【推荐1】It is late autumn—millions of gardeners across the northern hemisphere, pulled on their thickest sweaters, spent hours clearing large piles of leaves and packed them into plastic bags at the end of driveways.

In the US alone, nearly 10 million tonnes of garden waste go to landfill every year. That is a large amount of effort, not just from an environmental viewpoint but from that of our aching backs, too. So where does this advice come from? Well, it largely comes from the belief that thick fallen leaves can make plants under them unable to breathe, especially shorter grass. They shut down important photosynthesis (光合作用) and get in the way of the growth of the shorter grass. However, this received wisdom has recently been questioned by researchers at Wisconsin University.

The key finding of their new research was that although clearing fallen leaves is one of the most common gardening practices, it makes very little sense. In natural ecosystems, fallen leaves help return nutrients necessary for healthy plant growth to the soil, which greatly improves soil condition. Removing leaves year after year breaks this ecological (生态的) balance. Letting some leaves stick around to cover your garden is a great way to help your grass and the local ecosystem.

They further explained that if up to 50percent of your grass lawn (草坪) is covered by fallen leaves, you might as well go back indoors and put your feet up. The advantages of this light leaf coverage far outweigh the disadvantages—the leaves will quickly break down and help next year’s lawn grow far better than if you had cleared them. Only at over 50 percent coverage do the Wisconsin researchers recommend clearing.

So why not consider leaving the leaves? Save time, carbon and effort, and in exchange get a healthier lawn from this garden waste—that seems like a pretty good deal. And how many plastic bags could be saved by simply not binning fallen leaves every year? In the US alone, about 700 million.

It is a great, big, wide-open sky over our heads, but when you are flying in a jet airliner at 600 miles an hour, the sky is not so big. That’s part of the reason why, in the first four months of this year, the government said only 72 percent of all flights arrived on time, the lowest number since the recent system of reporting began in 1995.

The runways are full, the planes are jammed, and air traffic controllers complain they’re stressed out. And the radar systems that keep things going are, in large part, technology of the 1960s. “It’s like driving down the road with a paper bag over your head, and you’re trying to stay out of the way of other cars,” says Captain Karen Lee, a 747 pilot who heads operations for UPS, the delivery service.

At its center in Louisville, UPS is experimenting with the next generation in air traffic control: planes guided by the satellites of the Global Positioning System, instead of radar.

Though it has advanced greatly over the years, radar is a technology that dates back to the second World War . It scans the sky, looking for signals from planes in the air. Typically, air traffic radar only updates a plane’s position once every 12 seconds or so—and in 12 seconds, a jet can move two miles or make a turn. What’s more, radar signals can be blocked by storms or mountains. But with GPS signals, pilots can see in real time exactly where they are, and where other planes are, too. A readout screen in the cockpit (驾驶舱) tells the pilots what’s around them.

“What we end up with is a very exact location for each aircraft in the system,” said Basil Barimo of the Air Transport Association, which represents airlines.

【推荐2】Read this Medication Guide before you start using RYBELSUS® and each time you get are fill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your health-care provider about your medical condition or your treatment.

What is RYBELSUS®?

RYBELSUS® is a medicine used along with diet and exercise to improve blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes(糖尿病). RYBELSUS® is not recommended as the first choice of medicine for treating diabetes. RYBELSUS® is not for use in patients with type l diabetes. It is not known if RYBELSUS® is safe and effective for use in children under 18 years of age.

How should I take RYBELSUS®:

*Take RYBELSUS® exactly as your health-care provider tells you to.

*Take RYBELSUS® by mouth on an empty stomach when you first wake up.

*Do not split, crush or chew. Swallow RYBELSUS® whole.

RYBELSUS® works best if you eat 30 to 60 minutes after taking RYBELSUS®. If you miss a dose of RYBELSUS®, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular schedule.

What are the possible side effects of RYBELSUS®?

RYBELSUS® may cause serious side effects, including:

*changes in vision. Tell your health-care provider if you have changes in vision during treatment with RYBELSUS®.

*low blood sugar. Your risk for getting low blood sugar may be higher if you use RYBELSUS® with another medicine that can cause low blood sugar.

*serious allergic reactions. Stop using RYBELSUS® and get medical help right away, if you have any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction including itching rash, or difficulty breathing.