If you’ve ever eaten a free doughnut (甜甜圈) on the first Friday in June, you’ve celebrated the Doughnut Lassies — whether you realized it or not. National Doughnut Day was established to honor the Salvation Army volunteers who fried sugary snacks for World War I soldiers on the front line.
When the US entered World War I in 1917, the Salvation Army, a charity organization, sent about 250 volunteers (who were mostly women) to France, where the American army was stationed. The plan was to bring treats and supplies as close to the front line as possible. But the closer the volunteers got to the action, the fewer resources they could access.
Margaret Sheldon and Helen Purviance were credited with bringing doughnuts to the Wester Front. They had a handful of ingredients, including flour, sugar, animal fats, baking powder and canned milk. Doughnuts were one of the few sweet foods they could make without an oven, and once they had a fire hot enough to heat the oil, they could fry them up fast. The women had the pan to cook them in, but for other parts, they had to get creative. For example, grape juice bottles became rolling pins (擀面杖) when necessary.
Sheldon and Purviance’s pan could fit seven doughnuts at a time, and on day one, they made just 150 doughnuts for the group of 800 men. The soldiers even fought over a doughnut. Then they made some changes to their operation, and eventually made 5,000 doughnuts a day. The snacks were so popular that the volunteers earned the nickname “Doughnut Lassies”, while the soldiers they served were nicknamed “Doughboys”.
The Doughnut Lassies’ impact didn’t end with World War Ⅰ. The American soldiers’ experiences overseas made doughnuts a commonly eaten food for them back home.
1. What is the purpose of the Salvation Army in sending the volunteers?| A．To learn about life on the front line. | B．To provide French soldiers with food. |
| C．To bring food and supplies to the front line. | D．To increase the number of soldiers on the front line. |
| A．Soldiers preferred doughnuts. | B．They were best at making doughnuts. |
| C．Doughnuts allowed them to be creative. | D．Doughnuts were their best choice then. |
| A．They felt hopeless. | B．They were confused. |
| C．They were encouraged. | D．They became a bit angry. |
| A．Doughnuts were more popular out of the US. |
| B．The American soldiers got tired of doughnuts. |
| C．The Doughnut Lassies’ impact didn’t last long. |
| D．Doughnuts became popular in the US after the war. |
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【推荐1】A food additive (添加剂) is any substance that is added to food. Many people are put off by the idea of “chemicals in food.” The truth is that all food is made up of chemicals. Natural substances (物质)like milk, as well as man-made ones like drinks on sale in the market, can be described by chemical formulas. Some chemical substances are indeed harmful, but a person who refused to consume any chemicals would find nothing to eat.
The things we eat can be divided into natural and man-made substances. Some people feel that only natural foods are healthy and that all man-made ingredients are to be avoided. But many natural chemicals, found in plants and animals, are harmful when eaten, and some laboratory-made substances increase the nutritional value of food. Other chemicals have natural and man-made forms that are exactly alike: vitamin C is vitamin C, whether it comes from a test tube or from an orange. Like “chemical”, “man-made” doesn’t necessarily mean “not fit to eat”.
Food additives are used for many reasons. We add sugar and salt and other things to foods we prepare at home to make them taste better. Food producers have developed a range of additives that stabilize, thicken, harden, keep wet, keep firm, or improve the appearance of their products.
Additives can make food more convenient or nutritious, give it a longer shelf life, and make it more attractive to the consumer, thus increasing the sales and profits of the producers.
Food additives are presently the centre of a storm of serious argument. Food producers have been known to use additives that have not been proved safe; some substances in common use have been proved unsafe and have been taken off the market. Many people feel there’s a risk of eating food to which anything has been added. But food additives are now regulated by the FDA of the federal government, and new additives will go through strict testing before they can be placed on the market. For most people, the chances of developing serious side effects from the long-term use of presently approved (批准) food additives are very small.
1. From the passage we can learn that ______ .| A．it is right to refuse chemicals in food |
| B．all foods have chemical substances |
| C．food additives are harmful to our health |
| D．natural foods are much safer than man-made ones |
| A．Foods without additives can keep a much longer shelf life. |
| B．Foods with more additives have higher nutritional value. |
| C．To ensure food safety, the FDA will stop food additives. |
| D．Food additives can improve the quality of foods in many ways. |
| A．poisonous | B．worrying | C．avoidable | D．acceptable |
【推荐2】Coffee Valley
Coffee Valley is a small coffee shop. While the first floor has limited seating, there are outlets for each seat. If you don’t need to charge, the second floor is much more spacious with an area that can accommodate groups of up to four people. They also have a good selection of snacks to accompany your coffee.
Date: Open daily. Time: 8 A. M.-8 P. M. (From 9 A. M. on weekends).
10° Cafe
10° Cafe is the perfect place for early birds. For some peace and quiet, work on the second floor. At 10° Cafe, each seat has power outlets while their counter seats offer a great view of the surrounding neighborhood. Their menu prices before 11 A. M.offer discounted (打折的) breakfast.
Date: Daily (Closed every third Sunday of the month). Time: 7:30 A. M.-9 P. M.
Location: A five-minute walk from Takadanobaba Station.
Good Sound Coffee
Come for the coffee, and stay for their music selection. Good Sound Coffee is a friendly neighborhood cafe close to Nakameguro Station. There are indoor and outdoor seats and plenty of outlets. It might get crowded on the weekends, and the cafe offers discounts on food items.
Date: Daily. Time:8 A. M.-1 1 P. M.
Valley Park Stand
Valley Park Stand opens from early in the morning to late in the evening. There are public tables with power outlets. It’s spacious with lots of natural light a few steps away from the Miyashita Park. There is a decently sized menu with tea, coffee and various sandwiches and bites.
Date:Daily Time:8A. M.-10 P. M.
1. What is the special part of 10° Cafe?| A．It opens to the late night. |
| B．It has one day off each month. |
| C．It offers different delicious snacks. |
| D．It’s not far from the Ikebukuro Station. |
| A．10° Cafe.. | B．Coffee Valley. | C．Valley Park Stand. | D．Good Sound Coffee. |
| A．A guide book. | B．A private diary. | C．A news report. | D．A short story. |
【推荐3】What do a student in China, an office worker in the UK and an astronaut in space all have in common?
Put simply, they’re cheap to produce and buy, which was exactly what their creator planned. Momofuku Ando, a Japanese businessman, spent a year perfecting the recipe(食谱)just after World War Ⅱ. He wanted to make something similar to traditional Japanese noodles, while using the wheat flour(面粉)given to Japan as food aid by the US government.
But it’s not just the Japanese who love instant noodles. China, Indonesia, Vietnam and India—in that order—all ate more instant noodles than Japan in 2021.
However, instant noodles are undoubtedly lifesavers in emergency or extreme situations. More than 60 years after their invention, instant noodles have become the best choice for anyone short on money, time, or even a kitchen.
| A．But how did this happen? |
| B．They all eat instant noodles. |
| C．But how did they make instant noodles? |
| D．Instant noodles have their disadvantages, too. |
| E．It is no secret that many Asians love eating instant noodles. |
| F．His creation was instantly popular, playing a part in Japan’s post-war rise. |
| G．Instant noodles are popular, partly because they are easy to adapt to local tastes. |
【推荐1】A mile is a common unit of measurement for distance. We, at times, need to convert (转换) miles into other units of measurement. The most popular, of course, is converting to kilometres, when you want to convert something like MPH (miles per hour) to KMPH (kilometres per hour). Other popular units of conversion include feet, yards, and inches.
Long, long ago, when the Romans ruled over British lands, they used a measurement unit that was known as the “mille passuum”, which meant nothing but a thousand paces. This was measured by soldiers marching a thousand paces, or 5,000 Roman feet. By traditional standards, this measures out to be about 1,479 metres, or about 1,617 yards, and is today known as the Roman Mile.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the British came up with their own system of measurement. In their system, they used a “furlong”,which was the distance a horse could travel pulling a plow before stopping for rest, to measure distances. 1 furlong was equal to about 660 feet, making the mile 8 furlongs.
These and other similar methods led to a varied measurement of the mile. This was solved,to some extent, with the adoption of the international yard and pound measurements, which were agreed upon by 6 countries. There were exactly 1,760 yards in a mile using this system. While the US follows the International Mile, they also use the US Survey Mile or the Statute Mile,which measures 1,609.347 219 metres, or about 3.2 mm longer than the International Mile.
The statute mile was defined by an English Act of Parliament during the time of Queen Elizabeth I. It states:“A Mile shall contain eight Furlongs, every Furlong forty Poles, and every Pole shall contain sixteen Foot and a half.” This also works out to be about 1,760 yards, 5280 feet, or 1,609 metres.
Besides these, there is the Metric Mile, which is used in sporting events where distance is to be measured, like track and field events. The Nautical Mile is a measurement used in sea and air travel.
1. In most cases, we need to convert miles into .| A．inches | B．feet | C．yards | D．kilometres |
| A．0.2958. | B．0.3234. | C．1479. | D．1617. |
| A．The Roman Mile and the Statute Mile. |
| B．The British Mile and the Metric Mile. |
| C．The British Mile and the US Survey Mile. |
| D．The Roman Mile and the International Mile. |
| A．popular during the time of Queen Elizabeth I |
| B．defined by an English Act of Parliament |
| C．shared and adopted by six countries |
| D．used by the entire Roman Empire |
【推荐2】BEIJING/SAO PAULO-Chinese traditions like cockfighting, like-flying and fireworks have been quite common in Brazil for many years.
Despite the thousands of kilometers between them, China’s historical and artistic mark on Brazil has existed for about 300 years, said Brazilian sinologist (汉学家) Jose Roberto Teixeira Leite in his book China in Brazil. “Influences from China can date from the colonial period, even up to the time after after Brazil’s independence.” The commercial relationship between the two countries has existed for a long time, he noted, adding that incoming ships would fill up Brazilian cities like Salvador, Rio de Janeiro and Recife with Chinese products like porcelain (瓷器), silk and fans He also found Chinese influence not only in the arts and architecture of Brazil but also in the most diverse areas of Brazilian society, like the economy, medicine and popular culture. “At the end of the 19th century, in Pernambuco, (a state in northeastern Brazil), there was a custom that children slept with clothes decorated with Chinese dragons.” Teixeira added.
The book took him about 15 years to finish. “The impact of the book surprised me, though it was published by a university publisher and it had a print run of just 1,000 copies,” he said. “Some have said that the book represents a turning point in Chinese studies in Brazil.”
Besides, the sinologist did research on the mark and presence of China in the architecture and arts of Brazil. “It was through art that China awoke in me, first, curiosity, after that, interest, and finally, passion,” Teixeira said.
In 1992, the sinologist visited Macao to do research for his doctoral thesis about the marks and presence of China in Brazil, and that trip impressed him a lot. In 2013, Teixeira had a chance to visit the Chinese cities of Bejing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, and got to know “the past and present of the great country culturally, as well as its incredible material development.”
1. What does the underlined sentence imply?| A．Brazilian children’s love for dragons as Chinese children. |
| B．The development of China-Brazil frequent trade cooperation. |
| C．A further understanding of the cultures of the two countries. |
| D．China’s influence on most diverse areas of Brazilian society. |
| A．Children’s clothes. | B．The sinologist’s traveling. |
| C．The sinologist’s book. | D．China’s porcelain. |
| A．Chinese art. | B．Chinese customs. |
| C．The history of China. | D．China’s development. |
| A．The Impression of China on Sinologist. |
| B．China and Brazil in Eyes of Sinologist |
| C．An Introduction to Sinologist’s New Book |
| D．The Future of China-Brazil Trade Relations |
In the radio room, ship California’s operator Cyril Evans listened to the radio-talk between a nearby passenger ship and the telegraph station on the Canadian island of Newfoundland. Evans interrupted it and said, “We’re stopped and surrounded by ice. Be careful as you pass through these waters.” The radio operator on the nearby ship replied, “I’m too busy to talk now. I have many messages to send to the telegraph station. ” Twenty minutes later, as he turned off his radio and went to bed, Evans could still hear the ship sending its passengers’ telegrams.
Earlier in the evening the California’s captain, Stanley Lord, had seen another ship approaching. It looked about the size of his own, but attempts to contact the ship failed. It lay dark and mysterious about 10 miles away. At 00:40 am there appeared a sudden flash of light just over the mystery ship. Captain Lord, thinking the ship might need help, ordered his officers to signal the ship by lamp. There was no reply. Three more rockets then exploded, none appeared to go higher than halfway up the mast(桅杆）of the mystery ship. Then at about 2:00 am it turned and slipped into the darkness.
In the light of the dawn there was no mystery ship, but 20 miles away was the scene of a great disaster. Unfortunately, the mystery ship had stopped directly in front of the California, preventing people on board from seeing clearly. If this ship had not been there, Captain Lord would have recognized that the rockets were SOS rockets that came not from the mystery ship but from a more distant ship which the California could not see. If Cyril Evans had kept his radio on for just 30 minutes more he would have heard SOS signals coming from that distant ship he spoke with the night before. That ship was the Titanic which was sinking fast, leaving 1,500 of its passengers dead. It was April 14, 1912.
1. Why were the rockets really fired?
| A．To celebrate the journey. |
| B．To signal for help. |
| C．To contact the Titanic. |
| D．To warn other ships. |
| A．It shows how unlucky the Titanic was. |
| B．It describes how the Titanic sank. |
| C．It indicates that the people on the California were careless. |
| D．It lists how many people died in the disaster. |
| A．One. | B．Two. | C．Three. | D．Four. |
| A．the rockets were fired from the mystery ship |
| B．Cyril Evans worked on the mystery ship that night |
| C．the Titanic started sinking at dawn the next day |
| D．the Titanic sent out many telegrams that night |
【推荐1】Imagine if you could look into the future and see yourself 50 years from now. You could see the wrinkles on your face, how your hair would gray, and how the very shape of your face would change after decades of life. You would be able to see how you might look to your future grandchildren.
It sounds like something out of a fairytale. But a viral “Aged” filter (滤镜) on TikTok is allowing users to look into the face of their future selves.
The new filter uses AI to estimate what your face will look like as you age, and dermatologists (皮肤学家) on TikTok are calling it “very accurate”. But the response, especially among young people using the filter, shows a deep fear within Gen Z of getting, and more importantly, looking old.
What does the filter do?
The filter, which has over 9 million videos on TikTok, provides a picture of users’ faces with realistic aging, including wrinkles, crow’s feet and often gray hair. The filter looks different for each person and uses AI to enhance existing facial features, like under-eye bags or wrinkles, to estimate how their face will age.
TikTok is not the first app to release an aging filter. Snapchat released a similar filter back in 2019, and users similarly used FaceApp to age themselves.
Even Kylie Jenner immediately joined in the trend saying simply “I don’t like it. I don’t like it at all.”
Others disagree about how much the filter ages them, comparing their aged face to other users. Some have used the filter on old photos of their parents or celebrities and compared the filter’s results to how they look today.
Others, however, have taken a more loving approach to their future selves. Many users express shock at how similar they look to relatives and others express excitement for the years ahead.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph?| A．To supply a scientific fact. | B．To arouse the reader’s interest. |
| C．To provide a good example. | D．To share the theory of the filter. |
| A．Their ages don’t really change. |
| B．There’s no real difference between them. |
| C．“Looking old” sounds more polite. |
| D．“Getting old” sounds a little more boring. |
| A．To introduce another opinion. | B．To try to please her true fans. |
| C．To emphasize the wide use. | D．To prove the truth of the technique. |
| A．Angrily. | B．Similarly. | C．Excitedly. | D．Differently. |
【推荐2】Astronauts travelling in space experience forms of radiation (辐射) that are uncommon on Earth. Some of the radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health. It is linked to cancers and heart problems. Yet a new American study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts’ lives.
Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States. They then compared this to information about a group of men who are in good health, richer than most Americans and receive good health care: professional athletes. The study found that neither group has higher rate of dying at a young age. In fact, both groups generally live longer than other Americans. They found that astronauts are usually well-educated, earn more money and are in better physical condition than the average American.
Comparing astronauts to athletes
The researchers compared mortality rates (死亡率) for male US astronauts to active or former playersfrom Major League Baseball (MLB) and the National Basketball Association (NBA). These men played professionally between 1960 and the middle of 2018. The players as well as the astronauts experienced a lower risk of dying young than the general population, the study found. The results suggest that being in contact with radiation in space might not lead to an early death for astronauts due to heart problems or cancers. In fact, astronauts had a lower rate of death from heart disease than the NBA and MLB players, and had cancer death rates similar to those of the athletes. The study was not designed to prove whether or how space travel may directly affect human health.It also did not examine mortality rates among female astronauts or athletes.
Astronauts usually never smoked, leading to a lower risk of heart disease than the general population, said researcher Francis Cucinotta.Cucinotta is with the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. And diet and physical exercise also set astronauts and professional athletes apart from the rest of the population. Even for other people, said Michael Delp, a researcher from Florida State University, “Remaining or becoming physically active and maintaining a well-balanced diet greatly improves overall health, and can enhance successful aging.”
1. What does the underlined word “this” in the second paragraph refer to?| A．The study about radiation in space. |
| B．The cancer and heart problems in the US |
| C．The data in health records of male astronauts. |
| D．The opinions on being an astronaut in the US. |
a.no smoking habit b.a balanced diet
c.well-educated background d.adequate physical exercise
| A．abe | B．abd | C．bed | D．acd |
| A．It was intended to find out how space travel may directly affect human health. |
| B．Radiation in space always leads to heart problems or cancers for astronauts. |
| C．The study will continue on female astronauts and athletes in the near future. |
| D．Both athletes and astronauts had a lower risk of dying young than the general population. |
| A．The Numerous Benefits of Working as an Astronaut in America |
| B．The Difficulties that Astronauts Face When Going into Space |
| C．Working in Space Does Not Seem to Shorten Astronauts’Lives |
| D．A Comparison Between Working as an Athlete and an Astronaut |
【推荐3】Leisure is the prize, right? We work hard, so we want to play hard; we look forward to our time off, believing that the more leisure time we have, the better life will be.
However, research shows that both having and deciding how to spend leisure time can be very stressful. Some people feel enormous pressure to make the best use of their free time with the best choices. But this pressure to maximize our fun might impede the enjoyment of leisure itself.
Two-thousand years ago, concepts of work and leisure were associated with slavery(奴隶制)and freedom, respectively. In Ancient Greece, most of work was done by slaves, while wealthier parts of society pursued other activities. Leisure was an active state of mind. Good leisure meant playing sports, learning music theory, debating with qualified partners, doing philosophy, etc. Leisure was not easy, but it was supposed to be satisfying.
A shift occurred when the Romans started viewing leisure as a way of getting back energy in preparation for more work. By the 1800s, the kind of leisure that showed social class had shifted too; the wealthy led extremely free lives. A popular example is Walter Benjamin’s description of the fashion, around 1893, to walk through streets with a turtle (乌龟)on a chain.
Today we’re seeing yet another change: a lack of leisure time now operates as a powerful social class symbol. On Twitter, celebrities complain about having no life and being in desperate need of a vacation. In the workplace, being part of the long-hours working culture is still seen by many as an honour.
Some people really struggle to enjoy time off. People from America support the belief that leisure is wasteful. Only 14% of Americans take two weeks’ vacation in a row, a finding in keeping with the overwork culture. The same study reports that as of 2017, 54% of American workers didn’t use up their vacation time, leaving 662 million days reserved for leisure unused.
1. What does the underlined word “impede” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Increase. | B．Prevent. | C．Provide. | D．Include. |
| A．Eating tasty food. |
| B．Cleaning the house. |
| C．Having a good sleep. |
| D．Reading works of literature. |
| A．To describe a fashion. |
| B．To criticize the wealthy. |
| C．To show a type of leisure. |
| D．To introduce Romans’ lives. |
| A．Many Americans work on their holidays. |
| B．Americans enjoy taking longer vacations. |
| C．American workers enjoy their lives and have fun. |
| D．Tourism in the United States is developing slowly. |
