Fear is a feeling, and like all feelings, it’s made by your brain.
But sometimes you can be terribly afraid of something that’s not really dangerous, like insects or bad dreams. Or you may have a fear that makes sense, but is too much.
You can never be away from fear completely. Fear is built into your brain.
When fear rises, it can be hard to think clearly and keep your cool. But with practice, you can manage fear.
Practicing for scary situations can help you act properly and quickly without freezing up. If you are nervous about having to give a speech in front of a class or meeting, practicing can help you focus on the speech, not the fear. Fear is an uncontrollable reaction, but the way we deal with it is not. It takes practice to learn to stay calm in scary situations, but it can be done.
| A．You can’t control fear. |
| B．Fear can be a good thing. |
| C．No one is actually fearless. |
| D．Fear is a feeling with one job. |
| E．Also, practice can quiet your fear. |
| F．Your brain will tell you what to do. |
| G．After all, learning is what the brain does best. |
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【推荐1】In the digital age, it has become easy for students to find and copy published material. Copying another person’s writing without giving them credit is called plagiarism. Universities in the U.S. have rules for avoiding plagiarism. But learning to correctly follow these rules can be difficult for some international students.
Copyright law protects original works of authorship including books, movies, images and artworks. However, the law permits the unlicensed use for activities including comment, education and research. Therefore, students can include a small part of copyrighted works in their writing and research if they provide credit, or citation (引文), to the creators of the works. Many universities even urge students to give credit to what they get from conversations with professors or other students. Harvard even warns students about copying themselves. That is, they cannot hand in the same work for more than one class without the permission of their instructors.
It is easy for professors to know whether a student has plagiarized. First, there are computer programs that compare students’ papers to large databases of published writing. The programs can identify whether students have copied published writing. Second, if English is not a student’s first language, a professor might recognize a change in vocabulary and writing style. The punishment for plagiarism can vary. Professors could simply warn a student not to do it again, lower their grade, or they may fail the student in that class. In more extreme cases, a student may be temporarily banned from school.
There are free tools students can use. Zotero is a free, open-source program that helps organize all the research a student may use. For example, it can automatically create citations and combine them into a list. The Purdue OWL is another free resource. Many universities also have writing centers where students can learn the citation rules. And another way is to read published papers and pay attention to how information is presented. Students should observe when and how citations are used, which can help them learn the rules of citations.
1. What must students do when using a small part of copyrighted works?| A．Have a conversation with professors. | B．Ask for permission from the authors. |
| C．Offer credit to the original creators. | D．Explain the purpose of using them. |
| A．By making a specific comparison. |
| B．By recording the students’ learning experience. |
| C．By learning the students’ first language. |
| D．By researching into the database of writing. |
| A．The tips on when citations are used. |
| B．The ways of making a citation safe. |
| C．The rules of using free resource. |
| D．The free resources on the website. |
| A．Learning Plagiarism in the Digital Age |
| B．Commenting on Students’ Plagiarism |
| C．Realizing the Influence of Plagiarism |
| D．Following Rules to Avoid Plagiarism |
【推荐2】The Power of Insensitivity
Highly sensitive(敏感的)person, or HSP, is a term invented by psychologist Elaine Aron. HSPs can come with many challenges. They may find it hard to adapt to new surroundings, and easily become uncomfortable in response to certain feelings or others’ opinions.
The power of insensitivity can be explained as “slow power”. Usually, people connect “insensitivity” with something bad, but indeed, it stresses the ability to keep doing something difficult without complaining.
There are some ways to practice “insensitivity”: Don’t pay too much attention to the ups and downs of life at the moment.
Everyone can gain the ability to be insensitive.
| A．Insensitivity plays a significant role. |
| B．Rather, you should be looking forward. |
| C．That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. |
| D．Once you slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. |
| E．Those not easily affected are the people who care less about others. |
| F．That is, calmly facing the downtime in life and moving towards one’s own direction. |
| G．One reason why insensitivity allows people to better survive is the strong self-awareness. |
【推荐3】When big news breaks, it's easy to get caught up in following the story online. The Internet can be a place to find useful information.
Here's some advice that parents can offer kids to help them be quicker to judge as they consume news online.
Use social media wisely. Some say Twitter is a great source of news in the first few minutes of a tragedy.
Be skeptical.
Keep it age-appropriate. Kids aren't always ready to digest big, tragic news - especially if the news is about kids, such as school shootings or abuses. The constant repetition of information can be confusing for younger kids, and at the beginning of a news event, parents might not be able to offer any correct answers.
| A．Remember, breaking news is often wrong. |
| B．It also can be the source of misinformation. |
| C．If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. |
| D．Make sure you and your kids aren't falling victim to false news. |
| E．However, after that it just becomes messy and largely inaccurate. |
| F．With social media at your fingertips, it's convenient to express your opinion. |
| G．Kids who are eager to learn more about certain events can check kid-guided news sources. |
【推荐1】If you’re feeling empty, you’re not alone. Many of us feel empty in different ways. For instance, you might feel empty because something is missing in your life. Or the emptiness might stem from slowly abandoning yourselves, not listening to your own hopes and desires. Abandoning yourselves can also spark anxiety, depression, guilt and shame,
Acknowledge the emptiness. If you're experiencing emptiness that's more like a gaping hole, acknowledge it, and be gentle with yourself.
Explore your feelings of emptiness. Scientists suggested exploring the below questions. We can do this while journaling, taking a walk or drinking a cup of tea.
●Do I tell myself positive things?
●What am I trying to prove or win?
●
●Am I blaming myself for things that are out of my control?
| A．Explore your current feelings. |
| B．Spend time with yourself every day. |
| C．How do you handle your emptiness? |
| D．Don’t heat yourself up for feeling this way. |
| E．Have I been judging myself or comparing myself to others? |
| F．Do you spend too much time on TV, computer games or anything else? |
| G．It is important to acknowledge and accept your feelings of emptiness. |
【推荐2】Picture this: you’re between video meetings, and skimming your social media. Headlines like “Death rate continues to rise”, and “COVID-19 may cause long-term health risks” flash across your screen. Your mood takes a dive, but you can’t stop.
If this rings true for you, you’re not alone. Research on the effects of bad news on mood suggests exposure to negative COVID news is likely to be harmful to our stable emotion. For instance, one study conducted in March 2020 involving more than 6,000 Americans found that the more time participants spent consuming COVID news in a day, the unhappier they felt.
To find out more, researchers conducted a study where they showed hundreds of people real-world content on either Twitter or YouTube for two to four minutes. The Twitter feeds and YouTube videos featured either general news about COVID, or news about kindness during COVID. Researchers then measured these participants’ moods using a questionnaire, and compared their moods with participants who did not engage with any content at all.
The result was shocking. People who were shown general COVID-related news experienced lower moods than people who were shown nothing at all. Meanwhile, people who were shown COVID news stories involving acts of kindness didn’t experience the same decline in mood, but also didn’t gain the boost in mood they’d predicted.
These findings suggest that spending as little as two to four minutes consuming negative news about COVID-19 can have a harmful impact on our mood. Although researchers didn’t see an improvement in mood among participants who were shown positive news stories involving acts of kindness, this may be because the stories were still related to COVID. In other researches, positive news stories have been associated with improvements in mood.
So what can we do to look after ourselves, and make our time on social media more pleasant? One option is to delete our social media accounts altogether. Figures show almost half of Facebook users in the UK and the US considered leaving the platform in 2020. Or it may be more realistic to seek out or spread content that makes you happy. This may be images of cute kittens, beautiful landscapes, delicious food videos or something else.
1. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the research?| A．The conclusion. | B．The reason. | C．The procedure. | D．The problem. |
| A．A brave Chinese teacher saved a drowning boy. | B．Japanese volcanic eruption killed many people. |
| C．A big fire broke out in French St Paul’s Cathedral. | D．Beijing Olympic Committee held a press conference. |
| A．People feel negative because of the news online. |
| B．Positive stories greatly improved participants’ mood. |
| C．Research shows COVID news may make people feel sad. |
| D．50% of the Facebook users have stopped using Facebook. |
| A．COVID-19 and Health Risks | B．Proper Ways to Use Social Media |
| C．Social Media’s Effect on Our Mood | D．Virtual Social Media and Real World |
【推荐3】A young Jewish girl begins a diary just as World War II is about to break out in Europe. She records the details of her daily life, but more than that. Eventually, the diary comes to a heartbreaking end with the girl shot to death by the Nazis. However, it’s not the story of Anne Frank. This is Renia’s Diary, a journal that was hidden for years in a safe box. Now it’s coming to light with the help of Renia’s sister and niece.
For a long time, Elizabeth didn’t even know that her older sister Renia had kept a diary as a teenager in Poland. Then suddenly one day in the 50s, Elizabeth got the diary and started to read it. She was totally stunned and couldn’t get very far. “It was too painful to read it,” Elizabeth recalls. “I just put it in the basement and didn’t think about it.”
Alexandra, Elizabeth’s daughter, grew up knowing about the locked diary. As Alexandra got older, she was more interested in it. “If I could read this diary, maybe I’ll explore some things from the past,” she thought.
She got the diary from its hiding place. When she read it, Alexandra was shocked. “It’s the description of a wonderful girl who showed great courage in terrible times. My aunt’s world comes to life as the diary shifts between a teenage girl’s daily life and the war.”
Elizabeth and her daughter Alexandra are excited that the diary will be published. “It is a story that needs to be heard now more than ever. We should never repeat the same types of racism(种族主义) and hate that lead to violence,” Alexandra says.
1. Why was Renia’s Dairy unknown to the world for so many years?| A．The story is not as famous as Anne Frank’s. |
| B．It was lost in the war and no one found it. |
| C．Alexandra was afraid to read it. |
| D．Renia’s sister kept it a secret. |
| A．Embarrassed. | B．Bored. |
| C．Excited. | D．Shocked. |
| A．She was curious about her aunt’s experience. |
| B．She wanted to comfort her mother. |
| C．She planned to publish her aunt’s dairy. |
| D．She decided to prove how strong Renia was. |
| A．A girl fighting against the racism and hate |
| B．Renia’s Diary is to come to light |
| C．Discovering the history of a Jewish family |
| D．A Jewish family in World War II |
