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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:192 题号:18649882

On average, wildfires destroy over 6 million acres of land each year in the US. Last year, the U.S. Forest Service spent over $1 billion fighting those fires, mostly out West. Blazes start easily where there’s plenty of dry fuel, such as dead grass, sticks and other dried plants. Knowing how much fuel is available can help fire management teams know where and when to be on high alert. And a teen has figured out a way to home in on such areas quickly.

Nadine Han, 13, is a seventh grader at Boston Latin School. When she built a robot three years ago with FIRST LEGO League, hers was designed to prevent wildfires. When the girl’s family visited Yellowstone National Park, later that year, what did they see? Evidence of wildfires. So Nadine followed up on that theme for her science fair project, and decided to find out how to predict wildfires.

The teen learned about a satellite called SMAP. Launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 2015, it detects how wet or dry the soil is. It also can tell whether that moisture (水分) is frozen or liquid. SMAP’s data soil moisture can be combined with other data to determine the vegetation water content, meaning the amount of water present in the plants. SMAP’s data and the vegetation water content data are both freely available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. For her project, the teen downloaded a year’s worth of data.

Having compared plant water content and fuel moisture data for 1,413 different locations, she found that an increase in plant water content measured by the satellite was linked with an increase in fuel moisture as measured on the ground. For her study, 87% of the sites showed such a link.

“This suggests it’s feasible to use satellite data to estimate fuel moisture on the ground,” Nadine concludes. The teen now hopes her technique will help land managers determine fire risks more quickly. Next, Nadine hopes to make a computer program that will estimate fire risk using satellite data.

1. What is implied about wildfires in the United States in Paragraph 1?
A.They are a natural phenomenon.
B.They happen less frequently year by year.
C.They’re mostly caused by human activities.
D.They cause damage to most of the land in the US.
2. What made Nadine Han decide to research into the prediction of wildfires?
A.Her interest in scientific research.
B.Her success in creating a robot.
C.Her involvement in a wildfire.
D.Her visit to a national park.
3. What does the underlined word “feasible” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Challenging.B.Practicable.C.Valuable.D.Necessary.
4. What can be learned about the teen’s research into wildfires?
A.She invested a lot of money in collecting data.
B.She has designed a computer program.
C.She got guidance from land managers.
D.She’s confident about her research results.
【知识点】 发明与创造 记叙文

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文章大意:本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了手表是如何被带到瑞士的故事。

【推荐1】Switzerland(瑞士)is famous for its watches. However, this country didn’t invent the watch. It was the British who did it. Here is a story of how the watch was brought to Switzerland.

Many years ago, an Englishman was traveling to Italy. On his way he stopped in a small town in South Switzerland. This Englishman traveled in a carriage (马车) inside which there was a carriage watch. This was the earliest kind of watch. A native (本地的) shop assistant happened to see the watch. He wondered what it was and asked the Englishman about it, “It is a carriage watch,” said the man. “This machine tells the time but now it isn’t working.”

At once the shop assistant offered to try to repair it. So the traveler handed him the watch. The assistant was a very wise man. So it was not surprising that he managed to repair it. He even remembered how it was made. As soon as the traveler had gone on his journey, he made a watch exactly of the same kind.

Thus the watch-making was started in Switzerland. Today Swiss (瑞士的) watches are sold in stores all over the world.

1. Switzerland is famous for ________.
A.making watchesB.selling watches
C.inventing watchesD.the carriage watch
2. The earliest watches were made in ________.
A.SwitzerlandB.ItalyC.EnglandD.a small town
3. The first Swiss watch was made by________ .
A.an Italian shop assistant
B.a man who came from Switzerland
C.an English shop assistant
D.a man who was traveling to Italy
2022-12-21更新 | 32次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中 (0.65)
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍智能服装或将入驻我们的未来衣橱。

【推荐2】In the movie “The Wrong Trousers”, a pair of futuristic trousers lets people walk on walls and ceilings. Inspired by the movie, researchers in England created “The Right Trousers”, a set of trousers embedded(嵌入) with electrical pumps to force air into tiny tubes that expand and can help elderly or disabled people with issues like getting up or improving blood flow.   Now, material scientists, computer programmers and fabric designers are working to advance robotic clothing.

In June, researchers in Australia created robotic fibers, which can make fabric move automatically. Last year, scientists at MIT built fiber batteries that could be embedded into clothes and power robotic clothing. In recent years, Google partnered with brands like Levi’s and Adidas to put sensors in jackets, backpacks and shoes, letting users access their phones instantly. Researchers said they could soon unlock an era where clothing will act more like a computer, sensing how your body feels and telling your clothes how to help.

At the University of New South Wales in Australia, researchers are creating fabrics that can shape-shift. Thanh Nho Do, a senior lecturer at the school, said his team has created tiny tubes that can weave into sheets of fabric. These tubes can make fabric take various preprogrammed shapes. But challenges still remain for Do’s team, notably around making these robotic tubes smaller so they can weave easily with other fabrics.

Rebecca Kramer Bottiglio from Yale University agreed that many challenges remain before smart clothing “reaches their full potential.” It will be challenging to make these clothes, equipped with fibers and technology, strong enough to go through multiple cycles in the laundry, she said. Despite that, she says researchers will figure out a way forward. “Recent breakthroughs point toward a not-so-distant future where smart clothing will be a part of our everyday life.” she said.

1. What inspired the researchers to come up with “The Right Trousers”?
A.A film.
B.A blood issue.
C.The way electrical pumps work.
D.The way the elderly and disabled move.
2. What did scientists at MIT do last year?
A.They put sensors in clothes.
B.They created movable robotic fibers.
C.They made batteries for robotic clothing.
D.They released smart clothing connected to cellphones.
3. What does Do’s team find challenging?
A.Making robotic tubes smaller.
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C.Producing stronger robotic tubes.
D.Programming the shape of robotic tubes.
4. What is Rebecca’s attitude toward the future of smart clothing?
A.Doubtful.B.Indifferent.C.Worried.D.Hopeful.
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【推荐3】Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds(化合物;复合物) that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely.

The Arizona desert is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration (脱水) within three days unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at the University of Califormnia, Berkeley. Although daytime wetness is only about 10 percent, this rises to 40 percent at night, which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life-if it can be transformed into liquid form.

That's exactly what Yaghi's invention does. It's about the size of a small microwave oven, designed to suck the water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules (分子) onto the surface of is internal small holes. Warm-it up and get the water, each harvest producing one-third of a cup of pure drinking water.“A device the size of a washing machine could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household," says Yaghi.

These crystalline (结晶的) groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces.       In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases.

MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structure. In fact, one MOF the size of a sugar cube has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable, light and have many different uses: their molecular structure can be varied to attract specific molecules. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what it's holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.

1. Why is the Arizona desert mentioned in the second paragraph?
A.To introduce water harvesters.
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C.To show the severity of its condition.
D.To express the urgent need for water there.
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A.Solar energy.
B.Water molecules.
C.Metal-organic frameworks.
D.MOFs' internal small holes.
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A.refer toB.tend toC.hold ontoD.turn into
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2020-10-31更新 | 40次组卷
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