Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each wo-组卷网

题型：选词填空-短文选词填空难度：0.65 引用次数：975 题号：1692960

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

As infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the 1 of our mother’s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It’s 2 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don’t learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 3 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 4 for facial recognition.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 5 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such as our clothes or cars, is from 6 in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 7 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 8 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a person’s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 9 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations.

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更新时间：2016-12-12 05:07:22 |

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【知识点】科普知识科学技术

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选词填空-短文选词填空 | 适中 (0.65)

【推荐1】Directions: After reading the passage and the sentences below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

A. bind B. exact C. intently D. covers E. alert F. instantly
G. remains H. springs I. attack J. identify K. triggered

Antibodies play a key role in the immune system. They begin the process of getting rid of the invaders that may cause harm or infection. This lesson 1 how antibodies work and the different kinds of antibodies.

What Are Antibodies?

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins that are produced by the immune system to help stop intruders from harming the body. When an intruder enters the body, the immune system 2 into action. These invaders, which are called antigens (抗原), can be viruses, bacteria, or other chemicals. When an antigen is found in the body, the immune system will create antibodies to mark the antigen for the body to destroy.

Function

The antibodies act sort of like the immune system’s scouts. They find antigens, stick to them, and 3 for the immune system the 4 type of antigen so that it can be destroyed. Each antibody is made for one and only one antigen, and it’s fitted with special receptors that will only 5 to that antigen. For instance, a specific antibody is created to help destroy the chickenpox virus. Only that particular antibody will attack a chickenpox virus.

How Antibodies Fight Antigens

So what happens when an antigen tries to enter the body? When it does, the immune system is 6 . Chemical signals are sent to 7 all the different parts of the immune system into action.

First, the virus is met by a type of cell called B cells. The B cells are responsible for creating antibodies to match the antigen. Remember, each type of antibody matches to only one antigen. After the B cells have created their antibodies, the antibodies stick to the virus, marking it for the next round of 8 . T cells are then ordered to attack the antigen that the antibodies have marked for it.

After the antigen has been destroyed, the cleanup crew comes along. A wave of phagocytes large cells that can consume foreign matter, eats the 9 of the infection.

Immunizations

After an infection is defeated, the antibodies still remain in the body. They are left there to wait in case that particular antigen returns. Immunizations take advantage of the fact that antibodies remain in the body after an infection is eradicated. Most immunizations consist of a weak or diluted form of an antigen-not enough of the antigen to make the patient sick, but just enough to trigger the creation of antibodies. This way, the body can 10 attack any form of the infection it encounters, stopping the infections before they begin.

2020-12-04更新 | 90次组卷

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名校

文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了长期以来，利他主义一直是一个进化之谜。为什么有人会在没有回报的情况下，选择帮助与自己无关的人呢？文章通过研究，给出了答案。

【推荐2】Directions: Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. (E=AB, F=AC, G=AD, H=BC, I=BD)

A. assessed B. aware C. emerged D. identified E. ordinary
F. replicated G. reward H. responsibility I. survivors

We Could Be Heroes

Altruism has long been an evolutionary mystery. Why would anyone choose to help somebody not related to them, with no promise of 1 ? The usual answer is that such behaviour is an adaptation: for example, groups in which it 2 would have been more united, and hence more successful. But what about acts of extreme altruism? Can we ever understand why some people risk — and sometimes lose — their lives for a stranger?

To try to answer this question, Samuel Oliner, a sociologist, and his wife Pearl set up the Altruistic Personality and Prosocial Behavior Institute at Humboldt State University in 1982. In one of their first studies, still the largest of its kind, they interviewed and psychologically 3 406 people who had risked their lives to rescue Jew in Nazi-occupied Europe, along with 72 people who had lived in occupied areas but had done nothing out of the 4 . A number of things became clear. The rescuers were much more sympathetic than the non-rescuers, and they also supported values of fairness, compassion and personal 5 towards strangers that they said they had learned from their parents.

What’s more, they were unusually tolerant: the people they 6 as their “in group” consisted of the whole of humanity, not just their own kind. As Kristen Monroe at the University of California, Irvine, who has studied the psychology of Holocaust rescuers, puts it: “Where the rest of us see a stranger, an altruist sees a fellow human being.”

Samuel Oliner says his finding has held up in all their follow-up studies. It has also been 7 by psychologists Eva Fogelman, whose father, too, owed his wartime survival to the generosity of Polish farmers. Fogelman has spent much of her career studying the psychological effects of the Holocaust on 8 and their families. In her book Conscience and Courage, she recalls her conversations with about 300 rescuers of Jews: I began after a while to wait for the recital of one or more of those well-known passages: a loving home; an altruistic parent or beloved caretaker who served as a role model for altruistic behavior, a tolerance for people who were different.”

2023-05-07更新 | 63次组卷

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【推荐3】Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Scientists have proved what students have long suspected: Maths equations can actually trigger physical pain.

Regions of the brain linked with the experience of physical 1 were activated in those fearful of maths when they were presented with a tough equation, researchers have found. The higher a person’s anxiety of a maths task, the more it 2 activity in regions of their brain associated with visceral (内脏的) threat detection, and often the experience of pain itself.

However, the researchers say their study examines the pain response associated with anticipating an anxiety-provoking event, rather than the pain associated with a 3 event itself. A maths task itself is not painful but 4 the thought of it is highly unpleasant to certain people.

“Maths can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMAs), math is associated with tension, apprehension (忧虑) and fear,” the researchers said in their paper titled. When Math Hurts. “ 5 , this relation was not seen during math performance, 6 that it is not that math itself hurts, rather, the anticipation of math is painful. These results may also provide a potential neural mechanism to explain why (people with) HMAs tend to 7 math and math-related situations, which in turn can bias (使有偏见) (those with) high levels of mathematics-anxiety away from taking math classes or even entire math-related 8 paths. We provide the first neural 9 indicating the nature of the subjective experience of math-anxiety.

Other forms of psychological stress, such as social 10 or a traumatic break-up, can also elicit feeling of physical pain.”

2019-08-29更新 | 142次组卷

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文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在先进科技的帮助下，将会出现的智能家居。

【推荐1】Choose the correct words from the box and fill in the blanks.

energy-saving superb affection react to
follow facilities manless combined

Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our 1 , and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, we will be using 2 technology every day for 3 control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use 4 sensors to tell when you leave home each morning and then go into an 5 mode all by itself. You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily routine and 6 , so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or T'V programs, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. All controls will 7 voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will 8 .

2023-02-04更新 | 46次组卷

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文章大意：这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科技取代的工作比创造的工作之间的关系以及相关的研究。

【推荐2】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. advances B. combed C. net D. heads E. automation F. modest
G. comprehensive H. thinned I. prior J. underlie K. unearth

Does technology replace more jobs than it creates? What is the 1 balance between these two things? Until now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine 2 , and how many have been generated through “augmentation (增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has generated.

“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades. from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades 3 .” says Autor. However, that finding is only one of the study’s 4 . The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n) 5 look at the text of U. S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, to quantify the effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.

The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940. To determine this, Autor and his colleagues 6 through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined how words were “embedded” in the census and patent documents to 7 related passages of text. That allowed them to determine links between new technologies and their effects on employment.

From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter tended to get automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department 8 , and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been 9 by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.

Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more 10 , and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.

2024-05-25更新 | 36次组卷

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选词填空-短文选词填空 | 适中 (0.65)

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着因特网以及伴随它而生的产物，很多人担心阅读会消亡，事实上，它不仅幸存下来，它还兴旺得很。

【推荐3】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. digest       B. survived       C. barely       D. available
E. literate       F. unlimited       G. thinking       H. connectivity
I. arguably       J. remade       K. concentration

There’s been a warning about the immediate death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to bring disaster for the written world. None did. Reading 1 ; in fact, it has thrived. The world is more 2 than ever before—there are more and more readers, and more and more books.

The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry about. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has 3 shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Amazon’s Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.

As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are now 4 . Inter-connectivity allow for a reading experience that was 5 imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with a(n) 6 number of links: to texts, pictures and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.

On the other hand, there is the danger of underestimating. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long “ 7 of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation (碎片化) of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed 8 of the internet will reduce our attention span—that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep 9 .

In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be 10 each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modern technology as well as make sense of a dynamic yet confusing world.

2023-03-24更新 | 110次组卷

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