Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper wo-组卷网

题型：选词填空-短文选词填空难度：0.65 引用次数：9 题号：19685482

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. eventually B. certain C. evolution D. particular E. passed F. likely
G. change H. fitted I. happened J. controlled K. occasionally

Today we understand much more about how evolution works because we know about genes and DNA. Darwin didn’t know about genes and DNA. Gregor Mendel was the first person to work out how 1 characteristics such as colour (of eyes, hair, skin, flowers, leaves or bark) were 2 from one generation to the next.

Characteristics such as eye colour are 3 by genes. They are like a recipe written into the DNA of each cell, telling the cell what it should be and do. These “recipes” are passed on from parents to offspring through the DNA in egg and sperm cells.

Every now and then something goes wrong in the recipe, and this 4 is called a mutation. It means that the offspring will be different in some way from the parents. Often mutations are fatal and the offspring don’t survive, but 5 a mutation gives the offspring an advantage. It helps them fit into their environment better than others who lack the mutation. It allows them to compete successfully for scarce water, food, light, space or mates.

Darwin realized that those individuals who suited their environment best would be more 6 to survive and have lots of offspring. Most of the offspring would have the same mutation, making them fit in well with their environment, too. They in turn would have lots of offspring, and 7 , over a very long time, the offspring with the mutation would outnumber or replace those without the mutation. If enough of these changes or mutations occur, a new kind (or species) of animal or plant could eventually be created. This process is called 8 .

When some living things survive whilst others do not, we call this process natural selection. It’s as if nature selects the things that best suit the world at that 9 time and place. For example, in a very cold climate, creatures with an extra thick layer of fat to keep them warm would have a better chance of surviving than thin creatures. Consequently, fat creatures would be “fitter” than thin creatures because they 10 into their environment better. This process is also called the “survival of the fittest”.

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更新时间：2023-07-24 20:11:09 |

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【知识点】科普知识

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【推荐1】Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The elementary means of communicating with other people is conveying messages by voice. This fact is widely acknowledged and we recognize the voice as a(n) 1 characterizing the identity of a person. The array of voices is immeasurable as no two are exactly similar. They can be nasal, resonant or shrill produced in accordance with the individual physical 2 of the throat.

One possible implementation of the 3 of voice recognition is voice profiling used by police analysts as a method of substantiating court evidence in trials. Every year, thousands of audiotapes with recorded interviews or 4 utterances are put to the purpose to help identify the probable 5 . Specialists dealing with the voice investigation claim that people can give themselves away by their 6 , inflections or other voice attributes like pitch, intensity and loudness. A recorded sample is usually 7 into electric impulses and later transformed into a pictorial recoding which is processed by a computer program. Very frequently voice analyst have a stake at deciphering the relevant information which may be 8 with background noise or other interfering sounds until they attain the 9 results.

Thankfully, these efforts help the police detect individuals who threaten their victims by phone or inform about bomb 10 or those who make offensive calls disturbing the peach of decent citizens.

2019-08-18更新 | 128次组卷

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【推荐2】Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. reduce 　　　 B. contains　　　 C. benefit　　　 D. source 　　　 E. maintain　　　 F. involved
G. protein 　　　H. digested 　　　I. nutrients　　　 J. moderation 　　　K. avoid

Around the world, eggs have been an important part of breakfast for all good reasons. After all, an egg is a storehouse(仓库) of vital 1 , making it an essential part of a healthy diet.

And for those of you who are afraid of having this power food because you’re worried that it will add to your weight, remember, one egg 2 about 80 calories and about five grams of fat.

Hence, smart consumption is a far healthier option.

Eggs are a well-known rich 3 of protein — an important building block of bones, muscles, skin, and blood. The body uses protein to build and repair tissues as well as making other body chemicals. Unfortunately, the body does not store 4 , and therefore has no reservoir(储备) to draw on when it needs a new supply. Thus eggs are the perfect sources and a smart food choice for those who 5 their intake of carbohydrates to lose extra weight.

Another important nutrient you’ll find in egg white is Vitamin B2. And for all of you wondering what’s the 6 of this nutrient, it is a water-soluble(水溶性) vitamin which is 7 in vital processes in the body and is necessary for normal cell function, growth, and energy production.

The yolk(蛋黄), which many of us 8 out of fear, is actually a very healthy food, if consumed in 9 . The yolk is a rich source of vitamin A, calcium, and iron. The iron found in the yolk is easily 10 in the body. According to nutrition experts, one can eat one whole egg every day without harming one’s cholesterol and other blood-fat levels.

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文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了结核病、结核病在全球的发病率以及感染这种疾病的风险因素。

【推荐3】Complete the text using the correct form of the words below.

lung pose trial nation globe virus rare infectious factor

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious 1 disease that can easily spread from one person to another. It affects the 2 and is passed on through tiny drops of saliva released when someone coughs or sneezes.

Due to better understanding of the disease and how to treat it, it is now quite 3 in the developed world. Parts of the 4 , such as some parts of Africa, Asia and Latin America experience higher rates of TB. In 5 with high rates of human immunodeficiency 6 (HIV), however, the incidence of TB is also quite high, as TB spreads quickly among people with weak immune systems. Other risky 7 for catching the disease include age (being very young or old), hunger and malnutrition and having serious illnesses such as cancer or diabetes. Living in poor or unhealthy conditions or working in hospitals and other health facilities also 8 a risk to people.

There are some vaccines that can be used in young children to prevent TB but they are not effective for adults. 9 and testing of other vaccines are ongoing.

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