While many educators in higher education believe play is a method that is only used for primary education, University of Colorado Denver counseling researcher Lisa Forbes argues that play is important in post-secondary education to improve student learning outcomes.
Throughout the spring 2020 semester, Forbes observed students who signed up for three of her courses between the ages of 23-43. To introduce the playful method, Forbes included games and play, not always tied to the content of that day's lesson, at the start of each class. She then provided many opportunities for role-play to practice negotiation skills, and designed competitions within class activities.
During the study, students mentioned they saw more opportunities for growth while learning in a highly interactive environment. Students also described that the hands-on nature of learning through play established a means for skill acquisition, and they were able to remember the content more effectively.
“As we grow older, we're conditioned to believe that play is childish and a waste of time,” said Forbes. “This social script about play leads to it being excluded from higher education. A more interactive learning approach leads to a deeper and more rigorous (严谨的) connection to the material.”
To maintain what Forbes described as “rigor” within higher education, the most common approach tends to be lecture-based learning. However, according to Forbes, this mode of education is quite the opposite to the very outcomes educators set out to achieve.
The results of the study suggest there is a unique and powerful classroom experience when play is valued and used in the learning process. According to Forbes, students who participated in this study also indicated that play increased positive emotions and connections with other students and the professor in the course.
Forbes suggests educators re-evaluate their understanding of using play in graduate courses. The playful method creates an interactive and warm learning environment, resulting in greater understanding of the material.
1. What's the purpose of Forbes' observation?| A．To analyze play's broad role in human life. |
| B．To explore college students' skill acquisition. |
| C．To prove play's importance in secondary education. |
| D．To assess play's impact on higher education learning. |
| A．It's the “same old song” that keeps play out. |
| B．Universities tend to “follow suit” and embrace play. |
| C．Educators “strike while the iron is hot” to introduce play. |
| D．Higher education “swims against the tide” by rejecting play. |
| A．It fails to meet its intended goals. |
| B．It's effective when applied rigorously. |
| C．It conflicts with her definition of “rigor”. |
| D．It's a top recommendation for most courses. |
| A．Prioritize its use in class. |
| B．Reflect on its role in teaching. |
| C．Compare it with other methods. |
| D．Recommend it to their colleagues. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Are You a Moring Person?
Mornings are not for everyone. Knowing that our own bodies may be wired to prefer a certain time of day is certainly a relief. But many of us still have to wake up and function during those first daylight hours. So what can you do?
We tapped a variety of experts - from sleep experts to nutritionists to life organizational pros (生活管理达人) — to share their tricks on how to make morning less stressful and more pleasant for even the most after-hours of night owls.
1. Night waking
Poor sleep quality can explain why we sometimes wake up from eight hours of snoozing and feel like we only clocked in at four. “It’s normal to have one or two awakenings, but more than that leaves us feeling groggy (昏昏沉沉) in the morning because of the fragmented sleep,” explains Shelby Harris, director of the behavioral sleep medicine program at Montefiore Medical Center.
2. The Science of snoozing
The snooze button does more harm than good. Nodding off again sends you into a light and fragmented sleep! Multiple snoozes can leave you feeling groggier than just getting out of bed the first time. Instead, be honest about the time you intend to get up and then enjoy every last minute of sleep, so you can wake up alert and ready to go.
3. Don’t ease into your workday
It can be tempting to plow through the easy things early on—checking e-mail, scanning the headlines—but it’s wise to tackle the bigger stuff first. “Getting to work on the most important tasks not only ups the chances that they actually get done, but it also leaves you with a burst of accomplishment to take with you the rest of the day,” says Jason Selk, coauthor of Organize Tomorrow Today.
4. Save social media for later
Schedule a social media block later in the afternoon to check in when you’re likely to need a break anyway, and save the morning for the important stuff.
1. What’s the purpose of the passage?| A．To help us to get the most out of our mornings. |
| B．To relieve us from the guilt of multiple snoozes in the morning. |
| C．To warn us of the harm of not getting out of bed immediately. |
| D．To inform us about the fact that our bodies are wired to prefer a certain time of day. |
| A．One or two awakenings ensure us a good night’s sleep. |
| B．To be an early bird, better forget about the snooze button. |
| C．It’s important not to block social medium if you want to save your morning. |
| D．Beginning a day with easy things aroused our interest and a sense of accomplishment. |
| A．Classified Advertisement | B．Travel Brochure |
| C．Life and Study | D．Scientific Journal |
【推荐2】In our life, in addition to our family, neighbors are very important to us. We can live without our friends, but not without our neighbors. Sometimes our family or friends are so far away from us. If any emergency events happen, they cannot give us a hand in time. Maybe it is so easy to just go home and shut your door without getting to know your neighbors. But being an active neighbor will turn your living place into a kinder and more caring neighborhood.
It doesn’t take a lot of money or a generous gesture to be an active neighbor. You don’t have to show up with a fresh apple pie or anything like that. It’s truly as simple as saying hello, introducing yourself and asking a few open-ended questions. But they are the first step to become a kind neighbor.
Then get out of your comfort zone and make efforts to know more about your neighbors. For example, ask for their names and learn what they do for work. And if you feel comfortable, let them know that you’re there to help, if they ever need a hand.
Another way to show your neighbors that you care is by making your small acts of kindness a practice very often. This can be cleaning up the litter or even cleaning up after the pets have made a mess in your block. Or if you have an amazing garden, you can ask your partner or kinds to pick a bunch of flowers from the garden to give your new neighbor. Remember, every small gesture counts.
Remind yourself that being connected feels good and increases the way you feel in the long run. If you take the first step, your small acts of kindness can encourage others to carry that kindness forward. In the end, more and more people in the neighborhood will feel much better. Challenging as they are, reaching out to your neighbors is worth the efforts.
1. What does the author intend to tell us in the first paragraph?| A．The importance of a good friend. |
| B．A way to do with an emergency |
| C．Reasons to be a good neighbour. |
| D．The importance of a good neighbour. |
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four | D．Five |
| A．Leading the opening topic. |
| B．Connecting the following part. |
| C．Giving the main idea of the full text. |
| D．Expressing the feelings of the whole text. |
| A．How to be a good neighbour. |
| B．How to become a better friend. |
| C．Why to show your kindness to a friend. |
| D．How to express your feeling to a neighbour. |
【推荐3】A last-minute vacation can be a wonderful surprise and an escape from the ordinary. It normally takes a weekend or a few days. You might think that a last-minute vacation will cost a ton of money.
If you decide to take a last-minute vacation to an area you visit frequently, call your usual accommodations and see if they offer a favorable price to repeat customers. If you have met the manager on your earlier trips, ask to speak to him and explain your situation.
Some hotels will often have rooms that they cannot fill.
Teenagers are often excited about the chance to get out of their parents’ house for a weekend. So contact any young cousin you can trust in the house while you are on vacation.
| A．He or she can be asked to feed the pets. |
| B．So prepare for a little unexpectedness and relax. |
| C．Many small hotels and inns appreciate regular customers. |
| D．For them, making some money is better than making none at all. |
| E．Actually, you may be able to save a few dollars if you plan smart. |
| F．A last-minute vacation doesn’t have to be thousands of miles away. |
| G．The key to a great last-minute vacation is a refusal to stress details. |
【推荐1】While your teen may get OK by waiting until the last possible second to complete his high school science experiment or his math project, procrastination (拖延症) can be a big problem later in life. Your teen’s future boss or college professors aren’t likely to accept late work — or the excuses that accompany delayed projects.
Encourage your teen to write down his schedule. Your teen’s time may easily get taken up with video games or social media if he's not careful. Teach him to schedule his day so he can set aside time for chores, homework, and other responsibilities.
Help your teen prioritize (划分优先顺序) activities.
Avoid nagging (唠叨). It can be annoying to nag your teen or offer repeat reminders,
| A．Model good time management habits. |
| B．Encourage him to schedule free time as well. |
| C．Encourage your teen to establish healthy habit. |
| D．it’s common for teens to have conflicts in their schedules |
| E．It’s important to teach your teen how to behave responsibly. |
| F．As a result, many of them have to learn how to manage their time repeatedly. |
| G．and telling your teen to do his work over and over again reduces his responsibility. |
【推荐2】Learning Is a Learned Behavior
Many people mistakenly believe that learning is an unchangeable trait like eye color, simply luck of the genetic draw. ''People are born learners, or they're not."
Organize your goals
Effective learning often boils down to a type of project management. In order to develop an area of expertise, we first have to set achievable goals about what we want to learn. Then we have to develop strategies to help us reach those goals. A targeted approach to learning helps us cope with all the self-carping （自我挑剔）feelings associated with gaining skills: Am I good enough? Will I fail? What if I'm wrong?
Think about thinking
Metacognition （元认知）is crucial to the talent of learning. Psychologists define metacognition as "thinking about thinking", and broadly speaking, metacognition is about being more inspective about how you know what you know. It's a matter of asking ourselves questions like: Do I really get this idea? Could I explain it to a friend? Or do I need more practice? When it comes to learning, one of the biggest issues is not that something goes in one ear and out the other.
Reflect on your learning
There is something of a contradiction in learning. Get into a discussion with a classmate, for instance, and often your best arguments arrive while you're washing the dishes later. In short, learning benefits from reflection.
Being a quick study doesn't mean you're the smartest person in the room.
| A．Is there any truth in these rumors? |
| B．By becoming the first to sail round the world |
| C．By deliberately organizing your learning goals |
| D．Isn't there something else that I'd rather be doing? |
| E．This type of reflection requires a moment of calm. |
| F．A growing body of research is making it clear that learners are made, not born. |
| G．The issue is that individuals don't push themselves to really think about their thinking. |
【推荐3】Are you ready to take the Duolingo English proficiency test? It might be a smart decision if you’re applying to mostly institutions that accept it.
About Duolingo English Test (DET)
The Duolingo English Test is an English proficiency test that many institutions in the United States and Canada use to determine foreign candidates’ qualification for admission.
This exam is comparable to other English language proficiency tests like TOEFL and IELTS. It assesses one’s abilities to speak, listen, write, and read English; however, the significant distinction is that you do not have to go to a test center for DET. Students can take the test from the comfort of their own homes. All they need is a computer and access to the Internet.
Duolingo English Test Sections
Before the exam begins, each test laker will overview the test and the various criteria.
Here is the outline overview structure of the test.
1. Quick Setup
At the start of the test, each applicant has 5 minutes to complete the introductory tasks.
Ensure that their laptop or computer, camera, speakers, and microphone are all 21working properly.
Provide their government-issued identification card.
Read through Duolingo’s exam rules and regulations.
2. Adaptive Questions
Candidates win have 45 minutes to attempt the questions displayed on the screen while staying within the time limit.
3. Video Interview & Writing Sample
The Duolingo English Test prompts candidates to answer one of two questions chosen at random from a pool of hundreds of questions in the last 10 minutes of the Duolingo English Test.
In the following 10 minutes, candidates will have 30 seconds to select between the two options.
The Duolingo English test will give the video-speaking sample 1-3 minutes, while the writing sample is 3-5 minutes.
Scoring Guide for the Duolingo English Test
Candidates will not be put at a disadvantage for providing wrong or partially correct responses. Partially accurate answers may even earn candidates half credit.
Candidates who miss a question, on the other hand, may lose a higher percentage of their score than those who answer a question wrong. Hence, applicants must respond to all of the questions.
1. What can we know about Duolingo English Test?| A．It assesses people’s abilities to work in English. |
| B．It determines local students’ qualification for admission. |
| C．It is used to test foreign students’ English language level. |
| D．It is used as an online test for TOEFL and IELTS. |
| A．Introduction to the task. |
| B．Adaptive questions to be raised. |
| C．ID card and enough money. |
| D．Computer equipment needed. |
| A．Missing a question. |
| B．Answering a question wrong. |
| C．Providing a partially correct response. |
| D．Responding to all of the questions. |
【推荐1】English is the most widely spoken language in the world. And of the roughly 1.5 billion speakers globally, the vast majority speak it as a second language. So where are the world’s best non-native English speakers? According to a new report by EF Education First, an international education company, Northern Europeans are the most fluent. Middle Easterners are the least proficient (精通的).
The index (指数) is based on the results of a free online test taken by 2.3 million volunteers in 100 countries. Nearly six in ten of this year’s test-takers were female. Women have always performed better than men, but this year men closed the gap somewhat.
In Europe, the powerhouse economies perform surprisingly badly: only Germany makes the top place of “very high proficiency” countries. France is next, while Spain and Italy are continuously falling behind. A study by a Spanish research institute reported the bad news: 60% of adults say they speak no English at all. The fact that Spanish is a global language in its own right (the language declares 400 million native speakers) is probably the cause. If you speak Danish, you need another language to take part in global culture; speaking French or Spanish (or Arabic) means hundreds of millions of people to talk to without English.
Asia is the region of greatest diversity (多样性). Only Singapore makes the top level, but the Philippines, Malaysia, and India are not far behind. China is further back but still in the second level, a few places ahead of Japan. Struggling in the bottom places are a group of South-East and Central Asian countries like Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. This relates with another factor: the company repeatedly finds that English skills are highly related with connections and openness to the rest of the world.
1. Which is the best title for the text?| A．Where are the world’s most non-native English speakers? |
| B．Where are the fewest non-native English speakers? |
| C．Where are the world’s best non-native English speakers? |
| D．Where are the last non-native English speakers? |
| A．Half of this year’s test-takers were female. |
| B．Nearly 1.38 million of this year’s test-takers were female. |
| C．Women and men equally performed this year. |
| D．The gap between female and male is getting close year by year. |
| A．Spanish is a global language itself. | B．400 million Spanish speak English. |
| C．Spanish is easy to understand. | D．English fails to attract them. |
| A．Asia is the region with the best non-native English speakers. |
| B．China is the second place with the best non-native English speakers. |
| C．Countries in South-East and Central Asian are less open in Asia. |
| D．Countries in South-West and Central Asian line in the bottom places. |
【推荐2】Brazil is the greatest football nation in the world. There are 170 million Brazilians. How many of them are football fans? 100 million! All of them think they know all about football. This makes life very difficult for the Brazilian team managers. When things go bad for the Brazilian team, the newspapers would demand that the team manager should leave his job. “If we win, they me in heaven,” a manager once said. “If we lose, they put me in hell(地狱).”
You can’t escape football in Brazil. There are football matches on every street and beach. On television, the results of football matches come before the main news programs. There are six television channels(频道) in Rio de Janeiro. On Sundays each channel shows a different football match.
Brazil is not the richest country in the world, but the government spends lots of money on football. It cost more than one billion pounds to prepare for the 1978 World Cup. That’s 10 pounds for every Brazilian man, woman, and child. And many Brazilians don’t earn as much as 10 pounds a week. Is it worth it?
“Brazil must have a great football team,” says one journalist. “If it costs one billion pounds, that’s all right. If the government doesn’t give us a good team, then it will become unpopular. Football is more than a game in Brazil.”
Football is more than a game in Brazil. This is certainly true in its largest city, Sao Paulo. The most popular team is Corinthians. Corinthians’ fans are the most loyal and emotional in Brazil. When Corinthians win, production(产量) in the Sao Paulo car factories increases by fifteen per cent. When they loses, it drops. At one time Corinthians won the national championship for the first time, for four days fans danced and sang in the streets.
Why are people so loyal to one football team? What makes a football fan? One man says, “Without Corinthians my life would be sad. Corinthians bring some joy and excitement into my life. We all need that, don’t we?”
1. In Paragraph 1, what the manager said means_______.| A．he is respected by newspapers | B．he will probably be killed by fans |
| C．he is judged on his team’s results | D．it’s difficult for him to get good scores |
| A．all the Brazilians know all about football |
| B．football has an influence on politics in Brazil |
| C．the Brazilians spend a lot of money on football |
| D．Corinthians’ fans are always supporting their team |
| A．production in the Sao Paulo car factories increased |
| B．Corinthians won a national football championship |
| C．Corinthians won the World Cup |
| D．the newspapers put a team manager in heaven |
| A．it brings joy and excitement to their life | B．they could always count on it |
| C．it can increase the car production | D．they could see hope in it |
China is famous for its various hot pots, but the Japanese also love this delicious cuisine, where hot pots are known as nabemono. Here’re four tasty versions worth eating.
Shabu- Shabu
Many types of hot pots exist, but one of the most popular in Japan is called Shabu-Shabu. Featuring thinly sliced cuts of meats, fish and vegetables, the dish, whose name imitates the sound “swish swish” as the food is cooked in the boiling pot, is said to have been created in Osaka in the 1950s.The food is typically dipped in a sauce with a citrus(柑橘)flavor.
Chankonabe
Since the late 1800s, Chankonabe has been served to sumo(相扑)wrestlers looking to gain weight. Interestingly, there is no fixed recipe fr this style of hot pot. In other words, any type of meat and vegetables can be thrown in. It’s served in large portions, often with other food such as fried chicken so that sumo wrestlers can keep their significant body weight.
Mille-Feuille Nabe
A less fattening Japanese hot pot that has an attractive visual element is Mille-Feuille Nabe. Made with mostly pork and cabbage, it’s easy to prepare since this hot pot requires fewer ingredients(原料)than other kinds of nabemono. The remaining soup can also be enjoyed with steamed rice or noodles.
Yaminabe
Yaminabe is a dining experience like no other. Everyone brings their own ingredients to add to the pot,but with their eyes covered, they don't know what else is being added. Therefore,no one knows exactly what they’re picking out of the pot. Sounds like the ultimate surprise,doesn’t it.
That’s only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to nabemono. These hot pots are just the start of a wonderfully delicious nabemono journey!
1. Where does Shabu-Shabu get its name from?| A．The taste of the meat as it’s eaten. |
| B．The town called Osaka in the 1950s. |
| C．The sound of food boiling in the pot. |
| D．The flavor coming from a citrus sauce. |
| A．Shabu-Shabu. | B．Chankonabe. | C．Mille-Feuille Nabe. | D．Yaminabe. |
| A．A food and travel blog. |
| B．A history textbook. |
| C．A Japanese cookbook. |
| D．A news website. |
