The daughter of a romantic poet and occasional freedom fighter, Ada Lovelace had a famous but absent father. She never knew Lord Byron, as just weeks after her birth in 1815, he divorced her mother Isabella Milbanke Byron and left to fight in the Greek War of Independence. In an effort to prevent Ada from developing her father’s unpredictable temper, Isabella decided that her daughter should devote her life to study.
Ada studied hard despite the fact that society did not encourage women pursuing interests in science. Her life changed when she met inventor Charles Babbage at a party. As he demonstrated a working section of his mechanical calculator, Ada was taken in by how it worked and wanted to know more. Impressed by the 17-year-old’s obvious passion, Babbage became her tutor. Ada married in 1835 and became a mother, but she continued to take an active interest in study, socialising in intellectual circles with the likes of Charles Dickens and Michael Faraday.
Ada stayed in contact with Babbage, who in 1837 had proposed a new machine, the analytical engine. In 1843, Ada was asked to translate a French text written by engineer Luigi Menabrea about Babbage’s new design. After completing the translation, Ada was encouraged by Babbage to write her own notes on his work.
After nine months of hard work, Ada presented Babbage with a detailed list of notes that was three times longer than the original article. In her calculations, Ada wrote what are considered the first ever computer algorithms to be used in a new type of machine. She essentially provided the first ideas for computer programming in what was a groundbreaking proposal on the potential of computers.
Ada died of cancer aged only 36 and her work was largely recognised until the 1950s when her notes were republished. In 1979 the US Department of Defence named a programming language ‘Ada’ in her honour.
1. What can we learn about Ada from the first paragraph?| A．She had a devoted father. | B．Her mother raised her up alone. |
| C．She had an unpredictable temper. | D．Her parents divorced before her birth. |
| A．Charles Dickens. | B．Michael Faraday. |
| C．Luigi Menabrea. | D．Charles Babbage. |
| A．Modest and outgoing. | B．Talented and diligent. |
| C．Generous and considerate. | D．Determined and independent. |
| A．Ada’s notes were published only once. |
| B．Ada named a programming language after herself. |
| C．Ada earned a reputation nearly a century after her death. |
| D．Ada’s work was largely recognized when she was alive. |
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【推荐1】Earlier this year, a physician emailed me to thank me for an essay I wrote. I couldn’t believe he could find the essay—after all, 18 years had passed since it was published. But he had found the piece—my first narrative (叙事体的) medicine article about my experience parenting a son with a complex medical disorder—in a drawer he was cleaning out as he prepared to retire. He had tracked me down to share how important such articles were to him during his years caring for patients. I was touched and reminded of how important these pieces were to my own professional and personal journey.
At the time, major medical journals were beginning to publish narrative pieces. I submitted my first article, hopeful that it might make a difference for others—and confirm some productivity during this time. But I was also nervous about the potential exposure. I was surprised and thrilled when it was accepted for publication, and readers’ sympathy, constructive responses alleviated my concerns about sharing my family’s story.
Over the following years. I somehow made it to a researcher. Our youngest daughter was born; our son was diagnosed (诊断) with Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (综合症); and I took 5 months away from my study to help him get the support services he needed. Through it all, the narrative articles continued to flow. Writing about our expended family of health care providers and the need for family mental health services was highly smooth, and reading st rangers’ responses was equally effective.
In the year after returning to my career. I wrote my first funded proposals, to study the impact of traumatic (创伤性) health care events on providers, patients, and families, and to examine why patients do or don’t seek help for depression. I probably would not have taken these directions with my research if the topics had not been such a vital part of my life. But I realized that there didn’t need to be a division between my personal pain and the enthusiasms that fueled my research. Instead. I could imagine and create a life that satisfied my needs for my research, my family, and myself.
1. What was the author’s first narrative medicine article about?| A．The reasons for patients refusing to seek help for depression. |
| B．The influence of traumatic health care events on families. |
| C．The appreciation from a doctor approaching his retirement. |
| D．The story of caring for a son with a rare disorder. |
| A．Caused. | B．Reduced. | C．Described. | D．Strengthened. |
| A．She has a habit of writing. | B．She only has a son. |
| C．She suffers from the depression. | D．She stays away from her family. |
| A．Wasting time is robbing oneself. |
| B．God helps those who help themselves. |
| C．Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. |
| D．All things in their being are good for something. |
【推荐2】The Boy Made it!
One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept in to the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.
Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could — he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life, In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Grylls heard about Nichola’s amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
1. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?| A．He got lost. | B．He hurt his eyes. |
| C．He broke his skis. | D．He caught a cold. |
| A．He found a shelter. | B．He kept on skiing. |
| C．He built a snow cave. | D．He lighted some branches. |
| A．stayed where he was | B．was saved by a searcher |
| C．got stuck in the snow | D．returned to his shelter safely |
| A．was very hard-working | B．created some tips for survival |
| C．watched Grylls’ TV program regularly | D．did the right things in the dangerous situation |
【推荐3】Before she could even talk, Ellie Heath spent hours drawing pictures every day. When she grew older, the 15-year-old girl discovered the joy of sewing (缝纫). She said that she found it calming. She started out to make small things, like jewelry and soft toys. Over times, she began making clothing. Her love of the creative work led her to open a business. Three Blue Bunnies is the name of her company, which makes what she calls “wearable art”.
“My definition (定义) of wearable art is something that makes you feel unique. It’s one of a kind, and often handmade,” she explains.
All the pieces Ellie created were made of used or donated fabrics. She worked a lot with jean jackets, renewing (翻新) them with artistic additions. The process started with finding a piece of material that looked good with the jackets. “Then, I find out the design that works on it through trial and error (反复尝试) or maybe just the design comes to me,” she added.
Ellie improved her creative skills at school. Cheryl Crow was one of her teachers early on. Crow called Ellie “a dream student”. She said Ellie worked hard and made progress. “She is not only very creative, but also very kind and helpful to the other students.”
Ellie has many dreams. She wants to be a teacher and to spread the joy of creativity among children. She also dreams her business will grow and become a model for other young people who have a dream to achieve.
1. What does “wearable art” mean according to Ellie Heath?| A．Something that can be worn. |
| B．Something that is valuable. |
| C．Something that makes you feel different from others. |
| D．Something that cannot be found anywhere else. |
| A．Creative and determined. | B．Generous and outgoing. |
| C．Warm-hearted and clever. | D．Hard-working and unique. |
| A．All of the cloth comes from donation. |
| B．Ellie got a lot of pleasure from her design. |
| C．It is a piece of cake for Ellie to create unique clothing. |
| D．The process of artistic design is usually not easy. |
| A．Poster. | B．Narration. |
| C．Notice. | D．A science fiction. |
【推荐1】Hawking died on Wednesday at the age of 76. Tributes for famed theoretical physicist, cosmologist and best-selling author Stephen Hawking filled social media sites overnight. Scientists, media personalities, celebrities and many of the millions around the world who were influenced by his work and inspired by his life shared their thoughts:
His passing has left an intellectual vacuum (知识真空) in his wake. But it's not empty. Think of it as a kind of vacuum energy permeating (渗入) spacetime. Stephen Hawking, RIP 1942-2018.
— Neil deGrasse Tyson (@neiltyson) March 14, 2018
Stephen Hawking, RIP. Sad to hear about Stephen Hawking. What a remarkable life. His contributions to science will be used as long as there are scientists, and there are many more scientists because of him. He spoke about the value and fragility of human life and civilisation and greatly enhanced both.
— Brian Cox (@ProfBrianCox) March 14, 2018
Our world has lost a shining light. Blessed with a brilliant mind and uncommon grace, he opened so many minds to the wonders of our universe. Courageous and undefeated by misfortune, he believed deeply in the power reason.
— Dan Rather (@DanRather) March 14, 2018
It had to happen, eventually. We were lucky to have him for so long, and I was lucky to be able to work with him. A truly fabulous human being. Stephen Hawking. Funny, perverse, and, of course, brilliant.
— Sophia Nasr (@Astropartigirl) March 14, 2018
RIP Stephen Hawking. Genuinely very sad to hear that. If you haven’t, read A Brief History of Time. It’ll make the world feel more amazing and beautiful and strange. It’ll also make you feel smart and stupid all at once.
— Kumail Nanjiani (@kumailn) March 14, 2018
“We are just an advanced breed of monkeys on a minor planet of a very average star. But we can understand the Universe. That makes us something very special.” If understanding the Universe makes us special, then Dr. Stephen Hawking was truly extraordinary.
— ThinkGeek (@thinkgeek) March 14, 2018
1. Who used to be a colleague with Steven Hawking?| A．Kumail Nanjiani. | B．Brian Cox. | C．Dan Rather. | D．Sophia Nasr. |
| A．What makes human beings unique is that we can understand the universe. |
| B．Though faced with difficulties, Hawking never gives in. |
| C．Reading A Brief History of Time is a must. |
| D．Hawking is considered the greatest scientist in the world. |
| A．Steven Hawking passed away. |
| B．Sadness and Comments over Hawking & his death. |
| C．Steven Hawking, an influential scientist. |
| D．A lasting influence from Steven Hawking. |
【推荐2】Throughout history, artist, inventors, writers and scientists have solved problems in their dreams. Now, let’s have a look together at some of them.
1.Paul McCartney Found Yesterday in a dream
Paul McCartney is one of the most famous singers/songwriters of all time. According to the Guinness Book of Records, his Beatles song Yesterday(1965) has the most cover（翻唱） versions of any song ever written and, according to record label BMI，was performed over seven million times in the 20th century.
The tune for Yesterday came to Paul McCartney in a dream.
“I woke up with a lovely tune in my head. I thought, ’That’s great, I wonder what that is?’ There was an upright piano next to me, to the right of my bed by the window. I got out of bed, sat at the piano, found G, found F sharp minor---- and that leads you through then to B to E minor, and finally back to E. It all leads forward logically. I liked the _melody a lot, but because I’d dreamed it, I couldn’t believe I’d written it. I thought, ‘No, I’ve never written anything like this before.’ But I had the tune, which was the most magic thing! ”
2. Mary Shelley’s Frankentein Inspired by a Dream
In the summer of 1816, nineteen-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin and her lover, the poet Percy Shelley (whom she married later that year),visited the poet Lord Byron at his villa beside Lake Geneva in Switzerland. Stormy weather frequently forced them indoors, where they and Byron’s other guests sometimes read from a volume of ghost stories. One evening, Byron challenged his guests to each write one themselves.
Mary’s story, inspired by a dream, became Frankentein（科学怪人）.
“When I placed my head upon my pillow, I did not sleep, nor could I be said to think----My eyes shut ,I saw------with my acute mental vision----the pale student of unholy arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the ugly figure of a man stretch out, and then , on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and tremble with an uneasy motion, extremely frightful. The next morning I announced that I had thought of a story. I began that day with the words, ‘It was on a dull night of November’, making only a transcript(文字稿) of the cruel terror of my waking dream.”
1. We can learn from the whole passage that_________
| A．Some great stories, poems and songs were created while their writers slept. |
| B．Paul McCartney likes writing songs in dreams. |
| C．Frankentein was written by Byron’s guests. |
| D．Byron was an ugly frightful Frankentein. |
| A．dream | B．song |
| C．tune | D．instrument |
| A．The Greatest writers | B．The most famous song and story |
| C．Great dreams that come true | D．How to dream |
【推荐3】Known as the “First Lady of Physics” and “Queen of Nuclear Research”, Chien-Shiung Wu was born in China in 1912 and went to the United States in 1936 to take part in the doctorate (博士学位) program in nuclear physics at the University of Michigan. After learning that women were disrespected at the University of Michigan, she chose to go to the University of California, Berkeley instead.
During her earlier life in China, she had been an outstanding student whose love of learning had been encouraged by her father. By the time she arrived in the United States, she had already stood out in her undergraduate academic work and later during postgraduate research. At Berkeley, she benefited from working with some of the top physicists in the country at that time. After one year at Berkeley, she received a scholarship (奖学金) to Caltech. She completed her doctorate in 1940 and moved to the east coast. Unable to find a research position at university, Wu became a physics teacher at Princeton University and at Smith College. In 1944, she joined the Manhattan Project where she began work on beta decay and uranium enrichment.
While at Columbia University. Wu began working with two other Chinese American scientists, Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang conducting research in the field of particle physics. Wu developed an experiment disproving (反驳) a hypothetical physical law called the conservation of parity. The experiment smoothed the way for her two colleagues to earn the Nobel Prize, an award for which she was overlooked, she believed, because she is a woman. In 1978, her work was finally recognized when she received the Wolf Prize, a $100,000 international award given to artists and scientists for achievements in the interest of mankind and friendly relations among people, regardless of their nationality, race, color, religion, sex or political views.
She continued advancing her work in nuclear physics for many years and later joined in protecting women’s rights. She died in 1997 from a stroke.
1. Why did Wu choose to study at the University of Caledonia, Berkeley?| A．She needed to join a program. | B．She wanted to be treated equally. |
| C．She could learn physics further. | D．She could get the doctorate easily. |
| A．She had a good performance in study |
| B．She carried out nuclear research in China. |
| C．She couldn’t find her position at university. |
| D．She was the first female to join the Manhattan Project |
| A．Accepted | B．Criticized. | C．Praised. | D．Ignored. |
| A．Modest | B．Responsible. | C．Devoted. | D．Proud. |
