A food additive (添加剂) is any substance that is added to food. Many people are put off by the idea of “chemicals in food.” The truth is that all food is made up of chemicals. Natural substances (物质)like milk, as well as man-made ones like drinks on sale in the market, can be described by chemical formulas. Some chemical substances are indeed harmful, but a person who refused to consume any chemicals would find nothing to eat.
The things we eat can be divided into natural and man-made substances. Some people feel that only natural foods are healthy and that all man-made ingredients are to be avoided. But many natural chemicals, found in plants and animals, are harmful when eaten, and some laboratory-made substances increase the nutritional value of food. Other chemicals have natural and man-made forms that are exactly alike: vitamin C is vitamin C, whether it comes from a test tube or from an orange. Like “chemical”, “man-made” doesn’t necessarily mean “not fit to eat”.
Food additives are used for many reasons. We add sugar and salt and other things to foods we prepare at home to make them taste better. Food producers have developed a range of additives that stabilize, thicken, harden, keep wet, keep firm, or improve the appearance of their products.
Additives can make food more convenient or nutritious, give it a longer shelf life, and make it more attractive to the consumer, thus increasing the sales and profits of the producers.
Food additives are presently the centre of a storm of serious argument. Food producers have been known to use additives that have not been proved safe; some substances in common use have been proved unsafe and have been taken off the market. Many people feel there’s a risk of eating food to which anything has been added. But food additives are now regulated by the FDA of the federal government, and new additives will go through strict testing before they can be placed on the market. For most people, the chances of developing serious side effects from the long-term use of presently approved (批准) food additives are very small.
1. From the passage we can learn that ______ .A.it is right to refuse chemicals in food |
B.all foods have chemical substances |
C.food additives are harmful to our health |
D.natural foods are much safer than man-made ones |
A.Foods without additives can keep a much longer shelf life. |
B.Foods with more additives have higher nutritional value. |
C.To ensure food safety, the FDA will stop food additives. |
D.Food additives can improve the quality of foods in many ways. |
A.poisonous | B.worrying | C.avoidable | D.acceptable |
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【推荐1】Maple syrup (枫糖浆) is a sweetener from maple tree sap (树汁). Many people use it in baking in place of sugar or other sweeteners, some use it in tea instead of honey and it is frequently used as a topping for pancakes, waffles, and other breakfast foods. Since true maple syrup is rather expensive, a wide range of false maple syrup exist.
This sweetener originated in the northeast region of North America, and it is in this region that most of the world’s maple syrup is still produced. Vermont, New Hampshire Maine, and the eastern portion of Canada are all known for their fine syrup, each with slightly different flavor qualities.
This sweetener is produced by tapping maple trees to release and collect their sap. A tree's sap is the liquid that, much like blood in animals, carries water and food to different parts of the tree to keep it nourished. A mature maple produces about ten gallons of sap in a given season, after which the tree will wall off the channel that has been tapped, so that a new tap has to be drilled the next season. Maples are not tapped for syrup until they are at least 40 years old and have reached a certain size, to ensure that no harm comes to the tree through the tapping process .
An immense amount of sap is required to produce maple syrup because the watery sap must be reduced to achieve the proper thickness and taste. Although the exact amount depends on the sweetness of the sap, in general it takes about 40 times as much maple sap to produce a portion of syrup. This may be further reduced to create thicker delicacies, such as maple butter, maple cream , and maple sugar.
In the Us, there are grade A and Grade B syrups, with three sub-divisions of Grade A: light amber, medium amber, and dark amber. Grade B is even darker than Grade A dark amber. Many people assume that the grading system is also indicative of quality, but in reality, it only helps to differentiate the color and taste of the syrup, which is a matter of personal preference. The tastes are different, but to say one is objectively “better” than another would be incorrect.
1. What do we know about the maple syrup from the first two paragraphs?A.It can be a substitute of sugar and honey. |
B.It varies greatly in flavor qualities. |
C.It is produced in the northeast of the US. |
D.It is too expensive to gain popularity. |
A.warm. | B.healthy. |
C.complete. | D.mature. |
A.Because it is widely used in most delicacies. |
B.Because it helps to protect old trees from harm. |
C.Because it needs to be concentrated to make maple syrup. |
D.Because the more sap is used, the better maple syrup tastes. |
A.To teach people how to make maple syrup. |
B.To attract more people to buy maple syrup. |
C.To introduce basic knowledge of maple syrup. |
D.To help people choose maple syrup of good quality. |
【推荐2】Tea is currently the world’s most popular drink, only after water. However, there was a time when tea was known only to the Chinese.
While we know that tea drink started in China, its true origin remains something of a mystery. Legend has it that about 5,000 years ago, Shennong came across tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water. Following his discovery, tea was used as medicine, included in meals and later offered as a refreshing drink to officials and noblemen.
It is then not surprising that the beauty of tea was eventually spread to a wider world.
A.How was tea introduced overseas? |
B.So, how did tea originate in China? |
C.Tea became the main theme in ancient poems, |
D.The love of tea inspired many people to write about it. |
E.Eventually, it became a common drink enjoyed by all Chinese people. |
F.Over time, the gift of tea was further delivered to Western Asia and Eastern Africa. |
G.Tang and Song Dynasties needed strong Tibetan horses, so the Tea Horse Road was born. |
【推荐3】It sounds like a job too good to be true. One of the world’s leading chocolate brands is looking for a professional chocolate taster, who can provide honest feedback (反馈) on its products.
Mondelez, a famous company, needs someone it can trust to try out new products and give opinions on the products.
The job with the official title of “Chocolate and Cocoa Beverage Taster” requires seven and a half hours a week between Tuesdays and Thursdays from the lucky applicant.
The professional sweet treat checker will be working with 11 panelists (与谈人) and a panel leader in the company’s Reading office. The work will take place in the Consumer Science discussion rooms.
According to the job description, the taster will need to be able to “taste chocolate and cocoa beverage products and give objective and honest feedback” and “work within a team of panelists to share opinions and collaborate to reach an agreement on taste”.
The taster’s job will be “key in helping Mondelez perfect and launch an entirely new product all over the world”. Those interested in applying must have a strong love for confectionery and taste for discovery and be eager to try new products.
According to the company’s LinkedIn page, it’s an entry level job, so years worth of chocolate tasting may not be necessary. To apply for the role, visit the Mondelez website.
1. What is a must as a professional chocolate taster?A.Honesty. | B.Speed. | C.Patience. | D.Courage. |
A.On Monday. | B.On Friday. | C.On Wednesday. | D.On Saturday. |
A.Corns. | B.Chocolate. | C.Travel. | D.Drinks. |
A.To analyze how important a Chocolate taster is. |
B.To tell us a company is hiring a Chocolate taster. |
C.To show how to apply for the role of a Chocolate taster. |
D.To encourage people to apply for the role of a Chocolate taster. |
【推荐1】The Memorial Art Gallery (MAG) opened its doors again this weekend for the University of Rochester’s Clothesline Arts Festival. This event has been an annual tradition at the Centennial Sculpture Park right outside the MAG for the last 62 years. Initially organized with less than 100 artists showing their work on clothes lines and fences, this festival has attracted over 500 artists from across the nation.
The park was decorated with colorful tents where artists proudly displayed their works. Each tent was a story within itself — a display of skill, creativity, and years of experience.
Piche Design, a unique custom creation art store owned by Chuck Peashy, had one of the most interesting tents: an eye-catching, old setting with lamps shaped like musical instruments. “People come to me with objects that belonged to their long-gone loved ones, and I make beautiful items out of those for them. It is, indeed, rewarding,” said Peashy.
Jill Schiller started doodling (涂鸦) when she was very young. Her hobby gave way to a series of super cool modern designs. She now draws with Swedish weaving techniques on scarves, carpets, bags, and T-shirts in her tent. Schiller believes that it is evidently a great method of expressing creativity and emotion.
George Banagis’ tent, which presented watercolor and pen and ink pieces, had a variety of options. His complicated pen and ink illustrations were available in the original full-size versions, which were made after weeks of effort, and also small, affordable postcards, notepads, and other souvenirs. Visitors loved this inexpensive form of art and flooded inside to buy.
Visitors also experienced all seven continents in one tent, Tatarzyn Photography. From penguins lined up on an Antarctic coastline to swans and wandering African elephants, Ted Tatarzyn has traveled all around the world to catch these moments of amazing creatures with a camera. “This is actually my second career,” said Tatarzyn, who interestingly worked at Kodak for many years before its shutdown. He then started touring around the world for the pictures.
Strolling across the little artistic showcases is a learning experience that every student should take advantage of. And Clothesline had many other stories to tell.
1. What was the Clothesline Arts Festival most probably named after at first?A.The hosting place of the festival. | B.The diverse artists joining the event. |
C.The unique way of displaying works. | D.The cloths and various materials used. |
A.It focuses on the musical instrument design. | B.It helps people recall their loved ones. |
C.It repairs valuable things for people. | D.It mainly sells classical furniture. |
A.They are both about art drawings with strong personal styles. |
B.They are both popular among university students. |
C.They both display products with local cultures. |
D.They are both about inexpensive paintings. |
A.Travel experience sharing. | B.Artistic creativity training. |
C.Professional camera skill teaching. | D.Animal photos displaying. |
A.To remember a 62-year-old tradition. | B.To recommend some excellent artists. |
C.To advertise a secondhand market. | D.To introduce a special artistic festival. |
【推荐2】Let’s say you’re in the far future and you’re looking for evidence of previous civilizations. Where would you look? The first place would be in the rocks. Rocks keep time. Recently, the discovery of rocks made from plastic debris (碎片) in Brazil’s volcanic Trindade Island is sparking alarm. Melted plastic has become twisted with rocks on the island, which researchers say is evidence of humans growing influence over the Earth’s geological cycles.
Plastic rocks have been previously found in various parts of the world. Researchers documented plastiglomerates-rock, sand and other debris fused together by melted plastic-in Hawaii in 2014, for instance. Another human-made and plastic-based rock is pyroplastics. Described in 2019 from the shores of Cornwall in southwest Britain, pyroplastics form from burned plastic waste. In laboratory experiments with white or colored plastic pieces, if burned, the plastic melts and forms a gray or black mass. resembling at first glance a rocky pebble. According to geophysicist Douglas Jerolmack, “all around the world where there’s trash being openly burned in mass quantities, you can imagine there are even larger melted plastic deposits” where plastiglomerate could form.
Plastic pollution making its way into the formation of rocks suggests humans are having an effect on what was previously considered a natural occurrence, said Santos, who along with others is continuing research into plastic pollution on Trindade Island. “This is new and terrifying at the same time, because pollution has reached geology, ”Santos told Reuters. The finding of plastic rocks also suggests, some experts say, that a new geological epoch has begun: The Anthropocene epoch. Regardless of whether this represents a new epoch, Santos said, “the pollution, the garbage in the sea and the plastic dumped incorrectly in the oceans are becoming geological material preserved in the Earth’s geological records.”
The researchers are yet unsure of the environmental impacts of plastic rocks. Burned plastic can contain high concentrations of potentially toxic elements, like lead and chromium, derived from the pigments used to dye the plastic material. Buried in the ground, plastic has the potential to survive millions of years and even enter the geological record.
1. Why does the writer raise a question in the first paragraph?A.To introduce the text topic. | B.To test the readers’ knowledge. |
C.To present a study finding. | D.To raise the readers’ awareness. |
A.They are rarely seen in the rocks. |
B.They look like rocky pebbles if burned. |
C.They are white or coloured plastic pieces. |
D.The more trash is burnt, the more they will be. |
A.Plastic pollution has greatly changed the formation of rocks. |
B.The impacts that plastic rocks bring still need some further study. |
C.Geological materials preserve human’s irresponsible behaviour to environment. |
D.Buried plastic in the ground is unlikely to survive after entering the geological record. |
A.Plastic Rocks: The Root of the Environmental Impacts |
B.Plastic Rocks: The Geological Record of Human Development |
C.Plastic Rocks: The Markers We’re Laying Down in Deep Time |
D.Plastic Rocks: The New Geological Materials We’re Unsure of |
【推荐3】Research suggests that sleeping in a moderately lit room could affect metabolic (新陈代谢的) and cardiovascular health compared with napping in a room with dimmer light.
In a study published in PNAS, researchers at Northwesterm University had two groups of 10 young adults sleep in differently lit rooms. One group slept in rooms with dim light for two nights; the other slept one night in a room with dim light and the next in a room with moderate overhead light—about the equivalent of an cloudy day. Participants wore heart monitors at night. In the morning, they did a variety of glucose (葡萄糖) tests.
Both groups got the same amount of sleep but their bodies experienced very different nights. Both groups responded well to insulin (胰岛素) the first night, when they both slept in dim lighting. On the second night, however, the group sleeping in brighter lighting didn’t respond as well to insulin. The dim light sleepers’ insulin resistance scores fell about 4 percent on the second night, while the bright sleepers’ rose about 15 percent. Their heart rates were faster on the bright night, too.
The heightened heart rate and other measures led the researchers to conclude that light activates the sympathetic nervous system, which usually dominates bodily functions during the day. “Just a single night of exposure to moderate room lighting during sleep can damage glucose and cardiovascular (心血管的) regulation, which are risk factors for heart disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome,” said Phyllis Zee, chief of sleep medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and a Northwestern Medicine physician who led the study, in a news release. “It’s important for people to avoid or minimize the amount of light exposure during sleep.”
The study was small and onlyced subjects for a limited time. More investigation is needed, the researchers write, but light exposure during sleep “could have implications for those living in modern societies where indoor and outdoor nighttime light exposure is increasingly widespread.”
1. At which stage of the research is Paragraph 3 mainly about ?A.Making a question. | B.Thinking of a method. |
C.Drawing a conclusion. | D.Collecting the results. |
A.Outdoor nighttime light exposure will not damage one’s health. |
B.Those exposed to light often may suffer from heart disease and diabetes |
C.Daily bodily functions have nothing to do with the sympathetic nervous system |
D.Phyllis Zee suggests people maximize the amount of light exposure during sleep. |
A.A guidebook. | B.A news report. |
C.A health magazine. | D.A medical advertisement. |
【推荐1】For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional dust on the outside of our vehicle. The extra dirt leads us to do one of the two things: wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment?
The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water used and the types of chemicals used to get rid of the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car at home, says Katy Gresh, spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania department of Environmental Protection. She advises car owners to keep a set amount of water in a container for the entire wash. “You don’t want to leave the water running or use more than you need for the job,” she says. But even following this piece of advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway gets the dirty water into drains (下水道).
“Drains are not made for treating waste,” says John Schombert, executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather. Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash the car, Schombert says they are probably ineffective in breaking down grease (油脂) anyway.
The commercial car wash knows full well the rules regarding wastewater in drains. According to the International Carwash Association (ICA), professional car washes must use special water treatment systems. These processes not only keep the dirty water out of drains and regular water treatment systems, but also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.
As experts point out, cleaning our car at home can use 100 gallons of water. Compare that to self-service car washes, which allow you to use only about 17 or 18 gallons of water. And most full-service car washes average about 30 to 45 gallons of water per vehicle.
1. What does Katy suggest people do about washing cars?A.Use soft toothbrushes. | B.Save treated water. |
C.Put aside some water. | D.Avoid using chemicals. |
A.Disapproving. | B.Favourable. |
C.Suspicious. | D.Objective. |
A.Rules of handling wastewater. |
B.Advantages of professional car washes. |
C.Processes of getting rid of dirty water. |
D.Drawbacks of water treatment systems. |
A.The full-service car washes. | B.Car washing in the driveway. |
C.The self-service car washes. | D.Car washing using natural soaps. |
【推荐2】Sometimes a person who thinks in an unusual way can look at the world from a different point of view. Such was Richard Phillips Feynman, a role model change maker. Born in 1918, he began showing some unusual qualities.
The first sign of Feynman’s unique qualities was that he hadn’t yet spoken by age three. But young Feynman showed a talent for math and engineering. He enjoyed repairing household objects, and built a simple laboratory in his room. By the time he was in high school, he was experimenting things which were only taught to college students.
After Richard Feynman graduated from high school in 1939, he studied at the MIT. Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were “the best that we’ve seen,” according to Princeton, he was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing and his Jewish religion. Finally, he was accepted and continued to study physics at Princeton where he got his PhD. His lectures attracted many great scientists of the time, including Albert Einstein.
At Princeton, Feynman began his most famous work: his work on nuclear weapons. He moved to a lab and not all of his work there has been released to the public, but we know he performed experiments related to uranium. After the war, Feynman taught at Cornell University, where he continued his studies. He was also awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in particle physics.
Then, in 1978, Feynman developed cancer and died a year later. Though Feynman and his work are honored by physicists across the world, his personal qualities and skills are what really makes him unique. Faced with all the challenges, he never gave up, doing work that he loved until the day he died.
1. What do we know about Richard Phillips Feynman from the text?A.Young Feynman showed his talent in every field. |
B.Feynman won the Nobel Prize after the war ended. |
C.Young Feynman enjoyed managing household a lot. |
D.Feynman was diagnosed with cancer and died at the age of 60. |
A.Because he was a Jewish. |
B.Because he graduated from the MIT. |
C.Because he was very gifted in math and science. |
D.Because his lecture attracted many great scientists. |
A.Selfless and friendly. | B.Talented and stubborn. |
C.Intelligent and devoted. | D.Strong-willed and humorous. |
A.Richard Feynman’s Unusual Qualities | B.Richard Feynman — A Respected Scientist |
C.A Touching Story About Richard Feynman | D.The Influence of Richard Feynman |
【推荐3】“It's a big hammer to crack a nut.” This is how one angry parent described the recent crackdown (严厉的打击) by London police on parents who drop their kids off at school by car. Yes, you read that correctly—the very mode of transportation that many American schools insist is the only safe way to deliver kids to school is now considered illegal in the UK.
The decision to fine any vehicles seen dropping off or picking up kids within a particular zone of east London comes from city councilors' (议员) longterm efforts to make the area safer and less crowded. They say they've been trying for years “to encourage reasonable parking”, but in vain. Neighborhood residents complain frequently about their driveways being blocked by illegally parked cars for 15 minutes or more, often while they're trying to get to work, and the streets are long overcrowded.
Now the rules have changed. Some parents are angry.Angie is a mother who made the “big hammer” comment and says the crackdown is “way over the top”. The nearest dropoff point for her sixyearold is now a fiveminute walk from the school. Others are happy with the decision, severe though it may seem.
Councilor Jason Frost said:“Traffic has been clearly reduced, and more children are now walking to school, which is a great outcome. I would rather have complaints that we are slightly inconveniencing parents than hear that a child had been seriously injured because nothing was done.”
I witness daily the chaos(混乱) created by these intown drivers, when I walk my own kids to school. There's a parking lot crowded with vehicles and a slowmoving train of cars moving in circles, many filling the air with harmful smoke. Meanwhile,the conversations around overweight children and the importance of daily physical activities continue to stand out in schools.
1. Why is Angie opposed to the new rule?A.She is often fined by London police. |
B.She will lose her job as a school driver. |
C.She has adapted to the American practice. |
D.She thinks it adds inconvenience to her kid. |
A.On account of many complaints. |
B.Because of students' health problem. |
C.Owing to safety concern. |
D.Due to air pollution. |
A.Less daily chaos. |
B.Support from all people. |
C.More overweight children. |
D.Complaints from neighbors. |
A.Parents attempt to resist a school rule. |
B.London police cause widespread anger. |
C.American schools care more about kids' safety. |
D.Different voices are heard on a new traffic policy. |
【推荐1】An Edinburgh inventor has created a fully biodegradable bottle that is made from paper and a secret combination of plant materials, and it could help save the planet's oceans from plastic pollution and can also be eaten by sea creatures.
The Edinburgh-based Durham University chemistry graduate James Longcroft started a non-profit bottled water company two years ago. He wanted to put all his profits into a charity that provided clean drinking water to countries in Africa.
However, after concerns about the environmental impact of plastic bottles, Mr. Longcroft decided the Edinburgh and London-based company, Choose Water, should go plastic-free. So he came up with a new type of water bottle—a waterproof paper bottle.
“The outside is made from recycled paper, but the inside has to be waterproof, and provides strength so the bottle would keep its structure, and keep the water fresh,” Mr. Longcroft said.
When the bottle is thrown in the ocean the degrading process begins within hours leaving the bottle totally degraded (分解)within weeks. The steel cap breaks down within a year.
Mr. Longcroft now believes these novel bottles could revolutionise the industry and says the cost of producing the bottle is around 5 pence more than one made from single-use plastic.
“The main difficulty we face is breaking into a saturated (饱和的)market and competing with an old industry,” he said. “Changing an industry will be a big uphill battle, but with the support from the public, we will change the way we look at bottled water.”
Researchers warn that eight million tonnes of plastics currently find their way into the ocean every year which will stay in the environment for centuries.
“We really want to get our bottles on shelves and into people's hands as soon as possible—if we can stop even one plastic bottle ending up in the environment it will be worth it,” said Mr Longcroft.
1. What is special about the bottle?A.It can be recycled. | B.It is plastic-free. |
C.It purifies sea water. | D.It can be used for food. |
A.To raise money for charity. | B.To keep the water fresh |
C.To reduce ocean pollution. | D.To prompt the sale of bottled water. |
A.They face stiff competition to enter market. |
B.They are more costly than plastic ones. |
C.They still lack in the public support. |
D.They take a long time to break down. |
A.Cutting down on plastic pollution. | B.Providing clean water to the public. |
C.Stopping the use of the plastic bottles. | D.Getting people to accept the new bottles. |
【推荐2】Cultural Center Adds Classes for Young Adults
The Allendale Cultural Center has expanded its arts program to include classes for young adults. Director Leah Martin announced Monday that beginning in September, three new classes will be offered to the Allendale community. The course titles will be Yoga for Teenagers; Hip Hop Dance: Learning the Latest Moves; and Creative Journaling for Teens: Discovering the Writer Within. The latter course will not be held at the Allendale Cultural Center but instead will meet at the Allendale Public Library.
Staff member Tricia Cousins will teach the yoga and hip hop classes. Ms. Cousins is an accomplished choreographer (舞蹈教师) as well as an experienced dance educator. She has an MA in dance education from Teachers College, Columbia University, where she wrote a thesis on the pedagogical (教学法的) effectiveness of dance education. The journaling class will be taught by Betsy Milford. Ms. Milford is the head librarian at the Allendale Public Library as well as a columnist for the professional journal Library Focus.
The courses are part of the Allendale Cultural Center’s Project Teen, which was initiated by Leah Martin, Director of the Cultural Center. According to Martin, this project is a direct result of her efforts to make the center a more essential part of the Allendale community. Over the last several years, the number of people who have visited the cultural center for classes or events has steadily declined. Project Teen is primarily funded by a generous grant from The McGee Arts Foundation, an organization devoted to bringing arts programs to young adults. Martin oversees the Project Teen board, which consists of five board members. Two board members are students at Allendale’s Brookdale High School; the other three are adults with backgrounds in education and the arts.
The creative journaling class will be cosponsored by Brookdale High School, and students who complete the class will be given the opportunity to publish one of their journal entries in Pulse, Brookdale’s student literary magazine. Students who complete the hip hop class will be eligible to participate in the Allendale Review, an annual concert sponsored by the cultural center that features local actors, musicians, and dancers. All classes are scheduled to begin immediately following school dismissal, and transportation will be available from Brookdale High School to the Allendale Cultural Center and the Allendale Public Library. For more information about Project Teen, contact the cultural center’s programming office at 988-0099 or drop by the office after June 1 to pick up a fall course catalog. The office is located on the third floor of the Allendale Town Hall.
1. Which of the following statements is correct?A.Tricia Cousins will teach two of the new classes. |
B.The new classes will begin on June 1. |
C.People who want a complete fall catalogue should stop by the Allendale Public Library. |
D.The cultural center’s annual concert is called Pulse. |
A.Tricia Cousins was available to teach courses in the fall. |
B.Community organizations were ignoring local teenagers. |
C.The McGee Arts Foundation wanted to be more involved in Allendale’s arts programming. |
D.She wanted to make the cultural center a more important part of the Allendale community. |
A.The number of people visiting the cultural center has declined over the last several years. |
B.The cultural center wanted a grant from The McGee Arts Foundation. |
C.The young people of Allendale have complained about the cultural center’s offerings. |
D.Leah Martin thinks classes for teenagers are more important than classes for adults. |
【推荐3】Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind of football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have an interest in climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risk on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different thing that it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and some other sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than men. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of efforts, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
1. What’s the meaning of “leisure” in Paragraph 2?A.enjoyment | B.rest |
C.entertainment | D.spare time |
A.it is an Olympic event | B.mountaineers depend on each other while climbing |
C.teams compete against each other | D.there are five climbers on each team |
A.Because they can learn to fight the forces of nature while climbing. |
B.Because they can improve their skill when they are on a rock face. |
C.Because they don’t have to be restricted (限制) by rules while climbing. |
D.Because they can enjoy a lot of fun while climbing. |
A.people show interest in mountaineering because it is a team game |
B.physical quality is more important than mental one for climbers |
C.a mountain climber would pass his best by the age of thirty |
D.it is possible for an old man of sixty to climb the Alps. |
A.Mountaineering |
B.Mountaineering Is More Attractive than Other Sports |
C.Mountaineering Is Different from Golf and Football. |
D.Mountain Climber |