【推荐2】Pablo Picasso, J. K. Rowling, Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Bob Dylan— whether they’re painters, singer-songwriters, philosophers or writers, people across nations and ________have tapped into their creativity working away at a table in a cafe.

Noise

A low-to-moderate level of ambient(周围的)noise in a place like a cafeteria can actually boost your creative output. The idea is that if you’re very slightly ________from the task at hand by ambient stimuli, it boosts your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative idea ________.

While that “Goldilocks” level of noise is ________for everyone, audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making. Some have even dubbed(授予……的称号)“the coffee shop effect”. So, the jazz muzak, ________conversation and barista banging coffee grounds out of the grinder aren’t a nuisance; ________, they could help you come up with your next magnum opus(杰作).

________Crowds

A 2016study ________this idea when researchers asked participants sitting next to each other in front of a computer to do a task on the same screen. The study showed that “simply performing a task next to a person who exerts a lot of effort in a task will make you do the same”.

One of the biggest things about coffee shops is the ________facilitation effect: you go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just ________start working as well. Just observing them can motivate you to work harder.

Visual Variety

Visual variety helps in “solving a problem that has an optimal ________, but requires you to think outside the box” ...Coffee shops, though, generally have visual stimuli in spades. And hitting up different coffee shops each time keeps things even more ________. People come and go. The daylight changes. The aromas of coffee and food vary.

While we tend not to take ________notice of these micro-stimuli, and likely don’t overtly choose to work in this location because of them, these activities around us prod our brains to work a bit differently than at home.

Air of Informality

Experts say these cafe settings can also benefit work groups who are brainstorming and building camaraderie…All those audio and ________stimuli help groups, too, compared to the dearth on Zoom or in a formal meeting room.

University campuses, like open-air offices, have blended ________of coffee shops into their design to prompt people to gather and collaborate, as part of a trend that’s been happening for more than a decade.

【推荐3】What if an animal’s main food source is very scarce in the winter? The_______may be hibernation (冬眠)，that is, a deep sleep which allows them to_______the winter with little or no food.

Ways of hibernation_______widely. Some animals store food in their burrows (洞穴) to eat when they awake for short periods. Many_______extra food in the fall while it is plentiful, which is_______as body fat to be used later for energy.

Hibernators have two kinds of_______ ——regular white fat and special brown fat. The brown fat_______near the animal’s brain, heart and lungs. Its main_______is to provide extra body heat. It also sends a quick burst of_______to warm these organs first when it’s time to wake up.

True hibernators go into such a deep sleep that they are difficult to________and may appear dead. Their________goes down. Their breathing and heart beat slow significantly. ________hibernating woodchuck’s heart rate________from 80 to 4 beats per minute, and its temperature________from 37°C to as low as 4°C. Other hibernating animals don’t experience major________in temperature, heart rate or breathing. They are usually the________sleepers, easily awakened. They may sleep during the________weather and wake to wander and eat during milder weather.

If an animal lives in an area where the winter is mild, it may hibernate only________or not at all. However, even when the________is severe, the animals may wake up for short periods every few weeks to use their “toilet rooms” and eat if food is________

【推荐1】The World Cup is an international football competition that takes place every four years. The first World Cup event _________ in 1930 and it has only been cancelled twice in the history of the competition - in 1942 and 1946, _________ the Second World War. The World Cup can take place anywhere in the world. In 2018 the host country was Russia, in 2014 it was Brazil, in 2010 it was South Africa, and this year, in 2022, the _________ country is the State of Qatar. It is _________ time that a country in the Middle East is hosting the World Cup and only the second time that a country in Asia is hosting the _________.

While the World Cup usually takes place in the months of June and July. It is incredibly _________ in Qatar during the summer months, and _________ the competition will take place in November and December this year. There are 32 national teams participating. These teams were _________ through qualifying matches. There will be a total of 64 _________ played over the 28-day World Cup. These will take place in eight stadiums across the State of Qatar. The opening match __________ at Al-Bayt Stadium on the 20th of November between Qatar and Ecuador after the opening ceremony.

【推荐3】Researchers have found that urban heat island effect made worse by sunbaked roads can be relieved by a simple measure: Paint the streets gray.

A study by Arizona State University found that _________a reflective, gray-colored material to black asphalt（柏油）resulted in a 10.5-to-12-degree Fahrenheit drop in average road surface temperatures. Meanwhile, sunrise temperatures _________an average 2.4-degree drop.

“This is exactly what we were hoping for,” Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego said. “It’s exciting to see a technology that has the potential to meet the demands of a growing desert city in a world where temperatures are_________rising.”

Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day. That_________energy remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into nighttime air. Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings, creating a_________of urban heat island effect.

Researchers found as well that the greatest temperature_________was near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground. Even so, the neighborhoods with streets reflecting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods with_________roads.

But reflective pavements don’t affect all surfaces the same way. Researchers said that “the most meaningful measurement” was of radiant temperatures, a measure of how the body_________heat. Those measurements showed that the “human experience of heat_________at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity.” It’s been noted that the increase in__________ temperatures “may be a necessary trade-off（妥协）to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface.”

Heather Murphy, a spokesperson for the Transportation Department, said the response has been __________from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied. “We have had some people who don’t like the look of it, but generally the response has been very__________”.

Still, officials cautioned that reflective pavement is not a remedy for the urban heat island effect.

“If you’re standing over these surfaces on a hot day,__________, you’re still going to be hot if you’re not in the shade,” said Jennifer Vanos, an assistant professor at Arizona State University. “So if we really want to __________true solutions, it’s not going to be just painting all the streets gray.”

A second phase of the study will examine questions about how the material performs under different__________, including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature over longer periods.