【推荐1】It’s late in the evening: time to close the book and turn off the computer. You’re done for the day. What you may not realize, _______, is that the learning process actually continues - in your dreams.

It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly _______ the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented, often bizarre imaginings they _______ at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with _______ performance in that activity (suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it). What’s more, researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and _______ what we learn. While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during _______ hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural virtual reality. A vivid example of such _______ can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders. They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper performs the kind of physical movement that does not _______ occur during sleep. They then videotaped the _______ as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape __________ the dance moves she learned earlier.

This shows that while our bodies are __________, our brains are drawing what’s important from the information and events we’ve recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast __________ of what we already know.

In a 2010 study, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze(迷宫)task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their __________ to find their way through the maze compared with the participants who did not dream about the task.

Robert Stick-gold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the __________ of dreaming about the material. Think about that as your head __________ the pillow tonight.

【推荐2】According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as a leader of a social group.

In the family, traditional cultural patterns award_________   to one or both of the parents. In other _______, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of _______.In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent _______ that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have _______; rather, practically any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has _______ that meet the needs of that particular group.

Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership _______ that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the _______ of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the _______well-beings of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing ____________ support to group members and attempting to decrease tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may ____________ group members who restrict attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more ____________ or primary relationship to others in the group.They offer ____________ when someone experiences difficulties and try to____________ issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal ______________ from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

【推荐3】Two Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer.

Dr. Ron Laura, professor of health education at Newcastle University, and senior chemist Mr. John Ashton said their research points to a complete _______ of the accepted scientific theory. They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer, the artificial indoor light could be _______ and that a range of drugs in common use could also _______ melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin.

The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles. It is based on a new _______ that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins (Vitamin D) and immune process.

The sunscreens, artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin’s _______ to the sun. But Dr. Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped _______ the production of cancer protection Vitamin D.

He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more _______ to have melanomas than those who worked outdoors. Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of _______ to direct sunlight every day, _______ in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower, Dr. Laura said.

Sunscreens, long ________ as essential for beach lovers, could also ________ the production of Vitamin D. Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a ________ sense of security in thinking they are ________ from the sun’s rays.

Dr. Laura said more statistics ________ their claim had come to light since the first article was published. He believes his research findings are too important to be ________ to the scientific world.

【推荐1】Everyone has a phone in their pocket nowadays, but how often do we really use them for their original purpose — to make a call? Telephone culture is _______. What brought us to this moment, and what are its   _______?

“No one picks up the phone anymore,” wrote Alex C. Madrigal on The Atlantic. “The reflex (习惯性动作) of _______— built so deeply into people who grew up in 20th-century telephonic culture — is gone.”

The shift is of course due in large part to more _______ options: Texting with photos, videos, emojis, links and even voice messages can be a more _______ option.

Texting is light and fun, not nearly as demanding of your attention as a phone call. It can also be done with _______ people at the same time. Social media, email and video calls have also _______ traditional phone calls.

In recent years, another reason has caused people to _______ phone calls completely: robocalls. Robocalls are automated (自动化的) messages from organizations verifying (核实) your phone number or telemarketers trying to _______ something. Americans received 22.8 billion robocalls halfway through 2020, ________ an annual rate of 45.6 billion, according to YouMail, a robocall protection service and blocking app.

As telephone culture disappears, what is the loss of a singular family phone doing to the family unit? Early landline phones unite family members, whereas mobile phones ________ them.

“The ________ family phone served as an anchor (给以安全感的物品) for home,” said Luke Fernandez, a Weber State University computer-science professor and co-author of Bored, Lonely, Angry, Stupid: Feelings About Technology, From the Telegraph to Twitter. With smartphones, “we have gained ________ and privacy. But the value of the home has declined, as has its ________ to guide and monitor family behavior and perhaps bind families more closely together,” Fernandez said.

Of course, as technology progresses, lives always change for better or for worse. With the loss of telephone culture, families will need to find other ways to ________.

【推荐3】The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it. _________, no one can and no one may. We ourselves must walk the right path and make a _________.

We should start by doing what’s _________, then doing what’s possible and will certainly _________what may seem impossible! There is pleasure in the pathless woods, there is joy in the _________shore and there is society where none interrupts; I love not man the less, but _________ more.

This is a true _________ of an organization Nurture Nature which presents plenty of opportunities to _________ not just one’s surroundings but one himself. To many it may seem that we_________ just another forum to save the planet, and we do. __________, there is something bigger that it brings to you, an __________ to redefine yourself and to make sure that you believe that you are indeed “part of it”.

We at Nurture Nature deal with the __________ of making each and every person aware of their ________to the planet and beginning to do what’s necessary before it’s too late.

By organizing clean up drives and campaigns and extending our __________ through social media we at Nurture Nature particularly are doing our best to fulfill our aim. This initiative has received an incredible __________from crowd funders worldwide and funds for the campaign and other tasks were collected and were more than sufficient which were put to good use.