Picture this: you’re between video meetings, and scrolling through your social media newsfeed. Headlines like “Death toll continues to rise”“COVID-19 may cause long-term health implications” and “Health-care systems overwhelmed” flash across your screen. Your mood takes a dive, but you can’t stop scrolling.
If this scenario rings true for you, you’re not alone. Research shows people have a tendency to seek out information during uncertain times—it’s a natural coping mechanism. But is persistent information-seeking on social media, sometimes called doomscrolling, helpful during a pandemic, or any time?
Research on the effects of bad news on mood suggests exposure to negative COVID news is likely to be detrimental to our emotional wellbeing. For instance, one study conducted in March 2020 involving more than 6,000 Americans found that the more time participants spent consuming COVID news in a day, the unhappier they felt. These findings are striking and suggest that spending as little as two to four minutes consuming negative news about COVID-19 can have a detrimental impact on our mood.
So what can we do to look after ourselves, and make our time on social media more pleasurable?
One option is to delete our social media accounts altogether. But how realistic is it to distance ourselves from platforms that connect nearly half of the world’s population, particularly when these platforms offer social interactions at a time when face-to-face interactions can be risky, or impossible? Given that avoidance might not be practical, here are some other ways to make your experience on social media more positive.
Be mindful of what you consume on social media. Focus on the personal news and photos shared instead of the latest headlines.
Seek out content that makes you happy to balance out your newsfeed. This may be images of cute kittens, beautiful landscapes, drool-worthy food videos or something else. You could even follow a social media account dedicated to sharing only happy and positive news.
Use social media to promote positivity and kindness. Sharing good things that are happening in your life can improve your mood, and your positive mood can spread to others. You may also like to compliment others on social media. While this might sound awkward, people will appreciate it more than you think.
As the pandemic continues to alter our lives and newsfeeds, the study highlight the importance of being aware of the emotional toll negative news takes on us. But there are steps we can take to mitigate this toll and make our social media a happier place.
1. The underlined word “doomscrolling” in Paragraph 2 refers to__________.A.browsing through bad news insistently | B.seeking information on social media occasionally |
C.a natural coping mechanism | D.checking helpful news during uncertain times |
A.To find out if the death toll of COVID-19 continues to rise. |
B.To find out the effects of information-seeking on mood. |
C.To find out the impacts of negative news on mood. |
D.To find out whether people feel happy when exposed to COVID-19. |
A.Deleting our social media accounts altogether. |
B.Only focusing on personal information and ignoring social news. |
C.Checking positive content like cute animals to make ourselves happy. |
D.Sharing positive energy with others and praising others. |
A.show the profound influence of the pandemic on our lives and social media newsfeed |
B.demonstrate the significance of the measures we can take to eliminate the harmful effects of social media |
C.reveal the relationship between the news-seeking behaviour and the mood of the surfers |
D.arouse our awareness of the effects of negative information on feelings and offer feasible solutions beneficial to our emotional wellbeing |
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【推荐1】A large team of researchers cooperated with multiple institutions across Europe, has found evidence backing up work by Persi Diaconis in 2007 in which he suggested tossed (掷) coins are more likely to land on the same side they started on, rather than on the reverse. The team conducted experiments designed to test the randomness of coin tossing and posted their results on the Arxiv Preprint Server.
For many years, the coin toss has represented a fair way to choose between two options—which side of a team goes first, for example, who wins a tied election, or gets to eat the last cookie. Over the years, many people have tested the randomness of coin tossing and most have found it to be as fair as expected—provided a fair coin is used. But, Persi Diaconis noted, such tests have only tested the possibility that a fair coin, once tossed, has an equal chance of landing on heads or tails. They have not tested the likelihood of a fair coin landing with the same side up as that when it was. He suggested that a coin tossed into the air spends more time there with its initial side facing up making it more likely to end up that way, as well. He suggested that the difference would be slight, however — just 1%. In this new effort, the research team tested Diaconis’ ideas.
The experiment involved 48 people tossing coins made in 46 countries to prevent design bias (偏见) for a total of 350,757 coin tosses. Each time, the participants noted whether the coin landed with the same side up as when it was launched. The researchers found that Diaconis was right — there was a slight bias. They found the coin landed with the same side up as when it was launched 50.8% of the time. They also found there was some slight change in percentages between different individuals tossing coins.
The team concludes that while the bias they found is slight, it could be meaningful if multiple coin tosses are used to determine an outcome — for example, flipping a quarter 1,000 times and betting $1 each time (with winning of 0 or 2$ each round) should result in an average overall win of $19.
1. Why is the coin toss often used to make decisions?A.It can help people win an election. |
B.It gives each side an equal chance of winning. |
C.It seems the quickest and easiest way to reach a decision. |
D.It provides a sense of mystery and excitement for those involved. |
A.The coin toss is a fair process. | B.The coin toss is a biased process. |
C.The coin toss is a random process. | D.The coin toss is an unpredictable process. |
A.By analyzing collected data. | B.By comparing different factors. |
C.By tracking experimental process. | D.By monitoring different participants. |
A.The research team did not use real coins in their experiment. |
B.Coin tossing has been used for many years to settle disputes. |
C.The research team found the coin toss is fairer than previously thought. |
D.The author does not believe the coin toss is a fair way to make decisions. |
【推荐2】The year 2018 will mark the 100h anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic (瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world. Other estimates go much higher. Because of a lack of medical record-keeping, we may never know the exact number.
The influenza was a fast killer. Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms. Others died after a few days. “Their lungs filled with liquid and they choked to death.” The 1918 flu pandemic was also different from other outbreaks. It struck many young. healthy people. Viruses usually affect sick or old people.
Although modern medicine effectively controls many diseases, influenza remains difficult to protect against. The World Health Organization estimates that every year influenza kills 250,000 to 500,000 people around the world. Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines (疫苗) which offer immunity (免疫) from some influenza viruses. But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread.
Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “swine flu” or H1N1 outbreak in 2009. Anthony Faucal, Director of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in the United States says that virus caused a true pandemic.
To stop the next pandemic, scientists are now researching how to create a universal influenza vaccine. In October 2017, Vanderbilt University Medical Center in the U. S. announced the Universal Influenza Vaccine Initiative. The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world. The university added that researchers will begin tests in early 2018. The Human Vaccines Project, a public-private partnership, is funding the project. However, until a universal influenza vaccine is available, today’s seasonal flu vaccine remains important.
1. Why is influenza difficult to protect against?A.It spreads too rapidly. |
B.It is quite easy to catch. |
C.No vaccine is available. |
D.It's hard to judge the form of virus. |
A.New forms of flu virus keeps appearing. |
B.It was the most serious in recent years. |
C.It was caused by the same flu virus of 1918. |
D.The H1N1 virus was deadly as well. |
A.The development is quite costly. |
B.It will be used all over the world. |
C.It can protect against all forms of flu. |
D.It will soon come into use in 2019. |
【推荐3】Text messaging is a surprisingly good way to receive candid responses to sensitive questions, according to a new study to be presented this week at the annual meeting of the American Association for Public Opinion Research. “The preliminary (初步的) results of our study suggest that people are more likely to disclose sensitive information via text messages than in voice interviews,” says Fred Conrad, a psychologist at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research.
“This is sort of surprising,” says Conrad, “since many people thought that texting would decrease the likelihood of disclosing sensitive information because it creates a persistent, visual record of questions and answers that others might see on your phone and in the cloud.”
With text, the researchers also found that people were less likely to engage in “satisficing”— a survey industry term referring to the common practice of giving good enough, easy answers. “We believe people give more precise answers via texting because there's just not the time pressure in a largely asynchronous (非同步的) mode like text that there is in phone interviews, ” says Conrad. “As a result, respondents are able to take longer to arrive at more accurate answers.”
Conrad conducted the study with Michael Schober, a professor of psychology at the New School for Social Research. “We're in the early stages of analyzing our findings,” says Schober. “But so far it seems that texting may reduce some respondents' tendency to shade the truth or to present themselves in the best possible light in an interview, even when they know it's a human interviewer they are communicating with via text. What we cannot yet be sure of is who is most likely to be disclosive in text. Is it different for frequent texters, or generational, for example? ”
For the study, the researchers recruited approximately 600 iPhone-users through Google Ads, offering them iTunes Store rewards to participate in the study. Their goals were to see whether responses to the same questions differed depending on several variables: whether the questions were asked via text or voice, whether a human or a computer asked the questions, and whether the environment, including the presence of other people and the likelihood of multitasking, affected the answers.
1. The underlined word “candid” in Para.1 probably means _________.A.straightforward | B.appropriate | C.ambiguous | D.objective |
A.people fond of text messaging are more honest. |
B.texting will give away less sensitive information. |
C.different variables might affect the responses of messaging. |
D.about 600 iPhone users have been awarded iTunes by researchers. |
A.present their best to the interviewers | B.have more time to make a reply |
C.pay less for sending a message | D.enjoy more freedom of speech |
A.Texting Downs Responses | B.Texting Exposes Identity |
C.Texting Benefits Interviewees | D.Texting Ups Truthfulness |
【推荐1】Five Great Websites for Teenagers
EcoCentral
This website is all about looking after the Earth, providing the right advice, the right services, and a big dollop of inspiration. There are facts about different animals, as well as information about forests, deserts and oceans. You can upload your own videos onto the site for everyone to see.
TeenPress
This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing. You can share your work with others, and there are message boards where you can chat about things that are important to you.
Channel One News
ChannelOne. com is by far the most comprehensive and informative site for teens. Not only does it keep them up with the latest world news, Channel One offers homework help, fun quizzes, music videos and movie reviews. It also covers sports and includes a section where teens can write their own blogs.
Tune-in
There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online. You can save your favorite songs in your own list. If you’re in a band, you can record your music and upload it. The website is large, but the menus are easy to use.
Science News
Science News is designed as a science news site for young teens though the information they provide is interesting enough for anyone. Articles covering space, fossils, physics, weather, the environment and many other things are offered. It’s a great place for science project ideas.
1. If you’d like to be informed with the latest news, which website would you visit?A.EcoCentral | B.Channel One News |
C.Tune-in | D.Science News |
A.You can write your on blogs on Eco Central. |
B.You can know people’s opinions on movies on TeenPress. |
C.You can listen to the songs on Tune-in but you can’t download them. |
D.You can learn about physics, space and the environment in Science News. |
A.To introduce websites to teenagers. |
B.To teach teenagers to design websites. |
C.To encourage teenagers to create websites. |
D.To offer some part-time jobs to teenagers. |
【推荐2】More than a billion people around the world have smartphones, almost all of which come with some kind of navigation (导航) app such as Apple Maps or Amap. This raises the age-old question we meet with any technology: What abilities is our brain losing to these apps? But also, importantly: What abilities are we gaining?
Talking with people who are good at finding their way around or good at using paper maps, I often hear a lot of annoyance (恼怒) with digital maps. North/south direction gets messed up, and you can see only a small section at a time. I can really understand that it may be quite disturbing for the already skilled to be limited to a small phone screen.
But consider what digital navigation aids have meant for someone like me. Although being a frequent traveler, I’m so terrible at finding my way that I still use Apple Maps almost every day in the small town where I have lived for many years.
In many developed nations, street names and house numbers can be meaningful, and instructions such as “go north for three blocks and-then west” make sense to those familiar with these rules. In Istanbul, however, where I grew up, none of those hold true. For one thing, the locals seldom use street names. Besides, the city is full of winding and ancient alleys that cross with newer avenues at many angles. In such places, you’d better turn to the locals. In the American countryside, however, there is often nobody outside to ask. In fact, along came Apple Maps, like a fairy grandmother whispering directions in my ear. Since then, I travel with a lot more confidence, and my world has opened up.
Which brings me back to my original questions: While we often lose some skills after depending on new technology, this new equipment may also allow us to gain new abilities. Maybe when technology closes a door, we should also look for the doors it opens.
1. Why do people who are skilled at reading paper maps feel upset?A.They are confused by digital map’s direction. |
B.They like reading paper maps. |
C.They don’t know how to use navigation apps. |
D.They are limited to a single smartphone app. |
A.Follow the navigation app. |
B.Asking local people the way. |
C.Getting familiar with the city rules. |
D.Looking for street names and house numbers. |
A.Cautious. | B.Confused. | C.Critical. | D.Favorable. |
A.Benefits of Navigation Apps. |
B.Disadvantages of Navigation Apps. |
C.Have Navigation Apps Worsened Our Brain? |
D.My World Opens Up by New Technology. |
【推荐3】iPad vs textbooks
What if you could have your whole backpack at the touch of your fingertips? In the first month of the Apple iPads release, 25million were sold! People all over the world use iPads for all sorts of different things, but one of their finest qualities is the ability to be a textbook.
To begin with. iPads are less expensive. Textbooks become outdated and schools have to buy new books, but with an iPad schools can update them for free.
Thirdly, schools should get rid of their textbooks and get iPads because they have more capabilities. Some might think all of the apps are distracting, but the apps actually make iPads more efficient.
Lastly, iPads are a better choice for schools instead of textbooks because these devices allow students to access their learning anywhere at any time.
In conclusion, schools should get rid of their clumsy textbooks and switch to iPads. iPads have allowed this generation to have their entire backpack in the palm of their hands.
A.iPads absorb the need to buy calculators, dictionaries, and other items that are found within the device. |
B.Schools have every reason to do away with their school books and switch to iPads. |
C.Moreover, in high school, textbooks have an average of 4.8 pounds each. |
D.iPads have already replaced textbooks in over 600 American counties. |
E.Therefore, they can use the saved money for other programs. |
F.Secondly, iPads cost less and are more popular. |
G.iPads are perfect for busy students. |
【推荐1】Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.
An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.
However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.
In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.
Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.
1. The surveys inform us of ________.A.the development of technology |
B.the changes of adult children’s behavior |
C.the parents’ over-protection of their college children |
D.the means and expenses of students’ communication |
A.parents today are more protective than those in the past |
B.the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages |
C.technology explains greater involvement with their children |
D.parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence |
A.Technology or Attitude? |
B.Dependence or Independence? |
C.Family Influences or Social Changes? |
D.College Management or Communication Advancement? |
【推荐2】Picture this:you’re switching channels and you come across an advertisement for a popular cigarette brand with doctors promoting its health benefits. Unbelievable? Think again. A century ago, attitudes around smoking were strikingly different, and, shocking though it may now be, it was common to see health professionals give their approval to cigarette makers.
In a jaw-dropping state of affairs , doctors weren’t the only ones to promote smoking —in fact , during the first run of the cartoon show The Flintstones in 1960, its official sponsor was Winston cigarettes, and in one advertising session, the characters Fred Flintstone and Barney Rubble are seen smoking a pack together, with the latter remarking:“It tastes good, like a cigarette should.”
There was pushback in the media against the overstatements of wealthy tobacco giants (巨头) however,and it was the American issue of Reader’s Digest which regularly sounded the smoke alarm.The first story on the topic was published in its pages in 1924.“Does Tobacco Injure the Human Body?”, focused on a groundbreaking study that concluded smoking was “one of the very significant reasons fewer men than women attain old age. ”Another story published in 1952 called “Cancer by the Carton” was credited with contributing to the largest drop in cigarette smoking since the Great Depression.
Smoking has lost its cool factor in recent decades, and the number of smokers across the country continues to steadily decline. In 1922 over 65,000 tons of tobacco were sold in the UK , reaching a peak of 125,960 tons sold in 1961. Due to growing public awareness of smoking’ s harmful health effects, by 2014 that figure had dropped to 43,793 tons.
In the past decade, the rate of smokers has dropped considerably. And it’s young people in particular who are turning away from smoking: 25.7 percent of 18-24 year olds smoked regularly in 2011 while in 2018 16.8 per cent did. Hear that? It’ s the collective sound of lungs breathing again.
1. What can be inferred from Paragraph 1?A.Doctors consider smoking harmful to health. |
B.People’s attitudes to smoking remain the same. |
C.Advertisements for tobacco are everywhere on TV. |
D.Cigarette producers disagreed with health proessionals. |
A.Smoking made profits for tobacco giants. |
B.Smoking contributed to the Great Depression. |
C.Smoking led to a shorter life of men than women. |
D.Smoking caused damage to people’s mental health. |
A.Objective. | B.Doubful. |
C.Negative. | D.Favorable. |
A.The harnful effects of smoking |
B.The ups and downs of tbacco industry |
C.The change of attitudes towards tobacco |
D.The increasing awareness of quitting smoking |
【推荐3】Most Chinese diners pick up food from shared large plates with the same pair of chopsticks that they then use to eat, or serve others. Usually, the same pair of chopsticks is used in many ways again and again. But the government hopes to change people’s habits by pushing them to use a second pair of chopsticks — just for serving.
State news reporters are calling it a “dining table revolution.” Dr. Zhong Nanshan and Dr. Zhang Wenhong, outspoken infectious (感染的) disease experts who have become famous since the start of the outbreak, have voiced their support. Health organizations across the country are running advertisements like: “The distance between you and civilized dining is just one pair of serving chopsticks.”
Some restaurants and diners have heeded the call. They are offering lower prices to diners who use serving chopsticks. In the eastern Chinese city of Hangzhou, more than 100 well-known restaurants have formed a “Serving Chopsticks Alliance”.
Still, opposition is strong. Many see sharing food with one’s own chopsticks as among the most authentic (纯正的) expressions of China’s group culture and focus on family, no less important than hugging is to Americans or the cheek (脸颊) kiss is to the French. Serving chopsticks are usually connected with formal settings, like dinner parties and meals with strangers.
By contrast, wheat-eating northerners, and especially the men, take pride in what Chinese call “eating big and drinking big”, without care for such small concerns as germs and bacteria (细菌). Never mind a small, recent experiment by government experts who found that the level of bacteria in dishes for which serving chopsticks were used was as little as 0.4 percent the level of dishes shared in the regular fashion.
1. Why does the government encourage people to change eating habits?A.To improve restaurant service. | B.To avoid the risk of infection. |
C.To shorten the distance between people. | D.To stop using chopsticks. |
A.Made. | B.Answered. |
C.Taken. | D.Missed. |
A.Westerners show no concern about using chopsticks. |
B.The experts became known for giving their support. |
C.Serving chopsticks leads to lower bacteria level. |
D.Northerners feel proud of eating with strangers. |
A.A Call to Eat and Drink Less |
B.A Dining Table Experiment |
C.Dining Revolution — Share Your Food in Groups |
D.Serving Chopsticks — Keep You Away from Disease |
【推荐1】In the story of the three little pigs, the one who built his house of straw did not do well; the big bad wolf blew it down. But builder Michael Furbish, who made his own home from bales (捆) of straw, and an elementary school from the same material, says that in reality straw houses are not only strong, but also good for the environment. Straw—the stalks (杆,茎) of plants like wheat, oats, and barley—is considered a waste material and is commonly used on farms as animal bedding. But more and more people are discovering that straw baled into rectangular blocks is an excellent and inexpensive building material.
There are two ways to make a straw-bale structure. You can build load-bearing walls with them, which means the walls support the roof. Or you can build a post-and-beam wooden frame that supports the roof and fill in the walls with the bales. Either way, the walls are there to stay. And they provide great insulation (绝缘), helping keep straw houses in cold climates warm in winter and those built in hot places like the desert cool in summer. Straw is considered a “green” building material because it is a renewable resource: a whole new crop can be grown and harvested every year, easily “renewing” the supply. Also, planting and harvesting straw uses relatively little energy. “Most other building materials require a lot of energy to be produced,” explains Furbish. “With straw-bale construction, you are getting a building product without using much energy at all.”
Furbish used about 900 straw bales in his family’s two-story, three-bedroom house. His company also provided straw-bale walls for the Friends Community School of College Park in Maryland. That project used about 4, 000 bales. When asked if there are any problems with living in a straw house, like mice nibbling (咬,啃). On the walls, Furbish points out that the straw is completely covered with plaster and stucco (灰泥). Besides, he has a couple of cats on mouse watch, just in case. “It would be hard to find a wall system that will wear better than straw,” he says. The big bad wolf is just out of luck.
1. The author wrote the passage in order to_________.A.prove that the tale of the three pigs and the wolf is wrong |
B.teach readers how to build straw houses |
C.introduce an environmentally-friendly building material |
D.advertise Furbish’s special houses |
A.It costs little to make such special houses. |
B.The outsides of the houses are green. |
C.They are mostly built in the desert. |
D.Plaster and stucco help make the houses strong. |
A.straw houses are in fact nice and strong |
B.the big bad wolf can’t blow straw houses down |
C.the big bad wolf is very unlucky |
D.people in straw houses needn't worry about wolves |
A.living in a straw house, one has to keep several cats |
B.the walls of a straw house help keep heat inside in cold climates |
C.it is best to build a straw house at harvest time |
D.we need 900 straw bales to build one straw house |
【推荐2】In recent years, Ethiopia has become a leader in solid waste management in Africa. Last year, the country transformed a rubbish site into a new waste-to-energy plant. The plant incinerates up to 1,400 tons of solid rubbish every day, supplying the capital with 25 percent of its electricity need.
Despite the great progress, challenges remain in Ethiopia. Laws and policies for the management of harmful wastes are still at an early stage and not effective in preventing illegal dumping (倾倒) of waste.
To help Ethiopia meet these challenges, the Waste Management Program that has been founded is supporting the country with a three-year project to improve institutional ability of sound management of harmful wastes.
In the initial stages, a project management unit will be formed. This unit will be responsible for reviewing and assessing Ethiopia’s present law frameworks, which does not specifically target the importation, production, transport, use and disposal (处理) of harmful wastes. Once legal gaps (漏洞) are identified, the project will seek to update existing law frameworks.
This project will work to promote the participation of women in policy development and decision-making processes. This will help make sure that existing policies and programs, as well as future institutional changes, are assessed with particular attention to women.
Many people in Ethiopia are not aware of the criminal influences of environmental violations and the need to report such crimes to the police. To solve this problem, Ethiopia will be conducting a series of activities, including creating awareness-raising programs. Ethiopia will also set up a national cooperation system for waste management. Authorities will also make budget in national and regional planning to make sure that these policies can survive even after the project’s completion.
The depth and breadth of these actions will make sure that this project has a lasting influence. In so doing, the recent progress Ethiopia has made in waste management will be not only kept, but become the basis for an environmental policy for years to come.
1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “incinerates” in paragraph 1?A.Creates. | B.Burns. | C.Gathers. | D.Absorbs. |
A.The immaturity of the environmental laws. | B.The effect of solid waste management. |
C.The support of Ethiopia’s government. | D.The transformation of the rubbish sites. |
A.Their tolerance of environmental pollution. | B.Their discrimination against women in life. |
C.Their ignorance of environmental protection. | D.Their resistance to the environmental policies. |
A.How Ethiopia tries to protect environment. | B.Why waste management is effective in Ethiopia. |
C.How Ethiopia’s women affect policies. | D.Who has the word in environmental protection. |
【推荐3】When a scent moved gently through the air in the bedrooms of older adults for two hours every night for just six months, their memories skyrocketed. Participants in this study by UCI (University of California, Irvine) Centre reaped a226% increase in cognitive (认知的) capacity compared to the control group. The researchers say the finding transforms the long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy, non-invasive (无创的) technique for strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia. The team’s study appears in Frontiers in Neuroscience.
The study was conducted through the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory. It involved men and women aged 60 to 85 without memory disorders. They were each given a diffuser (扩散器) and seven small bottles, each containing a single and different natural oil. People in the enriched group received full-strength bottles. Control group participants were given the oils in tiny amounts. Participants put a different bottle into their diffuser each evening prior to going to bed, and it remained active for two hours as they slept.
People in the enriched group showed a 226%increase in cognitive performance compared to the control group, as measured by a word list test commonly used to evaluate memory. CT imaging revealed better integrity brain pathway. The pathway affects decision-making ability and usually becomes less powerful with age. Participants also reported sleeping more soundly.
Scientists have long known that the loss of olfactory capacity, or ability to smell, can predict development of nearly 70 different kinds of diseases including Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Evidence emerges about a link between smell loss due to COVID and later cognitive decrease. Researchers have previously found that exposing people with moderate dementia to up to 40 different scents twice a day over a period of time boosted their memories and language skills, alleviated depression and improved their olfactory capacities. Later, the UCI team decided to try making this technique easier for older adults.
1. What does the underlined word “skyrocketed” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Dramatically declined. | B.Slightly improved. |
C.Severely weakened. | D.Significantly increased. |
A.All of the bottles contain the identical natural oil. |
B.The given oil amount varies from group to group. |
C.Each participant is distributed eight oil-filled bottles. |
D.No requirement is for participants except age and sex. |
A.To report a study on scent exposure boosting memory. |
B.To show a method to predict development of diseases. |
C.To reveal the relationship between smell and memory. |
D.To draw public attention to memory loss in older adults. |
A.The approach to enhancing language skills. |
B.The reason behind simplifying the technique. |
C.The possibility of relieving severe depression. |
D.The solution to recovering olfactory capacities. |