【推荐3】Chinese scientists recently have produced two monkeys with the same gene, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, using the same technique that gave us Dolly the sheep. These monkeys are not actually the first primates（灵长类）to be cloned. Another one named Tetra was produced in the late 1990s by embryo（胚胎）splitting, the division of an early-stage embryo into two or four separate cells to make clones. By contrast, they were each made by replacing an egg cell nucleus（原子核）with DNA from a differentiated body cell. This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer（SCNT）, can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.

Success came from adopting several new techniques. These included a new type of microscopy to better view the cells during handling or using several materials that encourage cell reprogramming, which hadn’t been tried before on primates. Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers’ pouring water on the idea that the team’s results bring scientists closer to cloning humans. They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.

But the scientists involved emphasize that this is not their goal. There is now no barrier for cloning primate species, thus cloning humans is closer to reality. However, their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans. Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.

1. What do we know about the technology called SCNT?

A．It created the first two primates.

B．It may contribute to editing the DNA.

C．It can divide an early-stage embryo into several cells.

D．It produced two cloned monkeys with different genes.

2. What does the author mean by “pouring water on the idea” in paragraph 2?

A．Keeping a hot topic of it.

B．Attaching no importance to it.

C．Having a low opinion of it.

D．Adding supportive evidence to it.

3. What is the scientists’ purpose to clone these monkeys?

A．To prepare for their research on human cloning.

B．To serve as a stepping stone to their reputation.

C．To help with the study of human diseases.

D．To raise money for holding an exhibition of novels.

4. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Cloning humans is already on its way.

B．New techniques seem to be pointless.

C．Society won’t agree to clone another monkey.

D．The success rate of cloning a monkey was not high.

【推荐2】The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics. At this time, many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games. The first stamps marking the opening came out on January 25, 1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on, publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.

During the 4th Winter Olympic Games a group of stamps were published in Germany in November 1936. The five rings of Olympics were drawn on the front of the sportswear. It was the first time that the rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics.

In the 1950’s, the stamps of this kind became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host countries as well as the non-host countries published stamps to mark those Games. China also published four stamps in February 1980, when the Chinese sports men began to take part in the White Olympics.

Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps. People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen.

1. The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics ________.

A．are the same thing	B．are different games
C．are not held in winter	D．are held in summer

2. The Winter Olympics is held once ________.

A．every two years

B．every three years

C．every four years

D．every five years

3. What may appear on the stamps of the White Olympics?

A．Basketball.

B．Table tennis.

C．Football.

D．Skating.

【推荐3】Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, because other scientists might be able to make advances not foreseen by the data's producers, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online (see Nature 461, 160-163; 2009). When Wolkovich, for instance, went hunting for the data from the 50 studies in her meta-analysis, only 8 data sets were available online, and many of the researchers whom she e-mailed refused to share their work. Forced to extract data from tables or figures in publications, Wolkovich's team could conduct only limited analyses

Some communities have agreed to share online - geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository, and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects - but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data and the contextual information called metadata; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.

But the barriers are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report Science as an Open Enterprise that scientists need to shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.

Although exhortations to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers - those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often - get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne, a biologist at George Washington University in Washington DC, thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of' timber. "I would much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions," she says "It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible ".

1. What do many researchers generally accept?

A．It is imperative to protest scientist' patents

B．Repositories are essential to scientific research

C．Open data sharing is most important to medical science

D．Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement

2. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?

A．Opposed

B．Ambiguous

C．Liberal

D．Neutral

3. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing？

A．The fear of massive copying

B．The lack of a research culture

C．The belief that research is private intellectual property

D．The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it

4. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ___

A．is becoming increasingly popular

B．benefits sharers and users alike

C．makes researchers successful

D．saves both money and labor