asked to read some silently, and others aloud. Afterwards, they correctly recognized 87% of the words they’d read aloud, but only 70% of the silent ones. In another study, adults aged 67 to 88 were given the same task — reading words either silently or aloud. They were able to recall 27% of the words they had read aloud, but only 10% of those they’d read silently.

The production effect is strongest if we read aloud ourselves. But listening to someone else read can benefit memory in other ways. In a study led by researchers at the University of Perugia in Italy, students read extracts from novels to a group of elderly people with dementia (痴呆) over a total of 60 sessions. The listeners performed better in memory tests after the sessions than before, possibly because the stories made them draw on their own memories and imagination, and helped them sort past experiences into sequences. “It seems that actively listening to a story leads to more intense and deeper information processing,” the researchers concluded.

In a time when our interactions with others and the information we take in are all too transient (短暂的), perhaps it is worth making a bit more time for reading out loud. Perhaps you even gave it a try with this article, and enjoyed hearing it in your own voice?

1. Why does the author mention the ancient clay tablets?
A.To tell the history of silent reading.
B.To indicate the benefits of reading.
C.To explain the ancient meaning of reading.
D.To illustrate the ancient way of reading.
2. What has MacLeod found out?
A.It is very difficult for adults to read out loud.
B.Reading aloud can benefit people regardless of age.
C.Reading aloud is no longer popular in modern life.
D.We can improve our memory by writing down words.
3. What will happen when we listen to a story actively?
A.We will process the information deeply.
B.We will achieve little production effect.
C.We will avoid suffering mental diseases.
D.We will likely reflect on our past experiences.
4. What would be the most suitable title for the text?
A.The best way to improve our memory
B.We should do silent reading properly
C.The surprising power of reading out loud
D.We should encourage kids to read out loud

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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何进行一次愉快安全的出国旅行的一些建议。

【推荐1】Regardless of where you are going, travelling can be quite exciting. Just plan your trip well, and it should be enjoyable. Before you leave, get all the right paperwork in order. Also, keep these tips in mind.

Consider your food allergies(过敏), if you have them, when you are travelling to foreign countries. The more severe your food allergies are, the more important it is to learn key food terms in the local language. This way you can be sure to alert wait staff of your allergies to specific foods and, in the worst situation, be able to inform medical professionals of your condition.

Write down all the important information you will need when going overseas. Addresses, phone numbers, names of hotels and attractions you’re visiting should all be listed. You will need to contact the embassy if you have any trouble. This will be handy should you have difficulties.

When travelling around other countries, beware of fraudulent taxis. Be certain that the taxi is a real taxi before you enter the car. Anybody can add a taxi sign to their car, but they might not be legal.

For extra safety when staying in a hotel, bring a door stopper with you. When you are on the road in countries with little or no development, you want some more security with you in the room while sleeping. If there’s no deadbolt or chain behind the door, put a small, wedge doorstop under the room door before you go to bed.

To keep travelling expense within budget, try making them as far ahead as you can. With so many physical memories available for purchase when you travel, one fact is always true. The sooner you buy them, the cheaper they will be. If you don’t shop at the last minute, you can extend your travel much more.

Take your hotel’s business card and put it in your wallet or purse. This one little item can save you and get you back to where you need to be in case you get lost in a foreign land. This is particularly true if you don’t know the language very well.

When you travel, try your best to educate your family as much as you can along the way. Travelling to foreign lands provides you with an ideal opportunity to teach your children about the workings of the world beyond your own country, and, with just a few sensible precautions, it is also completely safe. The best way to foster tolerance for other cultures in your children is to spend time in other countries with them.

1. Why is the knowledge of key food terms in the local language so important when travelling to foreign countries?
A.Because such knowledge can save you from possible danger.
B.Because the wait staff can be informed of your allergies to specific foods.
C.Because medical professionals can know your condition if you have had food causing your allergy.
D.All the above.
2. The underlined word “fraudulent” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to “_______”?
A.dissatisfyingB.unkindC.dishonestD.unpleasant
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.The first thing you buy during your trip is the cheapest.
B.Travelling to a foreign country is a good way of education.
C.Without a doorstop in the hotel room while you sleep you must be in trouble.
D.The hotel’s business card is not necessary if you are familiar with the local language.
4. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.Tips on how to be safe while travelling abroad.
B.Travelling—a way to gain knowledge.
C.Ways to keep travelling expense within budget.
D.Hotels are very important during your trip to a foreign country.
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【推荐2】Work-Life Balance

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Decide on priorities(优先的事物).     1     You do not need to do everything in one night. Prioritize what needs to be done early in the week and what can be done later. If you are focusing on a few projects, you will do a better job on each assignment.

Don't be an over-achiever. Being an all-around person is good. However, you do not need to be the captain of the football team, the lead in each activity and the employee of the month.       2     And at the same time get your work done and have time to relax or hang out with friends.

    3     If there's an activity that no longer brings you joy, think about whether you really want to continue pursuing it. It's hard to let go of something you've invested in for years, but if it has become a burden with little return for you, it's time to give it uр.

Take care of yourself.     4     Do not sacrifice(牺牲) your health because you are too busy to take care of yourself. A combination of a healthy diet, regular exercise and plenty of sleep helps you relieve stress.

Schedule time for relaxation. Set aside half an hour a day to do something that just makes you feel good. Read a book or a favorite magazine, take a walk or ride your bike.     5    

A.Give up if necessary
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D.Choose one or two things that you really enjoy and do it or them well.
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F.Set goals that you can see yourself achieving within a certain period of time.
G.The time that you take for yourself will help you focus when you finish your work.
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【推荐3】I am about to go to university. I miss my years at high school quite much. Now I have formed my group of friends, with whom I still keep in touch. I was even voted by the students of my class to speak at graduation. But when I was first at high school, I felt lonely. Here are some tips for you new comers to start your high school.

Say hello anytime you see an acquaintance. Because I was always smiling and greeting the people I knew, people naturally thought I was sociable. And high school kids want to be friends with friendly people.

Take the first step. All the girls there already knew each other —they didn't need another friend. But I did, so I had to make the effort, I had to be the first one to invite somebody to go with me to a movie, or over to my house. Once I did, they started to respond in kind.

Make friends slowly. I couldn't get discouraged when it took a while to make friends. Hey, I had already waited an entire year. What's a couple more weeks? Making new friends is hard.

Use classes to get to know people. I met most of my first friends because I sat next to them in class. Class(before, after, or even during class time) is a great chance to start a conversation, ask for homework help, or even better, to extend help when needed.

Above all, remember that it can and will get better. You may have to work a little to make your high school experience a great one, but it's absolutely worth it!

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